Globalization (week 1 reviewer)

Inozemtsev (2008)

Distinguished globalization as one of the most known social studies, but is still a hollow terminology.

The work of Giddens (1991)

defined globalization as "all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society.

Hutton & Giddens, as cited by Cuturela (2009)

emphasized that globalization is the interplay of extraordinary technological innovation mixed with influence of the world that gives today's changing its complexity.

Thomas Friedman (1999:112-3)

emphasized that the most basic truth about globalization is this: 'No one is in charge

Webster

globalization is the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets.

First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton (1999)

praised the Eastern Europe's economic transition towards capitalism by saying, "The emergence of new businesses and shopping centers in former communist countries should be seen as the 'backbone of democracy.'

Francis Fukuyama (2000)

stressed that there exists a 'clear correlation' between the country's level of economic development and successful democracy

Steger (2005)

that globalization should be confined to a set of complex, social processes that are changing out current social condition derived from the modern independence of nation-states.

After the Cold War

the term was already used to define an interdependent world when it comes to its economical and informational dimensions.

Cuturela (2012)

Cited a published work, Towards New Education, which used the term "globalization" in 1930. Globalization means to designate an overview of the human experience in education.

Fourth claim

Globalization benefits everyone.

Fifth and the last claim

Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world.

First claim

Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets.

Second claim

Globalization is inevitable and irreversible.

In the 1980's

The term "globalization" has become a common word manifesting advances in modern technologies that have made international transactions, in both trade and finances, convenient, accessible, and easy.

The work of Giddens (1991)

highlighted in his definition that globalization is the process of intensifying social relationships among countries around the world connecting separate localities in a manner in which local events are formed as a result of happenings that have occurred from afar.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2000)

identified some overviews of various areas of globalization. IMF (2000) noted that globalization refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity which includes village markets, urban industries, or financial centers.

Robertson (1992)

in his article, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, defined globalization as the "understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole."

Interconnectedness

is created because of social and economic relationships and networks which are relevant in the global interactions.

Third claim

nobody is in charge of globalization. This claim highlights the semantic link between 'globalization-market' and the adjacent idea of 'leaderlessness'.

Robert Hormats (1998)

opined that 'The great beauty of globalization is that no one is in control.' No government or no institution has the control over globalization.

Steger (2005) cited Freeden (2003)

pointed out that globalization denotes not an ideology, but 'a range of processes nesting under one rather unwieldy epithet. He furthered that global flows occur in different physical and mental dimensions.

THE FIVE CORE CLAIMS OF MARKET GLOBALISM Steger (2014)

pointed out that in the mid-1990's, more population in the global north and south had accepted globalism's core claims, thus internalizing large parts of its overarching neo-liberal framework that advocated the deregulation of markets, the liberalization of trade, the privatization of state-owned enterprises, and , after 9/11, the qualified support of the global 'War on Terror' under US leadership.