GML Chap 11

In 1839, fifty-three slaves took control of this ship in an attempt to reroute to Africa

Amistad

Blacks, free and slave, took part in the Great Awakening of the colonial era, and even more were swept into these southern religions during religious revivals into the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

Baptist and Methodist

The most influential African-American of the nineteenth century and the nation's leading advocate of racial equality was

Frederick Douglass

Whose name is most often associated with the Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman

What happened to the 135 enslaved persons who, in 1841, seized the ship, the Creole, and sailed to Nassau in search of freedom

They were given refuge in the British Caribbean

Which is not part of the generally accepted account of the 1822 conspiracy led by Denmark Vesey

Vesey and his followers killed or maimed 37 whites

As acts of self-empowerment, enslaved individuals often

broke tools

By 1860, more than half of the United States' exports were in

cotton

During the early to mid-1800s, sugar produced in the slave South was America's leading export

false

In the fifty years following the end of the international slave trade in 1808, the number of slaves in the United States fell by 50 percent

false

Slaves knew little of Christianity or the Bible, and slave masters usually withheld access to religion from their enslaved labor

false

The Underground Railroad ran on steel tracks (after its iron ones were replaced) that were generally hidden in forest growth

false

The laws of almost all southern states recognized the legality of slave marriages

false

"Slave patrols" were

farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves

Nat Turner

led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites

In American slave culture, jumping over a broomstick was associated with which of the following acts

marriage

By the eve of the Civil War, free blacks in the South were allowed to own

property

What was the result of the Missouri court case involving the "crime" of Celia

she was sentenced to death

In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in

slaves

Compared to Brazil and the West Indies, where revolts involved hundreds or even thousands of slaves, revolts in the United States were

smaller and less frequent

Labor on rice plantations in South Carolina and Georgia was generally done by

task labor

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina considered "the most false and dangerous of all political errors" was

that all men are created equal and entitled to liberty

The "peculiar institution" of the South was

the issue of slavery

Paternalism meant

the master was the head of system, including providing his slaves with protection and the right of care and attention in their sicknesses

The Second Middle Passage was

the slave trade from the older states to the Lower South

Perhaps the most powerful disciplinary weapon slaveholders possessed was

the threat of sale

After a brief period of apprenticeship, the end of slavery in Britain came on August 1, 1838

true

By 1850, most slave-owning families owned five or fewer slaves

true

By 1860, the economic investment represented by the slave population exceeded the value of the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined

true

By 1860, three of four white families owned no slaves

true

By the mid-nineteenth century, all states had made it illegal to kill a slave except in self-defense

true

Cotton was the major agricultural crop of the South and, indeed, the nation, but slaves also grew rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and hemp

true

For slaves, slavery meant constant fear that their families might be destroyed by sale, incessant toil, and brutal punishment

true

In 1860, the South as a whole produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods

true

In the midst of the American antebellum era, the British Parliament launched a program for abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire in 1831

true

Slaveowners had many ways to enforce discipline among their slaves - from physical punishment, to material incentives, to the threat of sale

true

Slavery for blacks, the South declared, was the surest guarantee of "perfect equality" among whites, as they liberated them from the "low, menial" jobs like factory labor and domestic service performed by wage laborers in the North.

true

Slaves had many ways to "quietly" resist the power of the slave owners - from feigning illness, to wrecking tools, to performing inadequate labor

true

The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth

true

In the mid 1800s, few plantations had dedicated buildings for slave worship so most slaves

worshipped in secret or in biracial churches with white ministers