Global Migration
how many people had submitted asylum seeker applications in 2014
1.66million
what was the number of refugees in 2012
15.7 million
what was the number of refugees in 2014
19.5 million
How many EU migrants did the UK have
192,495
What age group in Asia's in 2013 was the largest in terms of economic migrants
25-39 years
what as the annual flow of migrants between Mexico and the USA between 2000-2010
250,000 people
what percentage of the world population in 2015 were living outside their country of origin
3.3%
how many EU migrants did Germany have
345,692
how many people were forces to leave their homes in 2014 due to conflict and persecution
42,500
what is the annual worldwide limit for permanent immigrants in the USA
675,000
how many EU migrants did Italy have
75,710
how many EU migrants did Spain have
85,020
what percentage of the worlds refugees have LIDC's or EDC's as their desitination
86%
how many EU migrants did France have
94,393
what countries have status of women restricted and regulations of governing females
Africa Asia
where has the increased female migrants gone to
Europe Latin America North America Caribbean
why does migration promote economic growth
GDP and tax base of the host nation can be boosted by working migrants migrants are consumers in a host country and simulate local economies migrants can sill skills gaps and shortages in the labour market migrant remittances can supplement household income and simulate multiplier effect
who was the largest recipients of EU migrants
Germany
what countries were migrants taking low-skilled jobs in
Germany UK Italy
what counties have a migrant remittances contribute to 20% of their GDP
Haiti Gambia Liberia
what are the three global migration case studies
Lao Brazil Usa
give 3 examples of bilateral flows
Poland- UK India-UAE Myanmar-Thailand
what are the three international organisations that are involved in the governance of female migration
UNFPA ILO IOM
what are the main two countries in which highly skilled migrants are attracted to by higher salaries
USA Canada
what counties do migrant remittances contribute 0.1% of their GDP
USA UK
what does UNDP stand for
United Nations Development Programme
what is a refugee
a person who has moved outside their country of origin due to fear of persecution or death
what is a short term migrant
a person who moves outside of their country of origin for at least 3 months but less than a year
what is a long term migrant
a person who moves to a country outside of their country of origin for a period of 1 year or more
what is an asylum seeker
a person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee
what industry are young migrants employed in, in UAE, Qatar and Saudi Arabia
construction oil producing
bilateral corridors develop as a result of social, economic and political factors such as
cost of travel ease of access and communications efficiency, reliability and cost of sending remittances employment opportunities and wage differences establishment of diaspora communities and networks effects of conflict and persecuation policies of national goverments language
how does global migration cause inequalities
countries lose proportion of labour force better education migrate, leaving brain drain redistribution of the population of reproductive age, influences crude birth rates increase inequalities between families who do and do no receive migrant remittances
why are NGO's and national governments concerned with migrant welfare
due to entire families including young children, attempt dangerous sea crossings at the hands of people traffickers
what are the 6 factors that influence global migration patterns
economic globalisation high concentration of young workers and females migrants increased flows in south-south corridors increased number of refugees changes in national immigration and emigration policies corridors of bilateral flow
what are the main reasons for intra-regional migrant flows are economic
employment opportunities higher wages better standards of living ease of returning to country of origin
what are the three main reasons why people born in the UK live abroad
employment opportunities retirement family reunification
What policies are in place in AC's such as Australia and Canada
encouraged immigration using a points bases system to satisfy labour shortages
what policies are in place in LIDC's such as Pakistan
encouragement of emigration for the socio-economic benefits it can being to their overall development through financial and social remittances
what are intervening obstacles
factors that can get in the may or influence the migration of a person, shown in lee's migration model
what are pull factors
factors that cause a person to want to move to a country outside of their origin
what are push factors
factors which cause a person to want to move out of their country of origin
What does the USA immigration policy allow for
family reunification economic migrants protection of refugees promoting diversity humanitarian relief
what is the aim of the points based system in place in AC's
fast track young, highly skilled workers in order to address shortages in sectors such as engineers, IT specialists and health care workers
what are social remittances
flows of ideas about family size, education and marriage
what does the EU have in relation to migrant flows
free movement policy for people across most of the EU's international boarders
what does HDI stand for
human development index
what has occurred as a result of the increased female migrants
increasing female independence and status greater fredom for women growing importance of women as main income earners
what are unequal flows of people, money and ideas linked to
inequalities conflicts injustices
what are the three scales in which economic globalisation occurs at
inter-regional intra-regional internal
what does ILO stand for
international labour organisation
what does IOM stand for
international organisation for migration
what does the HDI do
is a composite index which is the UN's measure of development bases on economic and social indicators
why is international migration an important part of globalisation
it contributes significantly to social and economic interdependence between countries
What has happened to Thailand's economic growth
it has increased with the demand for unskilled labour, for example construction
what are migration policies of national governments designed to do
meet the specific social, economic and political needs of all countries
why does migration promote stability
migrant remittances contribute to economic stability returning migrants have new ideas and values that can contribute to peace-building and conflict resolution youthful migrants working population contribute to more balanced age structure
how does global migration cause injustices
migrants and vulnerable to violation of their human rights treatment of asylum seekers the plight of refugees in terms of food and shelter etc
what is inter-regional migration
migration flows from EDC's and LIDC's to europe
what is intra-regional migration
migration flows within the EU
at an inter-regional scale what does migration include
migration of highly skilled workers attracted by high salaries migration of workers from EDC's to oil producing gulf states attracted by high wages and remittance opportunities
what is now the growing trend in relation to female migrants
migration of highly skilled, graduate women to countries where there is less discrimination in the labour market
what are migrant remittances
money that is sent back to a persons country of origin that is earned by an economic migrant
what are internally displaced persons (IDP's)
people who have been forces to move within their own country as a result of conflict or environmental disaster
what are economic migrants
people who move from their country of origin seeking work, either long term or short term
where are migrant remittances most important
poorer contries
at an intra-regional scale what does migration include
rapid increase of low skilled international migration stock within ASEAN increased migrant streams within south america so the 'southern cone' of Argentina etc by wage differences and labour opportunities# return migrations in the EU from taking low skilled jobs, often returning to more prestigious positions
why has there been an increase in south-south corridors
restrictive administrative barriers fast growing economies in south offering employment improved communication and the development of business and social networks preventative costs ease of migration within ASEAN and MERCOSUR improvements in ease and reliability of remittances increased refugees
what is the main migration that occurs internally
rural-urban migration
why does migration promote development
skills and knowledge acquired can be beneficial for families and local communities migrants can create networks which ease flows of skills, financial resources and values UN 'migration and development' programs, bottom up approach
how does global migration cause conflict
social conflict between host communities and 'new comers' immigrant populations can place pressure on service provision international boarders can be areas of conflict between border control authorities and human traffickers and illegal migrants
what are the two dominant directions of flows within the global migration system
south-north south-south
what does international migration lead to
spatial diffusion of ideas, information and values which are transferred back to country of origin by migrants
what are the three main aspects in which global migration can promote
stability economic growth development
what was the top source of refugees in 2015
syria
what is MERCOSUR
the creation of a free trade zone and the full integration of the regional economies between Argentina, South America, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela
what is net migration
the difference between total number of immigrants and emigrants for a particular country
what are the main reasons for the large number of refugees globally
the effects of conflict political persecution, discrimination and violation of human rights economic hardship and persecution as a result of forced labour and modern slavery impacts on natural hazards
what is lee's migration model
the explanation of the push and pull factors that influence migration between their country of origin and their country of destination
what does bilateral migration corridors involve
the migrant flows between two countries
what is international migration stock
the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live, including refugees
what is globalisation
the process in which the world is becoming increasingly interconected
why are the EU migration so high
the schengen agreement the expansion of the EU
what is dispora
the spread of an ethnic or international group from their homeland
how can access to technology hinder the work of NGO's and other relief organisations
these organisations rely on effective communication and transfer of information so therefore causes work to be restricted
why are migrant remittances important
they can help aid the development process of a country
what has happened to the number of female migrants
they have increased and now exeeded that of men
what is the aim of the ILO
to promote international labour migration, to protect migrant workers and support diaspora communities
what does UNHCR stand for
united nations high commissioner for refugees
what does the UNFPA stand for
united nations population fund
what is the multiplier effect
where one change has a positive impact on another and so on, causing a cycle of positive outcomes
what does ASEAN stand for
Association of South East Asian Nations
which are the three countries in which most UK emigrants are resident in
Australia USA Canada
what are the main three countries with highly skilled workers attracted by higher salaries
China India Brazil
What are the main 6 countries that are migration for the oil producing countries in the Gulf states
India Bangladesh Pakistan Egypt Philippines Indonesia
what countries are high in rural-urban migration
India China Mexico Brazil
which are the three countries that have supplied the greatest number of UK immigrants
India Poland Pakistan
what countries did migrants return back to more prestigious positions in
Romania Lithuania Latvia Poland Portugal Estonia
what were the three largest recipients of the asylum seeker applications in 2014
Russian Federation Germany USA
what are two areas of global migration that are spatially uneven
access to technology migrant flows
what is friedmann's core-periphery model
an explanation of why people from different areas move to certain areas, due to their spatial social-economic qualities ad inequalities
what do humanitarian organisations provide
assistance at sea and on coast line as well as land routes into Europe
in lIDC's and EDC's ILO ensures that
basic human rights are protected training schemes in place for potential migrants value of manpower in the LIDC's and EDC's is promoted female participation overseas is encouraged support for social networks and associations of the dispora advice on effective use of social and economic remittances
examples of how technology is increasingly important
bio-metric technology using iris scans to register migrants in refugee camps use of crowd-sourced data from text messages emails and tweets in 'crisis mapping'
why has migrant remittances been made easier
by cash transfer programs and the use of smart phone technology
how can countries and their economies be exemplified
by flows of economic migrants at different scales
in LIDC's and EDC's what can migrant remittances do
cause the economic multiplier effect to occur
what can global migration cause
conflict inequalities injustices
