Glucose Regulation

Hyperglycemia symptoms mouth wet/dry thirsty/dehydrated strong/weak vision strong/weak urnation output?

- Dry mouth - Thirst - Weakness - Headache - Blurred vision - Frequent urination

For which tests that determine blood sugar levels should a person have no caloric intake for at least eight hours? - Random blood glucose​ - 2-hour post-prandial glucose​ - Glucose tolerance test​ - Glycosylated hemoglobin​ - Fasting blood glucose​

- Glucose tolerance test​ - Fasting blood glucose​

The most common alteration in glucose regulation is persistent ______ or ______

- Hyperglycemia - Diabetes

HYPOGLYCEMIA - T.I.R.E.D

- TACHYCARDIA - IRRITABILITY - RESTLESSNESS - EXCESSIVE HUNGER - DIAPHORESIS (SWEAT)

An individual whose cells are resistant to insulin and is unable to maintain a normal blood glucose level is living with ________​ An individual whose body does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood glucose level is living with ___​ A pregnant woman whose body is unable to maintain a normal blood glucose level is living with ______

- Type 2 - Type 1 Gestational

Working (bone/lung/muscle) cells deplete (intracellular/interstitial/plasma) glucose quickly, so (glucose/insulin/protein) moves from the blood to the cells. The lower (blood/cerebral/muscular) glucose level triggers the body to (conserve/increase/utilize) stored glucose.​

- muscle - intracellular - glucose - blood - utilize

Hypoglycemia symptoms

- sweating - pallor - irritability - hunger - lack of coordination - sleepiness

RISK FACTOR/NON RISK FACTOR 1. 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week​ 2. Corticosteroid use​ 3. Healthy weight​ 4. High saturated fat intake​ 5. Low fiber intake​

1. NON 2. RISK 3. NON 4. RISK 5. RISK

MILD/SEVERE/MODERATE 1. A person who uses insulin daily has not eaten and is found unconscious​ 2. A person with no known history of impaired glucose regulation who is irritable, tachycardic, and very hungry​ 3. A person who has had no access to food for two days, who is confused, having difficulty walking, and blurred vision.

1. SEVERE 2. MILD 3. MODERATE

Blood glucose levels two hours after eating a meal​.

2 Hour Post-Prandial Glucose

When blood glucose nears ______ (severe hypoglycemia), the person may lose consciousness or have a seizure

20 mg/dL

As the blood glucose falls below _________ (moderate hypoglycemia), symptoms can progress quickly to alterations in cognition, changes in behavior, feeling weak, blurred vision, or difficulty walking

54 mg/dL

The classic symptoms of mild hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels, which include tachycardia, tremors, irritability, restlessness, excessive hunger, and sweating, are typically experienced when the blood glucose falls below ________

70 mg/dL

Euglycemia Value

BG 70-140mg (pre and post-prandial)

In what way does insulin facilitate glucose entry into the cell?​

Binds to cell membrane receptors​

Which hormones alter glucose regulation? Select all that apply.​ Aldosterone Cortisol Epinephrine Glucagon Insulin

Cortisol Epinephrine Glucagon Insulin

Sources of glucose: Dates Shrimp​ Water White potatoes​ Whole-grain bread​

Dates Y Shrimp​ N Water N White potatoes​ Y Whole-grain bread​ Y

HYPO/HYPER Dry mouth​ Frequent urination​ Lack of coordination​ Pallor Sweating Weakness

Dry mouth​: HYPER Frequent urination​: HYPER Lack of coordination​: HYPO Pallor: HYPO Sweating: HYPO Weakness: HYPER

Blood glucose level after eight hours of no caloric intake​.

Fasting Blood Glucose

High blood sugar that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth

Gestational Diabetes

Which substance is the primary source of energy within the cells?​

Glucose

Blood and urine glucose levels after taking a standard oral glucose load​.

Glucose Tolerence Test

Amount of glucose attached to red blood cells​.

Glycosylated hemoglobin/hemoglobin A1C

An older adult experiencing tachycardia, cold and clammy skin, tremors, dizziness, and slurred speech is most likely having which alteration in glucose regulation?​

Hypoglycemia

euglycemia

Normal blood glucose level

Blood glucose at any time of the day, regardless of caloric intake​.

Random Blood Glucose

An autoimmune disease that develops when the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed, causing glucose to remain in the bloodstream. This raises sugar levels in the blood, this cannot be naturally corrected

Type 1 Diabetes

Is caused by the body not producing enough insulin, or when the body becomes resistant to the insulin it is producing. Obesity and high blood sugar levels are the most potent risk factor

Type 2 Diabetes

hyperglycemia glucose level value

fasting or post-prandial level greater than 140 mg/dL

hypoglycemia glucose level

glucose level less than 70 mg/dL