Global 10 - November 22 Unit 4 Exam

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and your knowledge of social studies. "Compared to other peoples of the world we have the greatest [largest] population and our civilization is four thousand years old,... Today we are the poorest and weakest nation in the world and occupy the lowest position in international affairs. Other men are the carving knife and serving dish, we are the fish and the meat. As a consequence...we are being transformed everywhere into a colony of the foreign powers." Which events formed the basis for the ideas expressed in this early 1900s passage? 1. Opium War and Boxer Rebellion 2. Mau Mau uprising and adoption of apartheid 3. Sepoy Mutiny and the Salt March 4. Haitian Revolution and Cortés' march on Mexico City

1. Opium War and Boxer Rebellion

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... These measures [the hostage system, the isolation policy, and the banning of guns] succeeded in bringing the bloody wars of the previous period to an end. But the Shoguns could not stop the society beneath them continuing to change. The concentration of the lords and their families in Edo led to a growing trade in rice to feed them and their retainers, and to a proliferation [increase] of urban craftspeople and traders catering to their needs. Japan's cities grew to be some of the biggest in the world. The merchant class, although supposedly of very low standing, became increasingly important, and a new urban culture of popular poetry, plays and novels developed, different in many ways from the official culture of the state. A relaxation of the ban on western books after 1720 led to some intellectuals showing an interest in western ideas, and a 'School of Dutch learning' began to undertake studies in science, agronomy [agriculture] and Copernican astronomy. As money became increasingly important, many of the samurai became poor, forced to sell their weapons and to take up agriculture or crafts in order to pay their debts. Meanwhile repeated famines hit the peasantry—almost a million died in 1732 (out of a population of 26 million), 200,000 in 1775, and several hundred thousands in the 1780s—and there were a succession of local peasant uprisings. The Tokugawa political superstructure remained completely intact. But beneath it social forces were developing with some similarities to those in western Europe during the Renaissance period... . Source: Chris Harman, A People's History of the World, Verso (adapted) Which of the following choices is a primary source that would help Harman show evidence of his claims? 1. Urban census reports of Edo in the 1700s 2. A quotation from Copernicus' manuscript 3. A wood block print of a Samurai warrior 4. A painting of a Renaissance sculpture

1. Urban Census reports of Edo in the 1700s

Which African group centralized its rule and adopted new military techniques that challenged the power of the British and the Boers in South Africa? 1. Zulu 2. Ashanti 3. Ibo 4. Masai

1. Zulu

The Meiji Restoration in Japan was prompted in part by 1. a fear that Japan would be colonized by western nations 2. the failure of Japanese expansion 3. the Shogun's conversion to Christianity 4. a desire to stay isolated

1. a fear that Japan would be colonized by western nations

A primary reason for Japan's involvement in the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War was to 1. acquire natural resources in Manchuria and Korea 2. control trade and markets in Southeast Asia 3. end Japan's policy of isolationism 4. remove foreign invaders from Japanese soil

1. acquire natural resources in Manchuria and Korea

"Hitherto, all European nations, including your own country's barbarian merchants, have carried on trade with our Celestial Empire at Canton. Such has been the procedure for many centuries, although our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There is, therefore, no need to import any of the manufactures of outside barbarians in exchange for our own products." - Letter from Ch'ien Lung to George III, dated 1793 This statement was made in reaction to 1. attempts by Western nations to expand their influence in China 2. Japanese militarism throughout East Asia 3. the development of Chinese communism 4. high European tariffs

1. attempts by Western nations to expand their influence in China

Which action taken by the Meiji government encouraged industrialization in 19th-century Japan? 1. building a modern transportation system 2. limiting the number of ports open to foreign trade 3. forcing families to settle on collective farms 4. establishing a system of trade guilds

1. building a modern transportation system

During the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese began to modernize their country primarily to 1. compete with Western powers 2. isolate their people from foreign influences 3. reemphasize traditional values 4. introduce Eastern religions to Japan

1. compete with Western powers

France gained control over Algeria. Great Britain gained control over North America. Portugal gained control over Angola. What do these statements describe? 1. imperialism 2. revolution 3. alliances 4. totalitarianism

1. imperialism

By closing Japanese harbors to most foreigners in the 1600s, the Tokugawa shogunate attempted to 1. protect Japan from European influence 2. increase Japanese agricultural production 3. eliminate Japan's influence on Southeast Asia 4. destroy traditional Japanese culture

1. protect Japan from European influence

One of the most important motives for the European "Scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s was that Africa provided a source of 1. raw materials used in industry 2. religious inspiration 3. free labor for the Americas 4. technologically innovative practices

1. raw materials used in industry

Which event is the best example of imperialism? 1. the Opium Wars in China 2. the Spanish Inquisition 3. the Yalta Conference 4. the Hundred Years' War

1. the Opium Wars in China

The outcome of the Opium War showed that in the 19th century, 1. the Chinese Army was the most highly disciplined army in the world 2. China was no longer strong enough to resist Western demands for trading rights 3. the Chinese people were successful in eliminating foreign influence 4. the Chinese Government preferred to continue the opium trade

2. China was no longer strong enough to resist Western demands for trading rights

Base your answer on the excerpt and on your knowledge of social studies. The White Man's Burden Take up the White Man's burden- Send forth the best ye breed- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. — Rudyard Kipling, 1899 The message of this poem was used by many Europeans to justify 1. industrialism 2. feudalism 3. imperialism 4. fascism

3. imperialism

One effect of industrialization on Meiji Japan was that it 1. strengthened the power of the Shogunate 2. decreased the level of pollution 3. modernized transportation 4. increased the number of small farms

3. modernized transportation

During the late 19th century, which geographic factor helped attract European investors to southern Africa and southeast Asia? 1. smooth coastlines 2. navigable rivers 3. natural resources 4. temperate climates

3. natural resources

Which situation was a result of the 1884 Berlin Conference? 1. Africa was divided without regard to ethnic groups. 2. Monarchies were restored throughout Europe. 3. The slave trade with South America was eliminated. 4. The League of Nations was formed.

1. Africa was divided without regard to ethnic groups.

What was a direct result of the Meiji Restoration in Japan? 1. Japan became a modern industrial nation. 2. The Tokugawa Shogunate seized control of the government. 3. Russia signed a mutual trade agreement. 4. Japan stayed politically isolated.

1. Japan became a moder industrial nation.

Which action in Japanese history occurred during the Meiji Restoration? 1. Japan modernized its economy. 2. Mongols invaded the islands of Japan. 3. The Japanese government adopted an isolationist policy. 4. Buddhism became the official religion of Japan.

1. Japan modernized its economy.

During the 19th century, European nations established spheres of influence in China mainly to 1. profit from the ivory trade 2. introduce Islam to the Chinese people 3. gain commercial advantages in China 4. obtain human rights for Chinese citizens

3. gain commercial advantages in China

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... These measures [the hostage system, the isolation policy, and the banning of guns] succeeded in bringing the bloody wars of the previous period to an end. But the Shoguns could not stop the society beneath them continuing to change. The concentration of the lords and their families in Edo led to a growing trade in rice to feed them and their retainers, and to a proliferation [increase] of urban craftspeople and traders catering to their needs. Japan's cities grew to be some of the biggest in the world. The merchant class, although supposedly of very low standing, became increasingly important, and a new urban culture of popular poetry, plays and novels developed, different in many ways from the official culture of the state. A relaxation of the ban on western books after 1720 led to some intellectuals showing an interest in western ideas, and a 'School of Dutch learning' began to undertake studies in science, agronomy [agriculture] and Copernican astronomy. As money became increasingly important, many of the samurai became poor, forced to sell their weapons and to take up agriculture or crafts in order to pay their debts. Meanwhile repeated famines hit the peasantry—almost a million died in 1732 (out of a population of 26 million), 200,000 in 1775, and several hundred thousands in the 1780s—and there were a succession of local peasant uprisings. The Tokugawa political superstructure remained completely intact. But beneath it social forces were developing with some similarities to those in western Europe during the Renaissance period... . Source: Chris Harman, A People's History of the World, Verso (adapted) Which of the following best describes how Harman presents his information about the changes in Japanese society during the late 17th and early 18th centuries? 1. Claim → quotation → conclusion 2. Claim → facts → conclusion 3. Facts → claim → conclusion 4. Facts → claim → quotation

2. Claim, facts, conclusion

What was one impact of industrialization on Japan during the Meiji Restoration? 1. Japan became more isolated from world affairs. 2. Demand for natural resources increased. 3. Japan became a colonial possession of China. 4. Traditional practices of Bushido were reintroduced.

2. Demand for natural resources increased

What was a principal reason for the success of European colonialism in Asia in the late 1800s? 1. Asians respected Europeans as representatives of an advanced civilization. 2. Europe was able to dominate military and commercial relations with Asia. 3. Europeans respected Asian laws and customs. 4. Many Asians adopted European religious practices.

2. Europe was able to dominate military and commercial relations with Asia

Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three? 1. Rival tribal groups fought wars. 2. The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries. 3. Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented. 4. African economies became dependent on the sale of cash crops and raw materials.

2. The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries.

During the 1840s, China signed "unequal treaties" with Western nations mainly because 1. China had won the Opium War 2. Western nations had superior military technology 3. leaders in China favored expansion 4. China had requested economic assistance from the West

2. Western nations had superior military technology

Japan's increased foreign trade during the Meiji Restoration was closely related to its 1. need to maintain a traditional society 2. desire for a modern industrialized society 3. colonization by Western nations 4. encouragement of foreign investment

2. desire for a modern industrialized society

Which change is associated with Meiji Japan? 1. expansion of feudal political and social values 2. modernization of the economy and government 3. adoption of isolationist policies 4. abandoning plans for an overseas empire

2. modernization of the economy and government

In Japan, the Meiji Restoration resulted in the 1. division of the nation between the European powers 2. modernization of the nation's industry 3. abolition of the position of Emperor 4. government being controlled by the samurai

2. modernization of the nation's industry

How did topography and climate affect the history of Africa? 1. The slave trade declined in western Africa. 2. Islam spread into southern Africa. 3. European colonization of central Africa was delayed. 4. Trade increased between southern and northern Africa.

3. European colonization of central Africa was delayed.

During the late 19th century, which geographic factor helped attract European investors to southern Africa and southeast Asia? 1. smooth coastlines 2. navigable rivers 3. natural resources 4. temperate climates

3. Natual resources

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ...Economic reforms included a unified modern currency based on the yen, banking, commercial and tax laws, stock exchanges, and a communications network. Establishment of a modern institutional framework conducive to an advanced capitalist economy took time but was completed by the 1890s. By this time, the government had largely relinquished direct control of the modernization process, primarily for budgetary reasons. Many of the former daimyo, whose pensions had been paid in a lump sum, benefited greatly through investments they made in emerging industries. Those who had been informally involved in foreign trade before the Meiji Restoration also flourished. Old baku-fuserving firms that clung to their traditional ways failed in the new business environment.... — Japan: A Country Study, Library of Congress According to this passage, what was this country trying to do? 1. provide benefits to the daimyo 2. develop a safety net for traditional businesses 3. become an industrialized nation-state 4. relinquish control over foreign trade

3. become an industrialized nation-state

The White Man's Burden. "Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child...." — Rudyard Kipling, 1899 This stanza from Kipling's poem is most closely associated with the belief that it was the duty of Western colonial powers to 1. learn from the people they conquered 2. teach their colonies how to produce manufactured goods 3. civilize the people they controlled 4. welcome less developed countries as equals

3. civilize the people they control

Some developing countries rely on a single cash crop such as cotton or sugar cane. The origin of this practice can often be traced to the 1. introduction of communism 2. establishment of democratic governments 3. colonization of the region 4. movements to gain independence

3. colonization of the region

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), concerning Latin America, and the Berlin Conference (1884-1885), concerning Africa, were similar in that each agreement 1. provided for self-government by the native peoples 2. declared that in these areas monarchs ruled by divine right 3. divided each area into European-controlled segments 4. supressed revolts by native people against European imperialist

3. divided each area into European-controlled segments

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... These measures [the hostage system, the isolation policy, and the banning of guns] succeeded in bringing the bloody wars of the previous period to an end. But the Shoguns could not stop the society beneath them continuing to change. The concentration of the lords and their families in Edo led to a growing trade in rice to feed them and their retainers, and to a proliferation [increase] of urban craftspeople and traders catering to their needs. Japan's cities grew to be some of the biggest in the world. The merchant class, although supposedly of very low standing, became increasingly important, and a new urban culture of popular poetry, plays and novels developed, different in many ways from the official culture of the state. A relaxation of the ban on western books after 1720 led to some intellectuals showing an interest in western ideas, and a 'School of Dutch learning' began to undertake studies in science, agronomy [agriculture] and Copernican astronomy. As money became increasingly important, many of the samurai became poor, forced to sell their weapons and to take up agriculture or crafts in order to pay their debts. Meanwhile repeated famines hit the peasantry—almost a million died in 1732 (out of a population of 26 million), 200,000 in 1775, and several hundred thousands in the 1780s—and there were a succession of local peasant uprisings. The Tokugawa political superstructure remained completely intact. But beneath it social forces were developing with some similarities to those in western Europe during the Renaissance period... . Source: Chris Harman, A People's History of the World, Verso (adapted) Claim: After 1700 economic forces began to weaken the Tokugawa Shogunate. Which of the following quotes could be cited as support for this claim? 1. ".... civil wars of the previous period [came] to an end." 2. "...a relaxation of the ban on western books..." 3. ".... popular poetry, plays and novels developed" 4. "...the merchant class...became increasingly important"

4. "...the merchant class...became increasingly important"

Which region was most affected by decisions made at the Berlin Conference of 1884? 1. Latin America 2. South Asia 3. East Asia 4. Africa

4. Africa

Korea has frequently served as a cultural bridge between 1. Cambodia and Vietnam 2. Russia and India 3. Thailand and Indonesia 4. China and Japan

4. China and Japan

Base your answer to the question on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: "I am offended by the term 'Dark Continent.' It implies that only ignorance and barbarism were here before European explorers and settlers invaded the continent, bringing their 'enlightened' ways." Speaker B: "This hemisphere might have been a 'New World' to Europeans, but it certainly was not a 'New World' to the Incas, Aztecs, and other Indian Nations whose worlds were destroyed by the brutal greed of the Europeans." Speaker C: "Defeat at Dienbienphu resulted in French withdrawal from the region. I was glad to see them go. The French exploited our land, resources, and people. And now, American involvement in the region frustrates our nationalist ambitions. It will lead to more military conflict." Speaker D: "Upon arrival, we found a primitive people living in a primitive land. We build roads and bridges, sanitation systems, schools, and hospitals. We helped eliminate starvation and poverty. I feel no guilt about our past and continued presence in the region." Which speaker expresses an opinion that is different from the other three? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

4. D

Which statement best expresses the Western perspective regarding Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden"? 1. Europeans should preserve traditional cultures in Africa and Asia. 2. Europeans must protect existing African and Asian economies. 3. Europeans suffered great hardships in exploring new trade routes to Asia. 4. Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples.

4. Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European people

Which statement best expresses the Western perspective regarding Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden"? 1. Europeans should preserve traditional cultures in Africa and Asia. 2. Europeans must protect existing African and Asian economies. 3. Europeans suffered great hardships in exploring new trade routes to Asia. 4. Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples.

4. Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European people

The 19th century term "white mans burden" reflects the idea that 1. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans 2. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help 3. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans 4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of their colonial peoples

4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of their colonial peoples

Which area served as a cultural bridge between early China and Japan? 1. Persia 2. Russia 3. India 4. Korea

4. Korea

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan rapidly industrialized. During which period did this change take place? 1. Heian Court 2. Song dynasty 3. Yuan dynasty 4. Meiji Restoration

4. Meiji Restoration

The Opium Wars in China and the expedition of Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan resulted in 1. the economic isolation of China and Japan 2. an increase in Chinese influence in Asia 3. the beginning of democratic governments in China and Japan 4. an increase in Western trade and influence in Asia

4. an increase in Western trade and influence in Asia

Which policy is most directly associated with the terms spheres of influence, extraterritoriality, and protectorate? 1. collectivization 2. containment 3. isolationism 4. imperialism

4. imperialism

The Ming emperor banned the building of large oceangoing ships in 1433. The Tokugawa shogun issued the Act of Seclusion in 1636. One way in which these historical occurrences are similar is that both led to increased 1. social mobility 2. globalization 3. cultural diffusion 4. isolation

4. isolation

Which geographic factor of Korea most directly influenced the spread of Chinese culture to Japan? 1. rivers 2. mountains 3. climate 4. location

4. location

The development of cash-crop economies promotes globalization by 1. equalizing the standard of living for peasant populations 2. establishing communities that are self-sufficient 3. maintaining the diversity of indigenous agriculture 4. meeting demands outside the region of production

4. meeting demands outside the region of production

One reason for Japan's rapid industrialization during the Meiji Restoration was that Japan had 1. rejected Western ideas 2. used its access to the sea for fishing 3. relied on traditional isolationist policies 4. reformed its political and economic systems

4. reformed its political and economic systems

The 19th century term "white mans burden" reflects the idea that 1. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans 2. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help 3. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans 4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of their colonial peoples

4.Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of their colonial peoples