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Cognitive-behavioral

"Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." The orientation of the author of this quote most likely would be?

A friend asks you whether to try relaxation or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based on present research, your best answer is:

"Try either on; they're about equally effective."

imagine that you are asked to give a scientific opinion on the use of polygraphic evidence. your BEST response would be

"although they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable"

A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from ______symptoms. A) emotional B) cognitive C) motivational D) behavioral

standardization

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

_________ is the ongoing inability to form new memories.

Anterograde amnesia

the most common mental disorders in the us are the

Anxiety disorders

Under what axis do long standing problems fall under the DSM IV TR

Axis II

Under what axis do long-standing problems fall in DSM-IV-TR?

Axis II

Under what axis do long-standing problems fall into

Axis II

any relevant general medical condition

Axis III includes:Â

idiographic

A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______approach.

Conversion disorders most often appear in

Adolescence

What is the most accurate statement about child sexual abuse?

Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups.

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n): A) panic disorder. B) phobic disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

people with one anziety disorder are most likely to

Experience another anxiety disorder, too

nomothetic

Experiments are consistent with the _________approach.

apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied.

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study

A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object

How do phobias and common fear differ?

In cognitive behavior therapy, the process of altering or challenging primary attitudes is similar to: A) increasing positive reinforcements. B) conducting an experiment. C) identifying distorted thinking. D) increasing daily activities.

In his definition of suicide, Schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it: A) involves conscious effort. B) is self-inflicted. C) involves direct effort. D) results from depression or emotional distress.

The first physician to specialize in mental illness was:

Johann Weyer

Which of the following cases caused the uproar and outrage that led to a return to the M'Naghten rule in determining insanity?

John Hinckley's attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan

Jose is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist most likely reflects the ______ orientation. A) psychodynamic B) interpersonal C) behavioral D) humanistic

Conversion Disorder

Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of the left hand. Which of the following is the best diagnosis for this disorder?

localized amnesia

Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her prized poodle is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events immediately following the attach, up until the safe return of the dog. This is a classic example of:

self actualization

Maslow; humanists further suggest that self actualization leads naturally to a concern for the welfare of others & to behavior that is loving, courageous, spontaneous, & independent; process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness & growth

Bio-feedback training

Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output from a heat-sensitive device on her fingers. She simply tried to make the dial go up. This is a form of:

Max is upset because he cannot stop thinking that he has forgotten something and is constantly going back to his apartment to check. It is interfering with his life because he does it so often. This behavior is an example of a(n): A) panic disorder. B) phobic disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

a person, years after committing a serious crime, is found living under a false identity over 1000 miles from where the person used to live. The person's memory of the crime, and of other earlier events, is intact. Most likely this is a case of

No mental disorder

control groupÂ

The group of participants that is not exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the:

hypothesis

The idea that children from single-parent families show more depression than those from two-parent families is a(n):Â

. to be classified as having major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least

Two weeks

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding gender and suicide?

Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men.

If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose:

a benzodiazepine

If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose:

a benzodiazepine.

a person who eats large amounts of food in a short period, and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:

a binge-eating disorder

Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying:

a checking compulsion.

A person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also:

a danger either to themselves or to others

of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology

a dominant-culture assessor

A comprehensive approach that involves several techniques in treating anxiety disorders is called:

a stress management program

All forms of therapy have which three essential features?

a sufferer, a healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer

posttraumatic stress disorder

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called

The rise of managed care programs for treating mental disorders has resulted in:

a preference for short-term rather than long-term improvement

What can a person who is found to be guilty but also mentally ill expect?

a prison term with the recommendation for treatment

if you were an air traffic controller and your employer required you to attend a seminar on dealing in healthy ways with stress, you would be receiving

a problem-solving seminar

operant conditioning

a process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated

An individual who had suffered from dissociative fugue likely would have experienced all of the following EXCEPT:

a recurrence of the problem months or years later.

Imagine that you are a therapist working on the border between the United States and Mexico but don't speak Spanish. What is proper ethical behavior for you?

acknowledge your limitations and seek further training

Second messengers are:

active inside the neuron

Those who are anxious unless their books are perfectly lined up on their desks and who must eat the food on their plates in a balanced order are exhibiting a:

balancing compulsion

Which of the following combinations is MOST likely to result in antagonistic effects?

barbiturates and cocaine

The exact repetition of phrases spoken by others is known as:

echolalia.

combining any two or more treatment techniques results in an approach is called:

eclectic

Recently the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that:

effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine.

Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were the:

ego, superego, and id

if your friend had her brain waves recorded in order to measure electrical activity, she most likely had an:

electroencephalogram

Extential view

emphasis on self determination, choice, and individual responsibility; focuses on authenticity

Repeated involuntary defecating into one's clothing is known as:

encopresis.

Defendants who are judged mentally unstable at the time when they are said to have committed the crimes, are MOST likely to:

be judged not guilty by reason of insanity

the individual associated with develiping a cognitive theory of depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was:

beck

Among many clinicians, _______ is the preferred treatment for autism, because the gains from the treatment continue for a significant period of time.

behavioral therapy

the most effective treatment for phobias is:

behavioral therapy

Catharsis

belief in the release of underlying tension, energy

What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?

benzodiazepine

Narcolepsy is a:

biological disorder often triggered by strong emotions

Which of the following is least likely to be a source of either low sexual desire, or sexual aversion?

biological reasons

Research supporting a Freudian view of suicide has shown that later suicidal behavior is related to:

both real and symbolic losses in childhood.

a psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. a clear picture is constructed of this indiidual so that his behavior is better understood. this study is:

case study

People with schizophrenia who wave their arms around in wild motions and make kicking motions with their legs are experiencing:

catatonic excitement.

Concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 diagnoses are MOST likely to center on which factors?

categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias)

if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced ______, according to psychoanalysts.

catharsis

A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region of the brain?

caudate nuclei

A person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have:

cell breakdown and death

Abnormality in this area of the brain has been associated with autism.

cerebellum

there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research

challenges faced by clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT

particular strength of the interview process

chance to get a general sense of the client

Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people will schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result tells us that

children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal behavior

Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people with schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result tells us that

children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal behavior.

parens patriae refers to the state's rights to make decisions that are in the individual's best interest, and t the idea that police power gives the state the right to protect society from harm. these two principles have been used to support

civil commitment

the principle of parens patriae (parent of the country) permits the state to make decisions that promote an individual's best interest. it has been used to support the process of

civil commitment

the process of forcing certain individuals to undergo mental health treatment is called

civil commitment

civil commitment is for a person who

civil commitment allows certain people to be forced into mental health treatment

When he was 5 years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:

classical conditioning

When he was five years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:

classical conditioning

the example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks & lunges demonstrates a principle of

classical conditioning

the existence of disorders such a moro,gusto, amok, and winding remind us that

classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another

the existence of disorders such as koro, nervios, amok, and windigo remind us that:

classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another

The existence of disorders such as koro, susto, amok, and windigo remind us that:

classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another.

in addington v. texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. as a result, the standard for committing a person was revised to

clear and convincing proof that the patient is mentally ill and meets the states minimum requirement

Those most often in charge of treating abnormality in the middle ages in europe were the:

clergymen

the term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by carl rogers is:

client-centered therapy

the term used to refer to a psychologist's comprehensive view of the causes and stimuli sustaining a person's abnormal behavior is:

clinical picture

If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a:

clinical practitioner

a person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental genetic factors produces schizophrenia. most likely, the person is a:

clinical researcher

one outcome due to the rise in malpractice suits related to hospitalization, based on actual hospitalization statistics is that

clinicians fear being sued

marcus felt awake and alive as thought he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used:

cocaine

In the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear response?

cognitive

the model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the

cognitive model

the model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:

cognitive model

if your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced non-depressive actions and improved your social skills,

cognitive therapy

the form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and try out new interpretations of events is:

cognitive therapy

Defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are MOST likely to be:

committed for treatment until they improve enough to defend themselves.

one cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the:

community mental health approach

A group home is an example of:

community residence

When I was a young child and watching TV with my mother, a mouse ran by. My mother screamed, scaring me. Subsequently, I have been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:

conditioned stimulus

What is thought to be the cause of vaginismus (the involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles)?

conditioning of a fear response

If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

conditions of worth

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

conduct disorder

Dr. martin just asked a potential client to talk about herself.....there are a few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just

conducted an unstructured interview.

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ______ variables.

confounding

Of the following groups of people, which receives the least trust from society?

congressional members

if a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would most likely be practicing:

conjoint family therapy

DSM5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the following procedures except

consulting with clinical advisors

the group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation is called the:

control group

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:

conversion disorder

recent research on the role of religion in mental health shows that religious people:

cope better with life stresses than unreligious

behavior that violates legal normals is:

criminal/abnormal

the most legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their

cultural fairness

someone who experiences a half dozen alternations between mild mania and mild depression within a year it is classified as

cyclothymia

In using the insanity plea, the burden of proof to prove insanity rests with the:

defendant

imagine that you are a therapist treating another therapist for a disorder. what is the therapist most likely to exhibit

depression

People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing:

dissociative amnesia

people who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especailly of an upsetting nature, are MOST likely experiencing:

dissociative amnesia

Which diagnosis involves a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of identity to another part?

dissociative disorder

Mario is so miserable that he can barely tolerate living. According to the definition to abnormality, this description is an example of:

distress

a therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of

duty to protect

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively

dysfunction

Which of the following do NOT belong together in terms of Internet use and potential behavioral disorders?

e-mail use and depression

Studies show that errors in diagnosis MOST commonly involve information gathered:

early in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting.

The ___ operates in accord with the pleasure principle

A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called:

idiographic

a mental health practictioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. this approach to abnormal psychology is called:

idiographic

general principles that explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______ approach.

idiographic

a panel of psychologist and psychiatrist evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high

interrater reliability

Retrospective analysis of suicide typically would include:

interviews with people who knew the person who committed suicide.

A flash mob is MOST similar to:

mass madness

Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:

mass madness

the first step in using the treatment called "systematic desensitization" is to:

learn the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions

All of the following are examples of ways in which social institutions limit a person's mental health care EXCEPT:

legal protection of patients' rights and confidentiality

A friend of yours is required to take a polygraph test as part of a job application. This requirement is:

legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase.

If you are a minority, you are:

likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.

* Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her prized poodle is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However... This is a classic example of...?

localized amnesia

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among:

men with jobs

the currenlty accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is:

multidimensional

to form of experiment used most often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is

natural

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal, are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

negative

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures glavancis skin responses and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. This type of clinical test being used is

neurophysiciological

According to cognitive theorists, compulsive acts serve to

neutralize

As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. the approach of clinical researchers is

nomothetic

Experiments are consistent with the ______ approach.

nomothetic

Clinical researchers are usually concerned with __ understanding of abnormality, while practitioners focus on a __ understanding

nomothetic; idiographic

If binge eating is followed by a period of strenuous exercise to compensate for the food, the diagnosis is probably

nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa

When nonwhite defendants, compared to white defendants, are evaluated for competence to stand trial:

nonwhite defendants are more likely to be found incompetent to stand trial

* The anxiety response associated with the stress disorders is mediated by which neurotransmitter?

norephinephrine

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

norepinephrine

College students who are so anxious that they can't function unless their clothes are arranged by color and type in their closets are...

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

the use of exoercism in early socieies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was causes by:

evil spirits

the use of exorcism suggests a belief that what we call mental illness was caused by:

evil spirits

If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:

exhibiting a typical reaction

"you can do anything you want. you can lead a perfectly useless life. it is all up to you." a therapist who would say these frustrating statements as a primary part of the therapy process would follow the _____ tradition.

existential

a therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities, and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, inauthentic--empty--would most likely be:

existential

because people who are manic have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. this test has:

face validity

Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came larger from:

family pedigree studies

Dissociative fuges usually:

follow a stressful event

____________ personality disorder was formerly a name for histrionic personality disorder.

hysterical

Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:

psychotropics

the central feature of bulimia nervosa is:

purging either by vomiting or use of laxatives

the movement that has tried to find the common strategies that good therapists use is called

rapproachment

the movement that has tried to find the common strategies that effective therapists use is called:

rapprochement movement

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:

receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following is not one of the biological factors that are common to people with schizophrenia and people with schizotypal personality disorder?

reduced activity of serotonin

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is:

reexperiencing the traumatic event

Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:

relapse-prevention training

The technique of having a client with pedophilia identify situations in which he performs inappropriate behavior and then teaching him more appropriate coping strategies is called:

relapse-prevention training.

When children or adolescents cause a peer to be socially isolated, spread rumors about them, and manipulate their friendships, they are engaging in __________ aggression.

relational

Which of the following is the best example of the nomothetic approach?

review of records to see if autism runs in families in general

A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and at the same time often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of:

schizoaffective disorder

An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has:

schizophrenia.

Immediate stressors particularly common among those who attempt suicide include all the following EXCEPT:

occupational stress

Research indicates that eyewitness testimony is:

often unreliable

Which of the following people would never have to stand trial for a crime he or she might have committed?

one judged not guilty by reason of insanity

When Jose did not get the job, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. this thought is an example of

overgeneralization

according to aaron becks cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is _________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

overgeneralization

If a child with conduct disorder displays openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors, which pattern of the disorder would that child be displaying?

overt-destructive

under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother record the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to the hitting. in this situation, Tina's mother is a:

participant observer

if a patient is assigned to a community mental health center inpatient facility instead of a mental hospital, the decision makers are applying the principle of

patients should receive treatment from the least restrictive facility available

one of the features of alcholoics anoymous is

peer support

many states have a category of "mentally disordered sex offenders", which assigns moral responsibility to the offender. this category, which is related to the insanity defense, is based on the premise that

people who are repeatedly found guilty of certain sex crimes have a mental disorder

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:

people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.

having frequent headaches is a

physical symptom

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

popularly called "bedlum"

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on:

prejudice and discrimination faced by women

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the ______ explanation of phobias.

preparedness

The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the:

prevalence

According to psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms function to keep unacceptable thoughts and conflicts out of consciousness. This is called...?

primary gain

providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so that problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called:

primary prevention

some states have adopted a verdict of "guilty but mentally ill". the sentence that must be given to those so convicted is

prison sentence along with needed treatment

According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really:

problems in living

Insurance parity laws are concerned with:

providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems.

acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:

psychoanalysis

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

psychodynamic model

the model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

psychodynamic model

Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:

stress

Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of a:

stressor

Poor health is BEST described as a:

stressor

Which of the following is MOST likely to impact job performance in terms of accidents, damage, and absenteeism?

substance-related disorders

In response to a threat, we prepare, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

sympathetic nervous system

Evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes MOSTLY from:

testimonials from those who have gone through such a program.

Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in low, but not high levels?

testosterone

R.D Laing said " insanity- a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world." This statement illustrates

that abnormality is situational

* The neurotransmitter most often implicated in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is...

serotonin

lets just do away with diagnosis says a clinician/ all we do is making things worse. that clinicians view point is

shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality

multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as most likely due to:

social pressures leading to stress

In ___________, people with intellectual developmental disorder are grouped together in a separate, specially designated educational program.

special education

a person with an anxiety disorder receives treatment. because of the treatment the persons anxiety level is lower, but he still finds it almost impossible to live a normal life. for this person, the improvement in the anxiety disorder is

statistically significant

Who makes the final decision as to whether a person may be tried by the judicial system?

the courts

The legal system and the scientific community generally see __________ as fundamentally different

the degree of free will people have regarding their behavior

study with a new antidepressant pill....... which of the following was the independent variable of this study

the drug

The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of:

the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.

What aspect of dialectical behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory?

the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship.

the basic premise of family therapy is

the entire family is viewed as the unit of treatment, even if only one of the members, receives a clinical diagnosis

Research using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale indicates that:

the greater the life stress, the greater the chance of illness

If you were working in the field of psychoneuroimmunology, you would be studying:

the links between stress and illness

Correlation coefficients indicate

the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables

Which of the following is an aspect of the experimental approach?

the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

which of the following an aspect of the experimental approach?

the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

which of the following is an aspect of the experimental approach?

the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

The incidence of HIV+ rates on campus tells you

the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period.

The incidence of HIV+ results on campus tells you:

the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period.

the principle of informed consent adduces that

the participant can understand the explanation

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:

the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs.

studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that:

the pattern is basically the same as one that has been displayed by many other people paid too much attention to some info and not enough

A person with dissociative identity disorder has just experienced "switching." Which of the following most likely is happening?

the person has changed from one sub-personality to another

which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is accidental and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?

the psychodynamic model

an otherwise "normal" person during hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. the occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?

the psychogenic perspective

There are many obstacles that hinder psychologists' attempts to understand and treat disorders. All of the following are obstacles, EXCEPT:

the relatively rigid, unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of humans.

the focus of the protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act of 1986 was to

the right for patients to investigate possible abuse

The controversy regarding research with animals centers on

the right of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems

In correlational research, external validity is established when:

the sample is representative of the larger population.

Why might the suicide rate among elderly Native Americans be low?

the value the culture places on the elderly

brilliant scholars or champion athletes are not considered clinically abnormal because..

their behaviors are unusual to the norm but do not cause distress, dysfunction, or danger.

A person's weight set point is

their body's natural weight

Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common:

their lack of strong support from controlled studies

a patient looks at a series of black and white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. the patient is taking:

thematic appreciation test

when a clinician using the Rorschach focuses on the actual images that a person "sees, the clinician is emphasizing

theme

if you ask the question, "what type of therapy has been shown to be the most effective for my particular disorder?" you are asking a question about:

therapy outcome studies

If someone asked you about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing following a disaster, you would be MOST correct (based on the research) in saying that:

there is little evidence that debriefing works

Recent research using genetic linkage studies has looked for possible patterns of inheritance of bipolar disorders. The results suggest that:

there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition to develop bipolar disorders.

Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:

they freely choose and enjoy their behavior

Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting

research in positive

they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting

studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that

they pay too much attention to some of the information and too little to other information

In an emergency, if a person is clearly suicidal or homicidal because of hallucinations and delusions, that person can be involuntarily committed by:

two physicians

Temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if:

two physicians certify it (the two-physician certificates, "2 PCs")

To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:

two years

People who are consistently angry, impatient, competitive, driven, and ambitious are displaying ___ and are at greater risk for heart disease

type A personality

The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of:

typical children as models and "teachers."

An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:

ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes

if you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. the lemon is an example of:

unconditioned stimulus

Bulimia is always characterized by

uncontrollable overeating

The Durham test judges a person NOT to be criminally responsible if he or she has acted:

under the influence of a mental disease or mental defect

A person who is accused of a crime cannot be convicted if he or she is mentally unstable either at the time of the crime or at the time of the trial. This minimum standard of competence to stand trial is important to ensure that the person:

understand the charges and can work with his or her lawyer

a person who is accused of a crime can not be convicted if he or she is mentally unstable either at the time of the crime or at the time of the trail. competence to stand trial is important to ensure that the person

understands the charges and is capable of forming a defense

Which of the following would lead you to suspect hysterical rather than medical symptoms

uniform and even numbness in the damaged hand

one limit of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that:

unstructured interviews can lack reliability

a researcher trying to eliminate the Rosenthal effect would be sure to

use a blind design

clinical psychologists are unique among mental health professionals because they:

use psychological tests and conduct research

how does an MRI make a picture of the brain?

uses magnetic property of certain atoms in the brain to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure and activity

The lack of consensus about the correct diagnosis of personality disorders questions the _______ of the DSM categories.

validity and reliability

true experiments involve the manipulation of some:

variable

The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been the mose successful was the use of:

various meds

A person quite suddenly begins to show specific cognitive impairment and difficulty in speaking, yet other cognitive functions appear normal. MOST likely, that person is experiencing:

vascular neurocognitive disorder.

according to family systems theory, families that show "disengagement" are characterized by:

very rigid boundaries, children might find it hard to function in a group or to give or request support

The ________ explanation or theory for Alzheimer's disease is linked to the resemblance of Alzheimer's disease to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

viral

The finding that the HIGHEST rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?

viral theory

in how many cases of psychological disorders does an individual gene appear to be responsible?

vitrually none- it take many genes

If you are similar to most other people, which of the following are you MOST likely to do to relieve stress?

watch TV, read, or listen to music

psychologists are ethically bound to keep material about their patients confidential except

when a client is thought to be a danger to another person

Psychologists are ethically bound to keep material about their patients confidential EXCEPT:

when someone is in danger

the current code of ethics declares that therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent

when the client or another person is threatened

Of the following, those LEAST likely to experience specific phobias are:

white American males

If you wanted to tailor a suicide prevention program to the racial group MOST at risk, of the following, you should target which of the following:

white americans

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:

who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:

why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:

why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.

Of the following, the BEST description of the "avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder" is:

worrying serves to reduce bodily arousal

People suffering from clinical depression are most likely to benefit form which of the following medications

zoloft

A friend says, "I'm going to get some therapy to help reduce my headaches. What do you suggest?" Based on current research on the effectiveness of treatments for stress-related physical disorders, your BEST answer would be:

"A combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy works better than any therapy by itself."

Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice?

"Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards."

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

"Better safe than sorry."

"What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?" a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is:

"Drugs generally work best."

Of the following alternatives, what would be the BEST advice to give someone who wants to retain good cognitive functioning as long as possible in old age?

"Exercise your body and your mind—use it or lose it."

A young woman who formerly had a fairly high sex drive, and who reports no new medical problems, nonetheless experiences an unexpected drop in sex drive. What would be an important question to ask her, before recommending some sort of psychotherapy?

"Have you recently started taking birth control pills?"

Humanistic Theories

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would most likely be offered by:

A friend says to you, "I know someone who is a combat veteran who was just diagnosed with PTSD. Do you think therapy will help this person?" Which of the following is the BEST answer you can give based on current research?

"Probably---about two-thirds of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement."

A friend asks you, "You're taking an abnormal psychology course; what's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" Your BEST research-based answer is:

"The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, and longer, than the best drug therapy."

a positive correlation

"The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat." If it is true, this statement expresses:

"Isn't the ABAB design pretty much a case study?" asks a friend of yours in this class. Your BEST answer would be:

"They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity."

A friend says, "If we could just eliminate combat traumas, we could eliminate a great deal of posttraumatic stress disorder." Of the following choices, your MOST accurate answer would be:

"Yes—although civilian trauma causes many more cases of PTSD than combat trauma does."

"The therapist wants me to imagine scenes where I was in combat and imagine them like I was there. I don't want to do that! How can this possibly help me?" Which of the following is the BEST answer you can give to a combat veteran who says this?

"Your therapist is suggesting an effective form of exposure called 'flooding.'"

A friend says, "I feel like I'm stressed out and sick all the time. What kind of person is least likely to have an immune system messed up like mine?" Your BEST answer is:

"an optimist who is highly spiritual"

In Addington v. Texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. As a result, the standard for committing a person was revised to:

"clear and convincing" proof that the individual is mentally ill

Your abnormal-psychology instructor asks in class, "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?" Confidently (and accurately), you reply:

"exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs."

which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship?

-.06

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X AND Y is:

-.88

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is:

-.88

About what percentage of defendants in the United States are found not guilty by reason of insanity in a typical year?

0.25 percent

about what percentage of defendants in the US are found not guilty by reason of insanity in a typical year

1 in 400 (.25%)

What percentage of the world population is estimated to have schizophrenia?

1 percent

About what proportion of the US population experiences insomnia in a given year?

1/4

Surveys suggest that about what proportion of adults in the US receive psychological therapy in a typical year?

1/5

What percentage of children and adolescents in North America suffer from a diagnosable psychological disorder?

1/5

Approximately 1 in _______ children are born with phenylketonuria (PKU).

14,000

The peak age for oneset of anorexia nervosa is

14-18

Modern studies suggest that the average number of sunpersonalities in cases of multiple personality in women is about

15 and lower for men

what proportion of mental patients assault another patient during hospitalization

15%

to be classified as a major depressive episode, i must last at least

2 weeks

IQ score below _____ would indicate profound retardation.

Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a:

200-pound woman who had drunk six cans of beer.

What proportion of mental patients assault another patient during hospitalization?

25 percent

what is the rate of assault for people who display a substance-abuse disorder

25% or more

Symptoms associated with autism typically appear before the age of:

As many as ________ percent of elderly people will eventually wind up being placed in a nursing home.

What percentage of all prescription drugs are purchased by elderly people?

Surveys find that approximately _________ percent of older people, particularly men, have alcohol-related disorders in a given year.

4 to 7

how likely are women to use a gun to commit suicide

40%

the total economic cost of psycholigcal disorders, including substance abuse, in the US is closes to:

400 billion

...how many axes?

According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many "supertraits," or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality?

At any given time in the United States, only about _____ percent of the elderly population actually live in nursing homes.

As many as ________ percent of people over the age of 85 will develop some form of neurocognitive disorder.

As many as ___ percent of schoolchildren diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are boys.

In addition to having an IQ score of approximately _____ or below, to be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder a person must have poor adaptive behavior.

patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem on average experience improvement greater than do___ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment

75 percent

the standard for "clear and convincing proof" according to the US supreme court is

75% certainty the criteria has been met

What percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder are boys?

People over ___ represent the fastest-growing segment of the population in the United States and in most countries around the world.

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is most unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis? A) her age B) her ethnicity C) her gender D) her socioeconomic background

conversion disorder

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robber her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms my be psychological. The diagnosis would be:

the "typical" child who commits suicide is a

A boy who knows what death is

Self-Hypnosis

A child in an extremely abusive family situation often seems to become deaf to the verbal abuse, and insensitive to the physical abuse, as if the child simply wasn't there experiencing the abuse. One explanation of this behavior is:

Condition stimulus

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is a

Systematic desensitization

A client in a totally relaxed state vividly imagines formerly anxiety-arousing situations without feeling any lingering anxiety. Most likely, that client has just completed what type of therapy

Switching

A client who is talking calmly and rationally all of a sudden begins whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from true multiple personality disorder, the client just experienced:

syndrome

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

A cognitive theorist would be most likely to say which of the following about hysterical disorders? A) The patient is being rewarded for behaving in this way. B) The patient is unable to express any emotion except anxiety. C) The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions. D) The patient is receiving secondary gain from the symptoms.

Social Learning Theory

A college student studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking beer. According to some theorists, the student would later do better on his history exam if he also had alcohol in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on:

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for a stress disorder would be likely to experience all of the following except: A) antipsychotic medication. B) family therapy. C) rap groups. D) exposure therapy.

a serotonergic antidepressant, family therapy, exposure therapy

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder would be likely to receive which of the following treatments?

which of the following does not characterize stress disorders

A compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the even

we can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if we know a persons stress level

A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness. From this study, we know that:

what is a parasuicide

A failed attempt to commit suicide

a good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it's like

A flash flood

hypothesis

A friend says to you, "I just think the Red Sox win more games on Tuesdays than on any other day." Although your friend's statement is not very scientific, it is a __________:

A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it's like: A) a roller coaster—up and down, up and down. B) a meteorite—a sudden burst of energy that's quickly gone. C) a power plant's output—steady, regular energy being produced. D) a flash flood—spreading out wherever there's room for it to go.

A Phobia

A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called:

A man diagnosed with major depressive disorder exhibited his first diagnosable symptoms when he was about 40 years old. Among those experiencing major depressive disorder, his case is: A) common: most people with this diagnosis are men in their early to mid 40s. B) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their early to mid 40s. C) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are men in their mid to late 20s. D) very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s.

A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called ______ disorder. A) dysthymic B) anhedomic C) cyclothymic D) anxiety

Munchausen syndrome by proxy

A mother brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that the mother caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, to bring her to a doctor's attention. If this assessment is true, the mother would be diagnosed as having:

Localized Amnesia

A mother is held up at knifepoint and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually, her son is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of:

The thematic apperception test

A patient looks at a series of black-and-white picture, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:Â

A patient who treats severe pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensations, but remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in: A) cognitive therapy. B) biofeedback. C) hypnosis. D) mindful meditation.

A patient with chronic inflammation throughout his body most likely also has: A) high levels of C-reactive protein. B) a low level of cytokines. C) poor diet and exercise habits. D) an immune system that is functioning well.

acute stress disorder

A patter of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

A factitious disorder

A person appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. When examined further, it was found that the person was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. This person is most likely experiencing:

A person diagnosed with a dissociative disorder has recovered almost completely, even though the person had not received any therapy. That person was least likely to have been diagnosed with: A) dissociative amnesia. B) malingering. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) dissociative fugue.

Hypertension

A person feels well rested during the day, does not have burning sensations in the stomach, and appears to have normal breathing function. If you are told this person has a psychophysiological disorder, your best guess about what the disorder is would be:

clinical researcher

A person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a:

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible respects is displaying: A) metaworry. B) irrational assumption. C) compulsion. D) condition of worth.

generalized anxiety disorder

A person who constantly feels upset and nervous, so much that it interferes with work is experiencing a(n):Â

Stress Response

A person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive:

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal deficits. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal role dispute.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong is experiencing:

What is a recidivist?

A person who is arrested who has a record of previous arrest.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A person who is excessively concerned about genital odors and the shape and look of the genitals is most likely experiencing:

Free-Floating Anxiety

A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is

A person who sees life in "right or wrong" "all or none" terms is engaging in: A) dichotomous thinking. B) hopelessness. C) psychache. D) blaming.

the person has changed from one subpersonality to another

A person with dissociative identity disorder has just experienced "switching." Which of the following most likely has happened?

Re-experiencing the traumatic event

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is:

The term "eugenics" refers to which of the following?

A political policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing.

A professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order is experiencing a(n): A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) phobia. C) panic disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order is experiencing:

A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. She thinks that this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an explicit and overt manner. She is sure this underlying conflict explains her client's: A) fugue state. B) schizophrenia. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A psychodynamic theorist would use repression as the chief explanation for all dissociative disorders except: A) dissociative identity disorder. B) dissociative amnesia. C) A psychodynamic theorist would use repression as the chief explanation for dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, and dissociative amnesia. D) dissociative fugue.

case study

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so his behavior is better understood. This study is a:

case study

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so that the behavior is better understood. This study is a(n):

food deprivation

A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. She food deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers for one day and fed the other half normally. She then administered the MMPI-2 to all the participants. What was the independent variable?

eccentric

A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but doesn't interfere with others' lives. The best description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

Physical

A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) humanistic therapy. D) cognitive therapy.

A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture? A) deprivation B) physical C) sexual D) psychological

A young man whose father and uncle committed suicide at about his age also commits suicide. Which explanation of suicide most easily explains the young man's suicide? A) sociocultural B) immediate trigger C) biological D) psychodynamic

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for posttramatic stress disorder would be likely to receive which of the following?

A, B, & C are correct

is a participants self stimulation is observed punished observed again without punishment, and punished again the design is an

ABAB reversal

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be diagnosed with:

ASD

About how many suicides are committed annually in the United States? A) 30,000 B) 120,000 C) 10,000 D) 700,000

About what proportion of the normal population become irritated if forced to depart from their normal routine? A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%

oral stage

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:

super ego

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that is the conscience is the:

Defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.

According to Freud, generalized anxiety disorder is most likely to result when:

reflect our unconscious desires and needs

According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is true regarding dreams

in terms of their DSM diagnostic catergorization, which of the following paris belong together.

Acute stress disorder an post traumatic stressdisorder

social support

After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often, and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident, relates to ________ as a factor in her response to the stress.

which is true about alcohol use and suicide

All are true

interference with episodic memory

All cases of dissociative amnesia generally involve:

All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, except that it: A) also alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree. B) is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms. C) appears to help prevent relapse. D) interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

All of the following are true about hypnosis, except: A) hypnotized subjects adhere to their usual values. B) you can be hypnotized during exercise. C) subjects can say "no" or stop hypnosis. D) hypnosis involves a sleep-like state.

Which of the following is not a problem with the DSM-5 categories of personality disorders?

All of the personality disorders are seen more in men than in women, suggesting a bias in diagnostic criteria.

The most common form of neurocognitive disorder is:

Alzheimer's disease.

the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-IV-TR) was developed by:

American Psychiatric Association

if a person experiencing severe paranoid delusions committed a crime while saying, "I know this is wrong and i shouldn't be doing it", that person would be eligible for an insanity defense under the

American law institute test

Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following except: A) psychiatric medication that allows more students with serious problems to go to college. B) a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors. C) burnout from the competitive admissions process. D) excessive pressure to do well and get into a top college

Ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychosocial causes.

An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:

some people do not benefit from drug treatments

An important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that:

An increase in which emotion is most often linked to suicide? A) anger B) guilt C) anxiety D) sadness

A fairly sudden ending to the dissociative fugue state

An individual who had suffered from dissociative fugue likely would have experienced all of the following except:

Psychogenic

An otherwise "normal" person during hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?

Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. This may mean that the disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter: A) GABA. B) dopamine. C) acetylcholine. D) norepinephrine.

Approximately ______ of people with one anxiety disorder are likely to experience at least one more anxiety disorder. A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%

nomothetic

As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is:

When a graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experiences, they are engaging in

Assessment

At a suicide prevention center, you hear the following from the counselor: "Hello. I am interested in you as a person and am going to stay on the phone with you as long as you want—all night, maybe." Which one of the goals and techniques does it best represent? A) understanding and clarifying the problem B) establishing a positive relationship C) formulating a plan D) assessing suicide potential

At what point is distress the greatest after a rape? A) within one week after the assault B) immediately after the assault C) more than several months after the assault D) within one month after the assault

mental retardation is found in the ______ axis of the DSM-IV-TR.

Axis II

any relevant general medical condition

Axis III includes:

Racine has recently broken up with her boyfriend and at the same time lost her job. which axis of DSM-IV-TR would these factors be included under?

Axis IV

any relevant psychosocial or environmental problem

Axis IV includes:

self efficacy

Bandura: the belief that one can master & perform needed behaviors whenever necessary

Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney's behavior?

Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs.

Based on the research to date, a cancer patient has the best shot at overcoming the disease by: A) raging against the unfairness of this happening in the first place. B) letting control of medical treatment rest solely in the hands of those who are most knowledgeable about the disease. C) trying to remain cool, calm, and collected, and not getting angry about having cancer. D) accepting that your thoughts about the disease don't matter since only medical procedures have a bearing on cancer recovery.

of the following alternatives, which is usually the best advice you could give someone with bipolar disorder.

Be equally concerned about mania and depression. They occur about equally often and last about equally long

face validity

Because people who are manic have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has:

if a patient is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the patient is most likely being treated by a follower of:

Beck

Which of the following terms, which has come to mean "a chaotic uproar" derived its name from a London hospital where mentally ill patients were treated in horrendous ways?

Bedlam

deviant and criminal

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

Is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.

Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:

The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the US was:

Benjamin Rush

Only acute stress disorder requires dissociative symptoms.Â

Besides their time course, in what other major way do acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder differ?

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder center on all of the following except: A) neurotransmitter activity. B) sodium ion activity. C) hormonal functioning. D) genetic factors.

people who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a

Body dysmorphic disorder

What do obsessions and compulsions have in common?

Both are used to deal with or ward off anxiety

Which of the following is TRUE about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorders?

Both drug treatments and cognitive treatments are effective

the technique that uses Xrays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static pictures of the structure of the brain is called:

CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)

Carlos died by intentionally stepping in front of a bullet that was intended for another young man, for whom Carlos, as head of a platoon of soldiers in the Persian Gulf War, was responsible. Durkheim would call this an example of: A) anomic suicide. B) imitative suicide. C) egoistic suicide. D) altruistic suicide.

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

the 19th century physician who argued that hysterical disorders were the result of degeneration in portions of the brain was:

Charcot

Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate?

Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

College students who are so anxious that they can't function unless their clothes are arranged by color and type in their closets are experiencing a(n):

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

Compulsions help people control their obsessions

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the relationship between eyewitness testimony and how it is used in the legal system?

Confident witnesses are more likely to be believed, but are probably no more accurate

Conversion disorder

the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables

Correlation coefficients indicate:

they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting

Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

someone who can tell you exactly how many ceiling tiles there are in each classroom and how many peoples names were in the credits of the movie he watched last night is exhibiting a

Counting compulsion

__________ has been found to be caused by a slow-acting virus, and this has lent some weight to the viral theory of schizophrenia.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as

Cyclothymic disorders

ambivalent about dying, jay repeatedly played a dangerous game involving gas and a cigarette lighter. Jay is an example of what shneidman refers to as a

Death darer

Sylvia shot herself by placing the gun barrel in her mouth, in the middle of a dense woods, where she knew she wouldn't be heard or found. Sylvia is an example of what shneidman refers to as a

Death seeker

The MOST accurate of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the aftermath of a disaster (based on research studies) is:

Debriefing doesn't work too well; it might even make victims worse.

in 1995, 600,000 people were in public mental health institutions in the US. since 1955, the number of institutionalized persons has:

Decreased

Dysfunction

Definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively.

_____________ , which helps clients increase their ability to tolerate distress, learn new social skills, and respond more effectively to life situations, is considered the treatment of choice in many clinical circles for borderline personality disorder.

Dialectical behavioral therapy

psychological disorders affecting medical conditionsÂ

Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are:

which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part.

Dissociative disorder

Have Numerous Recurrences

Dissociative fugues usually:

a clinician says, "I've studied the literature carefully, and I really doubt the legitimacy of that particular diagnositic category." The "particular diagnostic category" to which that clinician refers probably is

Dissociative identity disorder

Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description best fits a(n): A) acute stress disorder. B) phobia. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

The Boston schoolteacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America was:

Dorothea Dix

the american schoolteacher who lobbied state legistlautres for law to mandate human treatment of people with mental disorders was:

Dorothea Dix

The most common of the chromosomal disorders leading to intellectual developmental disorder is:

Down Syndrome

conducted on unstructed interviewÂ

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. After she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr, Martin has just:

conducted an unstructed interview.Â

antipsychotics

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:

antipsychotics

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:Â

Psychotropics

Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are?

pat who was drunk as a skunk, got into a bar fight and killed his opponent. which legal test would most likely be used to find him not guilty by reason of insanity

Durham test

suffering from headaches, alcoholism, and ulcers would make one eligible for an insanity defense under the

Durham test

the version of the insanity defense that declares that a person can not be held responsible for his or her actions if they were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the

Durham test

tony killed the guy he was fighting with. at his trial he claimed that he did not know what he was doing because he was drunk. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty be reason of insanity

Durham test

Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects current trends in civil commitment?

During the 1960s and 1970s, involuntary commitment regulations and standards were made stricter

Preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance.

Dysmorphophobia is a somatoform disorder characterized by:

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive: A) insulin. B) oxygen to prevent memory loss. C) anesthetics. D) higher levels of current.

Electroconvulsive therapy would be most legitimately recommended when: A) suicide is not judged to be a significant risk. B) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs. C) the patient first comes to therapy. D) depression is mild to moderate.

the german researcher who argued that physical factors may cause mental dysfunction, and who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behaviors, was:

Emil Kraepelin

A Panic Disorder

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of:

Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a: A) psychodynamic theorist. B) behaviorist. C) cognitive theorist. D) biologist.

The major ethical concern with research on Facebook users is:

Facebook users don't always know they are being studied

Munchausen syndrome is a ___ disorder.

Factitious

fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

Fear differs from anxiety in that: A) fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. B) anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. C) anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate threat. D) anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague.

Which of the following statements about intellectual developmental disorder is not true?

Fewer than 10 percent of all people with even mild mental retardation eventually marry.

Which one of the following statements about the use of antidepressants, such as Xanax, to treat a panic disorder is MOST accurate?

For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even when symptoms are lessened

Which one of the following statements about the use of antidepressants, such as Xanax, to treat a panic disorder is MOST accurate?

For the drugs to be effective, one has to keep taking them, even when symptoms are lessened.

psychodynamic model

Freud & Jung: based on belief that a person's behavior is determined largely by unconscious influences on behavior; belief in underlying needs, desires, impulses; belief in the psychosexual stages; catharsis

what is the least common mood disorder

Full manic episodes with no depressive episodes

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of __________ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

GABA

Benzodiazepines primarily affect the neurotransmitter:

GABA

Which of the following is NOT a form of neuroimaging?

GSR (MRI, PET and CAT scan are)

retrospective analysis involves

Gathering information about a suicide victim's past

African-Americans than in white Americans

Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in:

Generalized anxiety disorder is more common: A) in African Americans than in white Americans. B) in men than in women. C) years after rather than immediately after traumatic events. D) in wealthy people than in poor people.

Emil Kraepelin

German researcher who argued that physical factors may cause mental dysfunction, and developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behaviors, was

Gwendolyn is held up at knifepoint and her young son is kidnapped. Eventually, her son is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events that occurred since the attack, although she remembers some new experiences; worse still, she finds that she is forgetting events that occurred even before the attack. This is a classic example of: A) generalized amnesia. B) selective amnesia. C) localized amnesia. D) continuous amnesia.

Having frequent headaches is a(n) ______ symptom of depression. A) physical B) emotional C) behavioral D) motivational

It is estimated that by the year 2050, _________ will make up the largest number of elderly ethnic minorities.

Hispanic Americans

one distinction that DSM-IV-TR makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on

How long the anxiety symptoms last

___________ is an inherited progressive disease in which memory problems worsen over time, along with personality changes, mood difficulties, and movement problems such as severe twitching and spasms.

Huntington's disease

Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among white Americans. If someone believes this is because African Americans are more likely to live in dangerous areas, work at unsatisfying jobs, and suffer discrimination, one is emphasizing the role of ______ factors in the development of the disorder. A) interactive B) biological C) sociocultural D) psychological

I have just arrived in a city where I know no one, and English is not spoken by very many people. I feel as though my mind is separating from my body, that I am actually observing myself do things. What I am experiencing is: A) posttraumatic stress disorder. B) temporary depersonalization. C) transient posttraumatic distress. D) depersonalization disorder.

Which is the most correct statement about IQ scores?

IQ scores have a high correlation with school performance.

Immediately, and is short-term.

Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:

Irrational Assumptions

If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying basic:

Which of the following reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?

If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated

Enmeshed

If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that they do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be

internal validity

If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control patterns in drinking among participants, the study would have low:

Somatization Disorder

If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be:

Antidepressant drug

If a person is very unhappy, the condition is chronic and severe, and the psychiatrist prescribed medication, it would likely be

Hypochondriasis

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:

hypochondriasis

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect: A) body dysmorphic disorder. B) hypochondriasis. C) somatization. D) pain disorder associated with psychological factors.

Psychosomatic Disorder

If a physician believes that a patient's disorder is due to hidden needs, repression, or reinforcement, then the patient may receive a diagnosis of:

If a professor had the notion that there were germs lurking everywhere, on papers students handed in, on books checked out of the library, on the chalk left by the previous teacher, the professor would be experiencing: A) obsessive wishes. B) obsessive ideas. C) obsessive images. D) obsessive doubt.

If a study showed that both monozygotic and dizygotic twins ran about a 10% chance of having unipolar depression if their twin had unipolar depression, this would provide: A) very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. B) moderate support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. C) strong support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. D) near-certain support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.

longitudinal

If researchers studied Vietnam veterans for 30 years after their return, the study would be:

longitudinal

If researches studied Vietnam veterans fro 30 years after their return, the study would be:

If the psychodynamic explanation for suicide is correct, then suicide rates should: A) be lower in those who experienced actual (real) loss as children. B) increase in a nation which is at war. C) be lower in those who experienced symbolic loss as children. D) be higher in nations with low murder rates.

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing: A) role transition therapy. B) behavioral marital therapy. C) psychoeducational therapy. D) premarital instructional therapy.

Unconditional self-regard

If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed

If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research on the causes of bipolar disorders as we understand them today, you would most likely do research on which of the following? A) learned helplessness B) the "cognitive triad" C) parent-child patterns of interaction D) neurotransmitters in the brain

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n): A) increase in energy and creativity. B) insulin-induced coma. C) reuptake of serotonin. D) brain seizure.

a nomothetic understanding

If you were using the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking:

Which of the following is NOT a concern that would call into question the reliability of clinical interviews?

Impressions formed on these interviews may not predict future outcomes.

is as close as possible to all points in the graph

In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit:

In research on the relationship between serotonin and suicide, serotonin seems most related to: A) introversion. B) aggression. C) selfishness. D) shame.

In the "permissive theory" of mood disorders, low ______ activity opens the door to a mood disorder and permits other neurotransmitters to define the form of the disorder. A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine C) serotonin D) lithium

Schizophrenia

In the past, dissociative identity disorder was most likely "misdiagnosed" as:

What is the most correct statement about anxiety disorders in later life?

Individuals over 85 report higher rates of the disorder than those between 65 and 84.

which of the following is an example of malingering

Intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service

Why is Asperger's disorder no longer a diagnosis?

It is now diagnosed under the autism spectrum disorder or communication disorder label.

Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.

If you were taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, you could expect that:

It would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if you stopped the medication

Based on current research, what is the BEST conclusion about the cause of acute and posttraumatic stress disorders? Is nature or nurture more responsible for these disorders?

It's probably an interaction. Both nature and nurture are important.

Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at least five symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on these data, the diagnosis would be: A) postpartum depression. B) reactive depression. C) exogenous depression. D) endogenous depression.

Juan is a loner and an atheist. He does what he wants and is alienated from others. He feels life isn't worth living and kills himself. According to Durkheim, he would be classified as an: A) imitative suicide. B) altruistic suicide. C) anomic suicide. D) egoistic suicide.

Judith is currently experiencing a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to go to work and to take care of her children. It has lasted now for three weeks, and she has experienced similar episodes in the past. What type of major depression would she most likely be diagnosed with? A) seasonal B) catatonic C) recurrent D) melancholic

Karl Menninger has distinguished a category called chronic suicide, in which people's actions lead to their own deaths. People in this category: A) behave in life-endangering ways over an extended period of time. B) actively and intently pursue the means to their death and are committed to completing the act. C) repeatedly try to commit suicide, but are in fact calling for help. D) do not believe that their self-inflicted death will mean the end of their existence.

Knowing she was terminally ill, Bonnie swallowed a handful of barbiturates in order to save herself and her family from the final painful months of life. Bonnie is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a: A) death initiator B) death darer C) death ignorer D) death seeker

__________ is associated with chronic alcoholism.

Korsakoff's syndrome

Tomas has a normal IQ, but demonstrates complete impairment of new learning. He also confabulates when asked to provide information about recent events. Tomas most likely is suffering from:

Korsakoff's syndrome.

Media coverage that included the "Don't do it" message, phone numbers for suicide prevention centers, and interviews with suicide experts, occurred after the suicide of:

Kurt Cobain

posttraumatic stress disorders

Last longer than a month

harsh and cruel

Late in the period of overcrowded and under-funded asylums, treatment tended to be:

generalized anxiety disorder

Leila always feels threatened and anxious--imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:

________ is associated with the theory that personality characteristics of the parents were the cause of autism.

Leo Kanner

Those MOST likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001:

Lived near New York City

cleaning or checking compulsionsÂ

Long-term studies of those with obsessive-compulsive disorder show that obsessive thoughts in many cases eventually lead to:

"I'm sorry I did that. I didn't know it was wrong," is MOST consistent with the:

M'Naghten rule

in response to a recommendation by the american psychiatric association, current federal practice is most like the

M'Naughtear test

the test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the:

MMPI

which of the following tests is a personality inventory?

MMPI-2

Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that:

MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.

Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that: A) acceptance and commitment therapy is outdated and no longer useful. B) therapy needs to be individualized, not delivered in a group setting. C) negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated. D) Beck's approach to therapy should continue to be followed without modification.

Mary Ann experiences a mugging and robbery in which her prized poodle is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However, she is unable to recall events immediately following the attack, up until the safe return of the dog. This is a classic example of: A) localized amnesia. B) continuous amnesia. C) selective amnesia. D) generalized amnesia.

Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output from a heat-sensitive device on her fingers. She simply tried to make the dial go up. This is a form of: A) meditation. B) cognitive intervention. C) relaxation training. D) biofeedback training.

hysterical

Mesmer became famous--or infamous-- for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed:Â

Synapses

Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called

Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as ______ disorders. A) hypomanic-depressive B) dysthymic C) cyclothymic D) manic-depressive

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A) has not received much support at all in therapy applications. B) receives support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating generalized anxiety disorder. C) receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder. D) is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability.

The only test among the following that is not a projective test is the

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as 'hypochondrasis' and psychopathic deviate is the

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

More women than men experience all of the following anxiety disorders except: A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) panic disorder. D) specific phobia.

Which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager

Which of the following statements about rape is MOST accurate?

Most rape victims are young

when all of the subpersonalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a

Mutually cognizant pattern

Which of the following statements regarding suicide is TRUE?

Native Americans have the highest suicide rate of any racial group in the United States.

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?

No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.

Which of the following is true regarding the "four Ds" of abnormality?

None of the "four Ds" is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality.

random assigment

Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ______ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation.

Which of the following BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization?

Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street.

a professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave test in that same order is experiencing a

OCD

more women that men experience all of the following anxiety disorders except

OCD

Obesity and lack of exercise have been linked most closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders? A) ulcers B) coronary heart disease C) muscle contraction headaches D) asthma

Object relations therapists use: A) flooding to prompt patients to reexperience traumatic events. B) psychodynamic techniques to help patients work through childhood relationship problems. C) cognitive therapy to help patients identify their maladaptive patterns of thinking. D) sociocultural analysis of one's environment to understand generalized anxiety.

A clinician who is not up-to-date uses the term "excessive behaviors" to describe a category of disorder. According to the DSM-5, that category is now called:

Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

those with dissociative fugue travel

Of the following alternatives, which is best for differentiating dissociative amnesia from dissociative fugue?

Of the following alternatives, which is usually the best advice you could give someone with bipolar disorder? A) "Be especially concerned about the mania; that's a lot more common than the depression." B) "Be especially concerned about the depression; that's a lot more common than the mania." C) "Be equally concerned about mania and depression; they occur about equally often, and last about equally long." D) "Don't worry too much; most people with bipolar disorder stop having mood episodes, even without therapy."

uncommon disorder

Of the following examples of case studies, the one MOST likely to be helpful in the study of abnormality would be a case study including a well-tested, research-supported form of therapy used to treat a:

Often those who respond to stress with a set of positive attitudes are less negatively affected by the stress, demonstrating what researchers call: A) the Rebound Effect. B) low perceived self-control. C) hardiness or resiliency. D) angst.

Which of the following is true of older women and men?

Older women outnumber older men by 3 to 2,

It cannot explain why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that:

Psychiatrists went to medical school

One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is...

external validity

One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of:

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called: A) flooding. B) modeling. C) implosive therapy. D) systematic desensitization.

One study showed that playing with a Game Boy prior to surgery was _______ in relaxing young patients. A) less effective than holding their parents' hands B) effective in girls but not boys C) more effective than antianxiety drugs D) not effective at all

clients

One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as:

psychosexual stages of development

Oral: 0 - 18 months Anal: 18 months - 3 years Phallic: 3 - 5 years Latency: 5 - 12 years Genital: 12 - adulthood

identity

Our expectations, values, and sense of who we are and where we fit in society from our:

Surveys suggest that about what percent of female rape victims in the United States are teenagers or younger?

Over 70 percent

Lisa Mosconi and her colleagues at the New York University School of Medicine have developed a special type of ___________ that may predict neurocognitive disorder and Alzheimer's disease before symptoms develop.

PET scan

The most common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual developmental disorder is:

PKU

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that persist for years after a horrible event is called

PTSD

Systematic Desensitization

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder it is probably a

Panic attack

a person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong is experiencing a

Panic disorder

_______ is a slowly progressive neurological disorder marked by tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness.

Parkinson's disease

State mental hospitals

Part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix

Type A personalityÂ

People who are consistently anger, impatient, competitive, driven, and ambitious are displaying a ______ and are at greater risk for heart disease.Â

Cognitive Intervention

People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on the end of the pain, and by remembering that they have gotten through it before, are most likely to have received which of the following therapies?

body dysmorphic disorder

People who become preoccupied with some imagine or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a:

People who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a: A) conversion disorder. B) body dysmorphic disorder. C) somatization disorder. D) hypochondriacal disorder

illness anxiety disorder

People who fear that the slightest change in their physical state is an indication of serious illness suffer from:

who of the following is most at risk for suicide

People with schizophrenia

an intense persistent and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with thte life of the person is called

Phobia disorder

Which of the following statements accurately reflects what we know from recent studies?

Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical conditioning.

Which of the following diseases involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes?

Pick's disease

What is the distiction of Bethlehem Hospital founded in London in 1547?

Popularly called "Bedlam", it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients

Last longer than a month

Posttraumatic stress disorders:

Preoccupation somatoform disorders are typically explained by therapists in much the same way as ______ disorders are. A) mood B) anxiety C) substance abuse D) schizophrenic

Prevention

Primary focus of the community treatment approach to abnormality

The model of abnormality that focuses on uncontentious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

Psychodynamic model

A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture?

Psychological

According to studies regarding pscyhological disorders and prisoners, which statement is MOST accurate?

Psychological disorders are more common in prison populations than in the general population

According to studies regarding psychological disorders and prisoners, which statement is MOST accurate?

Psychological disorders are more common in prison populations than in the general population.

In the past 20 years or so, how has the authority of psychologists and psychiatrists to make decisions about things such as admitting patients and prescribing medication changed?

Psychologists have been granted some authority previously held only by psychiatrists

Which of the following statements about the long-term effects of rape on women is MOST accurate?

Rape impacts a woman's psychological and physical health

posttraumatic stress disorder

Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he has had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a:

Incidence

Rate of occurrence in a disease that develop in a certain time period.

Cope better with life stresses than nonreligious people

Recent research on the role of religion in mental health shows that religious people who view God as warm and caring

Relaxation training, biofeedback, meditation, and hypnosis all illustrate the use of: A) combinations of physical and psychological treatments. B) insight and social support therapies. C) physical treatments for psychological illnesses. D) psychological treatments for physical illnesses.

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to: A) overdoses of antipsychotic drugs. B) voices commanding them to kill themselves. C) feelings of demoralization. D) feeling of invincibility.

Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Researchers have not found a specific link between the two disorders.

his definition of suicide, schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it

Results from depression or emotional distress

Humanistic Model

Rogers & Maslow: emerged in the 1960s; emphasis on people as friendly, cooperative, & constructive, focus on drive to self actualization; emphasizes free will; believed that people are innately good.

Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?

Rogers's client-centered theory

panic attack

Rosa's heart was racing from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:Â

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is most likely to recommend treatment with: A) imipramine. B) lithium. C) tranquilizers. D) ECT.

facticious disorder

Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, to bring her to a doctor's attention. If this assessment is true, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:

Which of the following is the MOST common experience for a veteran of the Iraq/Afghanistan wars?

Seeing friends seriously wounded or killed

"many people are not away of the sources of their abnormality, because abnormality often arises from unconscious psychological processes; such people need insight about those processes." Who would agree most strongly with this statement?

Sigmund Freud

Based on recent research, it can be concluded that the impact of repeated combat deployments:

Significantly increases one's risk of developing PTSD

steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. He would most likely be diagnosed with

Social phobia

Order or balance compulsion.

Someone who is anxious unless her books are perfectly lined up on her desk and who must eat the food on her plate in a balanced order is exhibiting a:

Studies show that less than 10% of people who experience major losses become depressed. This finding provides what level of support for a psychodynamic explanation of depression? A) almost none—about 10% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year B) some—about 5% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year C) strong—about 2% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year D) very strong—only about 1% of adults in the U.S. experience some level of clinical depression each year

Which of the following is not true about suicide?

Suicide is more often associated with Alzheimer's than with depression.

Suicide prevention centers: A) are hospitals for those who have attempted suicide. B) may deliver services over the phone using paraprofessionals. C) are declining in number in the United States. D) are run on the AA model, using suicide survivors.

Surveys show that in the U.S., the typical female victim of rape: A) is tested for HIV, and has long-term health problems. B) is not tested for HIV, and has no long-term health problems. C) is tested for HIV, and has no long-term health problems. D) is not tested for HIV, and has long-term health problems.

Suzanne is told that if she does not increase her work output significantly in the next week, she will be fired. According to Selye, her immediate reaction to this news is likely to be: A) collapse. B) alarm. C) exhaustion. D) resistance.

in resoponse to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the

Sympathetic nervous system

According to the DSM-5, all but which of the following may be a part of a diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer's Disease?

Symptoms must contain behavioral difficulties.

phobias

Systematic desensitization has been shown to especially effective in the treatment of:

Which of the following BEST supports the idea that teenagers who attempt suicide are more uncertain about killing themselves than elderly people are?

Teenagers succeed at suicide only in about 1 in 200 attempts.

Which of the following would be the MOST common type of hallucination?

That dog is singing to me and asking me to sing along. (auditory)

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger

The Four D's of Psychological Abnormalities

The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle.

The ______ operates in accord with the pleasure principle.Â

norepinephrineÂ

The anxiety response associated with the stress disorders is mediated by which neurotransmitter?Â

mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

What is the primary distinction between the beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder and someone with paranoid schizophrenia?

The beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder are not usually delusional, while the beliefs of someone with paranoid schizophrenia are.

Anxiety medication

The best psychotropic drug for excessive worry would be?

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: A) broad; a number of different therapies work equally well. B) no therapy has been shown to be effective. C) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. D) complex, due to conflicting experimental results.

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder?

The child is not responsive to other people.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is most likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of:

The child of the person experiencing it

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: A) have relatives who are atypically anxious. B) are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. C) misinterpret bodily sensations. D) experience more stress than average.

The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called: A) conjoint ego analysis. B) chemo-behavioral treatment. C) sociodynamic training. D) adjunctive psychotherapy.

the rights of animals vs their usefulness in understanding human problems

The controversy regarding research with animals centers on:

The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is: A) the number of depressive and manic episodes. B) the severity of the manic episodes. C) the number of depressive episodes. D) the seasonal variation in the episodes

The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for unipolar depression is limited because: A) very few depressed people have experienced a real or imagined (symbolic) loss. B) depressed patients may not have the energy to engage in a verbal approach that depends on the development of insight. C) it lasts for a shorter amount of time than other therapies giving patients less time to make progress. D) psychodynamic therapists do not believe that they are able to evaluate whether their patients are making progress or not.

norms

The explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

The fact that very angry people are not significantly more suicidal than other people argues most strongly against which explanation for suicide? A) psychodynamic B) modeling C) sociocultural D) biological

Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Which of the following would be a part of your paradigm?

The family-social perspective

Abnormal Psychology

The field devoted to the scientific study of abnormal behavior to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

Establish a contract with the subpersonalities to prevent self-harm

The first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder is typically to:

Johann Weyer

The founder of the modern study of psychopathology.

participant and experimenter expectancies.Â

The function of the double-blind design is the guard against:

The generic term for the white blood cells that react to foreign invaders in the body is: A) helper T-cells. B) killer T-cells. C) lymphocytes. D) antigens.

corticosteroids

The group of hormones that appears to be most involved in arousal and fear reaction are the:

The group that has its highest suicide rate in the 25-34-year-old age range, with a rate of over 20 per 100,000 population, is: A) white American females. B) African American males. C) African American females. D) white American males.

Someone with skin-picking disorder would be LEAST likely to pick skin in which area of the body?

abdomen

one of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that:

abnormal behaviors are learned

Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT:

abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage.

the diathesis-stress model of abnormality emphasizes that:

abnormality arises from an interaction between stress and predisposition

Primary gain

according to the psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms functions to unaccepatble thoughts and conflicts of consciousness. This is called:

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect two neurotransmitters-glutamate and __________ -in the brain.

acetylcholine

imagine that you are a therapist working on the US-mexican border but don't speak spanish. what is proper ethical behavior for you

acknowledge limitations and seek further treatmetn

The phobia most often associated with panic disorder is:

acrophobia

which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder?

actors and certain athletes

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

acute stress disorder

A person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing:

acute stress disorder

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that begin shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called

acute stress disorder

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible even and persists for less than a month is called...

acute stress disorder

a person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks ad is probably experiencing

acute stress disorder

if a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely lacking:

adequate standardization

thanks to recent court emphases, mental patients who are hospitalized are guaranteed the right to

adequate treatment and periodical case reviews

the wyatt v. stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide

adequate treatment to those who were committed involuntarily

According to DSM-5, the most common diagnosis for those receiving outpatient therapy is:

adjustment disorder

defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are most likely to be

admitted for treatment until they are competent to stand trial

Personality disorders typically become recognizable in:

adolescence or early adulthood.

An inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, or anger is a(n) ______ inventory.

affective

an inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, and anger is an _____ inventory.

affective

an inventory that asks about ones level of anxiety, depression or anger is an

affective

Which group has the highest rate of depression?

aged persons who live in nursing homes

In research on the relationship between serotonin and suicide, serotonin seems MOST related to:

aggression

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:

agoraphobia

the phobia most often associated with panic disorders is

agoraphobia

Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is assumed to involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

alarm

surveys show that over 1/3 (33 percent) of americans

all answers are correct

The practice of trephination was probably used for

allow the rease of evil spirits

The practice of trephination was probably used to:

allow the release of evil spirits

the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ...DSM 5 was developed by

american psychiatric association

if you were having marital problems that were affecting your work and your employer made mental health service available to you to deal with those problems, your employer would be providing you with

an EAP (employee assistance program)

If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have:

an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.

a functional analysis involves:

an analysis of how the behaviors are learned and reinforced

Jena is very unhappy. the condition is chronic and severe. if her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be:

an antidepressant

Theory of mind refers to:

an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states.

A man is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. He seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to address problems before they get worse. He is seeking help from:

an employee assistance program

The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:

an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read.

phobic disorder

an intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied be a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called

Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are:

anal regressive

According to Freud, obsessive-compulsive disorders have their origin in the ______ stage of development:

anal.

seligmans study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a____study

analogue

a researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety and decides to study it in rats by conditioning in them the fear of a high pitched noise and then testing the rats reactions with and without the drug this is an example of

analogue experiment

A society that loses its basic family and religious core values, experiences large-scale immigration of people with very different values, and fails to provide meaning for the life of its people is in danger of an increase in what Durkheim calls:

anomic suicide

if your primary symptom is ecessive worry, the best psychotropic drug for you would be

antianxiety medication

a medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other "mood" disorders. the general term for this type of drug is:

antidepressant

the medication MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia is an:

antidepressant drug

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:

antipsychotic drugs

Drugs designed to decrease extreamly confused and distorted thinking are termed

antipsychotics

DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of ___________ personality disorder.

antisocial

People with ___________ personality disorder are sometimes described as "psychopaths" or "sociopaths."

antisocial

a high school bully constantly ignores others' rights, and appears not even to realize that others do have rights. a likely DSM-IV-TR partial diagnosis for this bully would be:

antisocial personality disorder

Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several "successful" proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from:

antisocial personality disorder.

The cluster of "dramatic" personality disorders includes which of the following personality disorders?

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

Research has found that individuals with antisocial personality disorder often seem to experience less___________ than other people, a key ingredient to learning.

anxiety

People who experience a positive event, get excited, breath harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:

anxiety sensitivity

What disorders are best described with classical conditioning?

anxiety: sexual & phobias

Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are:

anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them.

Axis III includes

any relevant general medical condition

Axis IV includes

any relevant general medical conditions

Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders:

appear to work better when used in short-term rather than traditional ways

External Validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study

apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied

Which one of the following is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?

apprehension about being evaluated by others

The dean of academic affairs visits a professor's class as part of a tenure review. At the conclusion of the lecture, the dean exits hurriedly, without saying a word to the professor. The professor, who is prone to depression, concludes, "The dean hated my class so much he was too embarrassed to speak to me." This is an example of a(n):

arbitrary inference.

Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:

are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.

In order to determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to be categorized as a phobia, you could:

ask him if anxiety about snakes interferes with daily living; if he says "yes," he most likely has a phobia

Which has not been associated with helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease?

aspirin

Which of the following would a phrenologist MOST likely have done?

assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head

When graduate schools choose students based on test score, college grades and relevant experience they are engaging in

assessment

when graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in:

assessment

____________ have been said to slow the cognitive decline of people suffering from neurocognitive disorders, while simultaneously enhancing their enjoyment of life.

assisted-living facilities

If the state-dependent learning explanation of dissociative disorders is correct, a person may not remember stressful events because he or she is:

at a different arousal level after the stress is over.

MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live:

at home

Which of the following is not a quality/skill that may shift in a sufferer of borderline personality disorder?

athletic ability

Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate:

attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Andrea Yates, showing symptoms of postpartum psychosis, drowned her five children in 2001. Assuming she was suffering from postpartum psychosis, her actions were:

atypical; less than 10 percent of women with postpartum psychosis harm or attempt to harm their offspring.

Alzheimer's disease can only be diagnosed with certainty by means of a(n):

autopsy

A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis just as that client takes a swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:

aversion therapy

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?

avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established.

Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing:

avoidant personality disorder

huntington's disease, which has psychological as well as physical aspects, results from loss of cells in the:

basal ganglia

your friend says i will trust my first impressions of people even when the first impression is negative. based on research dealing with clinical interviews your best answer would be

be careful the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones may be inaccurate.

If the psychodynamic explanation for suicide is correct, then suicide rates should:

be higher in nations with low murder rates.

One of the MOST frequent reasons for the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients is:

because home caregivers are overwhelmed.

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure;

before birth

The symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder:

begin suddenly

deviant and criminal

behavior that violets legal norms is

"It seems to me that people with illness anxiety disorder simply model what they see others doing." A person with which theoretical view would be MOST likely to say this?

behavioral

"abnormal behaviors--indeed, all behaviors--are acquired though learning." which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?

behavioral

"abnormal" behavior- indeed, all behavior- are acquired through learning. Which model of abnormality does this quote most closely relate

behavioral

"when i was young, i met a large dog. i wasn't afriad of the dog, but as i tried to pet it, the dog snarled and jumped at me. i have been afraid of dogs ever since." a therapist who that this sentence describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning most likely favors which model of abnormality?

behavioral

Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. This is a ______ explanation of conversion symptoms.

behavioral

The therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing with his compulsions, but not his obsessions. In addition, he does "homework" in the form of self-help procedures between therapy sessions. Most likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy?

behavioral

Theory focused on learned responses to the environment is usually described as:

behavioral

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

behavioral

a clinician gathers data about what things might be reinforcing to someone's abnormal behavior. this variety of assessment is called:

behavioral

a patient complains of a phobia. two lines of questioning by the clincian concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. this clincian's orientation is probably:

behavioral

a therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once found pleasurable. these activities are then re-introduced into the patients daily schedule. which of therapy is this

behavioral

abnormal behaviors- indeed, all behaviors- are acquired through learning." which model of abnormality does this quote most closely represent

behavioral

the clinical interviewer most interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation?

behavioral

the model most likely to emphasize the important of one's history of conditioning as the source of depression is the _______ model.

behavioral

which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

behavioral

which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias due to classical conditioning.

behavioral

the clinical interviewer most interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation?

behavioral clinician

the model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:

behavioral model

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:

behavioral therapy for enuresis.

classical conditioning

behaviorist; mental illness is learned through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus resulting in a conditioned response; treatment- exposure therapy

the history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's...

behaviors valued by culture

If you live in a city, you own your home, and you pay taxes, you are LEAST likely to experience which of the following events next year?

being diagnosed with cancer

"Triple jeopardy," as an issue affecting the mental health of the elderly, refers to:

being old, a minority member, and a woman.

Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:

believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

Roger's Humanistic Theory

believes in the basic human need for unconditional positive regard; believed in client centered theory; the therapist does not criticize but gives unconditional support; Very little research to support that it works

* Which of the following drug types increases the activity of GABA?

benzodiazepines

Which of the following medications works primarily by enhancing GABA?

benzodiazepines

if a physician wanted to relieve aniety with a lesser risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician would prescribe:

benzodiazepines

The molecules that are found in sphere-shaped deposits in spaces between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are called:

beta-amyloid protein.

According to current research, using relaxation training to treat generalized anxiety disorder is:

better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation.

At what age does conduct disorder usually appear?

between 7 and 15

people ho are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behavior are experiencing:

binge-eating disorder

Devon is being treated for anxiety, he is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try and reduce muscle tension. this is an example of

bio-feed back training

Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of:

biofeedback training.

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the

biological model

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is...

biological model

the model of abnormality hat cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the:

biological model

if people with unipolar despression were found to have higher levels of cortisol such a finding would support the influnece of the:

biological oreientaion

the recent cases that have increased the patient's right to refuse treatment have focused largely on the right to refuse

biological treatment

The recent cases that have increased the patient's right to refuse treatment have focused largely on the right to refuse:

biological treatments

Apparently tricyclics work by:

blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

People with _________ personality disorder display great instability, major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity.

boderline

people who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from?

body dysmorphic disorder

Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with:

borderline personality disorder.

the DSM5 is the first edition of the DM that requires clinicians to provide

both categorical information and dimensional information

In terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports:

both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory.

The "typical" child who commits suicide is a:

boy who understands what death really is.

students reporting abnormalities in the basal ganglia of people with bipolar discovered provide the strongest support of which of the following causes of bipolar disease

brain structure

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:

bringing the four body humors back into balance.

The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced vomiting is called

bulimia nervosa

Surveys throughout the world have repeatedly revealed that __________ ranks as a major problem in the minds of young people, often even more seriously than racism or AIDS.

bullying

one hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups....in this rudy how could the experimenter bias be reduced

by having researchers who don't know who got which pill

An individual with retrograde amnesia:

can learn new information but does not recall events of the past.

in addington v. texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. this case resulted in the courts setting a standard that commitment

can occur when 75% certainty that criteria for commitment has been met

Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change?

cannabis

__________ can take a heavy toll on the close relatives of people with neurocognitive disorder.

caregiving

a psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so his behavior is better understood. This study is a

case study

the clinical practitioner would be more likely than the clinical researcher to rely on which method of investigation?

case study with single participant

Which of the following therapies is an effective long-term, nonpharmacological treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?

cognitive

a therapists describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. he draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major.....

cognitive

"thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." the orientation of the author of this quote would most likely be:

cognitive behavioral

People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on the end of the pain, and by remembering that they have gotten through it before, are MOST likely to have received which of the following therapies?

cognitive intervention

A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is an

cognitive inventory

a response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is an:

cognitive inventory

an athlete who is in fact well prepared nevertheless thinks just before a contest, "i can't do this! i need to be perfect, and i know i'm going to fail." the theorist who would emphasize the illogical thinking process of this athlete as a source of poor performance most likely would support which model of abnormality?

cognitive model

a depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from

cognitive symptoms

"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a:

cognitive theorist.

According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for:

cognitive therapy

If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving:

cognitive therapy

if your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist is using

cognitive therapy

Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism has been the use of:

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

if you were a schiophrenic living in the first half of the 20th century and had a mother who was thought to be a schiophreniogenic, she would have been seen as:

cold and domineering

Imagine that someone yells "Fire!" in a crowded theater, and audience members begin to try to leave the building. Some "panic," and begin pushing their way blindly through other people to an exit. This form of "panic" is:

common, and similar to the panic those with panic disorder experience

one major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists

complete a residency in a medical setting

when someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning they are exhibiting

compulsion

SSRIs successfully treat paraphilias, MOST likely because of paraphilias' similarity to:

compulsive disorders

the biggest social threat to the use of comprehensive assessment techniques today is:

concerned about cost

if a new assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies, then the new test has high

concurrent validity

if a new test for assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies, then the new test has high:

concurrent validity

a previously neutral environmental even that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus is called a:

conditioned response

if you close your eyes and imagine biting into a big, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. the salivation to this imagery is an example of:

conditioned response

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is a(n):

conditioned stimulus

When children reach school age, therapists often use a family intervention called parent management training to help treat which problem?

conduct disorder

The two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are:

conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Children with _________ and an accompanying ________ disorder apparently have a heightened risk of developing antisocial personality disorder.

conduct disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

a 35-year old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm...This diagnosis would be?

conversion disorder

Obesity and lack of exercise have been linked MOST closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders?

coronary heart disease

Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:

correcting the underlying physical pathology

The group of hormones that appears to be most involved in arousal and fear reaction are..

corticosteroids

A psychologist wanted to accept a client with whom he had previously had a sexual relationship. According to ethical guidelines, the psychologist:

couldn't see the patient

who makes the final decision as to whether or not a person may be tried by the judicial system

courts

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation.

An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called:

cretinism

if a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. this is called

criminal commitment

statements were presented to both mental patients and nonpatients. they were asked to indicate whether each statement was applicable to themselves. the questions that differentiated between the two groups comprised the final test. what is the term for this technique of test construction?

criterium key

Depletion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been implicated as a:

critical factor in Alzheimer's disease.

An adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. in this case clinical observation of this person at home would lack

cross situational validity

the MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their

cultural fairness

research in positive psychology shows that which of the following are known increase personal happiness?

daily meditation and keeping a gratitude journal

Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not

dangerous

Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not:

dangerous

a person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also

dangerous to themselves or others

According to Edwin Shneidman, people who are ambivalent about their intent to die and whose actions leading to death do not guarantee death (e.g., swimming in shark-infested waters) are called:

death darers

death initiator

the MOST accurate of the following statements about the effectivness of pyschological debreifing in the aftermath of a disater is:

debriefing doesn't work too welll it might even make victims worse

diagnosis

deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called

Which of the following is a negative effect of cannabis use?

decrease in fertility

one way a clinician might try to reduce observer drift would be to:

decrease lengths of observation periods

Research prompted by the "black box" controversy about using second-generation antidepressants with younger patients shows that taking second-generation antidepressants:

decreases younger patient suicide rates overall, although some individuals are more likely to commit suicide.

according to our legal system, what is necessary for a person to be punished for a crime

defendants must be responsible for a crime and capable of defending themselves

in using the insanity plea, the burden of proof to prove sanity or insanity ordinarily rests with the

defense

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:

defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety

If an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which of the following symptoms would MOST likely be observed?

deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making

the initial problem in studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy is:

defining what it means for treatment to be successful

the fact that hundreds of thousands of people with severe psychological disturbances end up living on the streets or in jails points out one deficiency of:

deinstitutionalization

The increased use of psychotropic meds in the past fifty years generally has led to

deinstitutionalization and outpatient care

The policy of releasing patients from public mental hospitals was known as:

deinstitutionalization.

Which is not one of the broad categories of an autism spectrum disorder?

delinquent type behaviors

A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called:

delirium

Incorrect diagnosis of _______ may contribute to a high rate of death for older people with the disorder.

delirium

Which of the following psychotic disorders is described by your author as increasing in prevalence as people age?

delusional disorder

roughly 2000 years agoa greek or roman physician would most likely diagnose a person experiencing an overall decline in intellectual functioning as suffering from:

delusions

sam once found a $100 on the sidewalk and did not turn it into the police. recently he has become more and more convinced that the police know this and have been following him and searching his house. he is certain that they mean to arrest him and put him in jail. his behavior involves what the ancient greeks referred to as:

delusions

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from:

delusions of persecution

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening news (TV) is speaking directly (and personally) to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the man. He is suffering from:

delusions of reference

Someone who has AIDS is also at risk for developing:

dementia

The paradigm or model adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been:

demonlogical

the paradigm or model adopted by people in the middle ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been

demonological

What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages?

demonological-influence of Sata

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and ongoing need to be taken care of is:

dependent personality disorder

If a person's mental functioning or body feels unreal or foreign the person is most like suffering from

depersonalization

Electroconvulsive therapy is used most often in the treatment of

depression

Psychodynamic explanations for dependent personality disorder are very similar to those for:

depression

electoconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used most often in the treatment of

depression

electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)is used most often in the treatment of:

depression

imagine that you are doing an ABAB reversal design study in which you are measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program. what is the first A in the study

depression

which of the following is not true of the correlation between marriage and depression

depression is about as common among those who are widowed as those separated or divorced

You are treating another therapist for a disorder. What is the therapist you are treating MOST likely to exhibit?

depression or anxiety

The role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology is to:

detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning.

Case studies are useful for all of the following EXCEPT:

determining general laws of behavior

a student in an abnormal psychological class receives the highest test grade in a class of 50 students. this behavior is considered abnormal because it is:

deviant

Deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder called

diagnosis

Deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called

diagnosis

deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called

diagnosis

deciding that a clients psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

diagnosis

One very interesting study investigated the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder, and the physiological responses of the "subpersonalities" of those instructed to fake dissociative identity disorder. The study showed that the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder:

differed from one another, but the subpersonalities of those faking dissociative identity disorder did not.

research study on a group of kids with autism...... which of the following is the BEST example of a confounding variable?

differences between the parents and teachers

Which of the following convinces researchers that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder?

differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders

Alzheimer's is a brain _______ while stroke is a brain _______.

disease; injury

Problems in memory and related cognitive processes occurring without organic causes are known as:

dissociative disorders

Of the following disorders, the one for which an individual would least likely need therapy to avoid a recurrence and to recover lost memories is:

dissociative fugue

a person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality?

distress

In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:

divorced people

The MOST accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally:

do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than one form of treatment.

If a person had schizophrenia, one would suspect a problem with which of these neurotransmitters

dopamine

in preporation for a study of the effectiveness of an anti schizophrenia drug.....this is an example of

double blind design

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists . which design would prevent this problem?

double-blind

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists. Which design would prevent this problem?

double-blind

GABA is related to:

doubling the speed of neuronal firing

If a clinician focused on where you placed your drawing on the page, the size of the drawing and the parts you omitted, you MOST likely took which of the following tests

draw-a-person

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because.

drinking is considered part of college cultrue

if a patient is a minority group member and has trouble affording treatment, feels uncomfortable with the therapist, and doesn't see results, the person is at risk for:

dropping out of therapy

Which two treatment modalities are most commonly applied for ADHD.

drug and behavioral therapy

Which of the following treatment approaches is of limited help for sufferers of paranoid personality disorder?

drug therapy

the single most effective treatment for schizophrenia is:

drug therapy

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.

three types of biological treatments used today

drug therapy, psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy

an important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that:

drugs are believed to be over-used and don't help everyone

If a therapist has a client who is threatening to kill another person, the therapist must inform that other person because of the ethical principle of:

duty to protect

if a therapist has a client who is threatening to kill another person, the therapist must inform that other person because of the ethical principle of

duty to protect

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

dysfunction

which aspect of the definition of abnormality included the inability to care for oneself and work productivley?

dysfunction

which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

dysfunction

an individual has a 9 to 5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this fact. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is:

dysfunctional and deviant

a mood disorder in which the person experiences depressed mood for most of the day for more days than not and indicated either by subjective acct or observation by others is

dysthymi

a researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. this person lives alone in the country, but doesn't interfere with others' lives. the best description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

eccentric

in an emergency, if a person is clearly suicidal or homicidal because of hallucinations and delusions, that person can be involuntarily committed by

emergency commitment

therapies that have received clear research support are called:

empirically supported treatment

Peter is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. he seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to intercept problems before they get out of hand. peter is seeking help from

employee assistance program

the part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is what system?

endocrine

Sohila has been deteriorating for more than a year. She is always tired (she does not sleep), she is losing weight (she eats poorly), she is sad, feels terrible, and feels like it will never get any better. When asked, it is clear that nothing in particular has happened. Based on these data, the diagnosis MOST likely would be:

endogenous depression.

If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be:

enmeshed

if a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that they do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be

enmeshed

From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood?

enuresis and encopresis

Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as:

enuresis.

Someone who believes that experiences teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear represents the _______ explanation of the development of phobias.

environmental

Describing the number of cases of mental retardation in the children of older mothers in 2005 would be a legitimate goal for an ____study

epidemilogical

Describing the number of cases of mental retardation in the children of older mothers in 2005 would be a legitimate goal for a(n) ______ study.

epidemiological

The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a grip in a given time period is termed

epidemiological (incidence)

The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a group in a given time period is termed:

epidemiological (incidence).

Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low or high levels?

estrogen

therapies that have received clear research support are called

evidence based

a clinical psychologist you know says... how do i decide on the best treatment? simple, I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy. and follow their advice. this clinical psychologist believes in using

evidence based treatment

Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among white Americans. Psychosocial stressors that can explain this difference include all of the following EXCEPT:

evolutionary factors, making African Americans more susceptible to hypertension

According to DSM-5 one must demonstrate which of the following set of symptoms in order to be diagnosed with General Anxiety Disorder?

excessive worry for three months, restlessness, behavior changes, distress

What were once referred to as frigidity and impotence are dysfunctions that occur during the ______ phase of sexual arousal.

excitement

"Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential." The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be:

existential

if you were being treated by a shaman, you would most likely be undergoing:

exorcism

A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that "evil spirits" will be driven from the person's body. This form of theraphy is called

exoricism

People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to:

experience another anxiety disorder too.

People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to

experience another anxiety disorder too.

People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to:

experience another anxiety disorder, too.

in rogers' therapy, the honesty and genuineness of the therapist allows clients to look at themselves with acceptance in a process called:

experiencing

A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely:

experiencing a factitious disorder.

According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:

experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be.

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who has symptoms of derealization is:

experiencing reduced responsiveness

a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulations effect on another variable is observed is called

experiment

[paragraph: Research] in the accompanying study, group A is the

experimental group

Which of the following might be an example of an analogue experiment?

exposing lab rats to high levels of stress and having human participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an example of an analogue experiment

which of the following might be an example of an analogue experiment

exposing lab rats to high stress levels and having human participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an example of an analogue experiment

Imagine that you have a body dysmorphic disorder centered around your feet. Your therapist keeps reminding you of your ugly feet and makes you wear sandals. What sort of treatment is your therapist MOST likely using?

exposure and response prevention

A combat veteran undergoing "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" is experiencing:

exposure therapy

changes in body image among African American women and amog women in non-westernized cultures support the idea that ___ has/have a strong influence on body image

exposure to white US culture

If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other persons and situations, then the study has:

external validity

One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of

external validity

One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of:

external validity

an adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. in this case, clinical observations of this person at home would lack:

external validity

Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad teacher, but he believes that he is good in language-based subjects. He is sure that he will do better next year. This is an example of ______ attribution.

external, specific, unstable

If, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone (without the unconditioned stimulus), it will eventually stop eliciting the conditioned response through a process called:

extinction

if, after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly present alone (without the unconditioned stimulus), it will eventually stop eliciting the conditioned response through a process called:

extinction

If a physician believes that a patient's disorder is due to hidden needs, repression, or reinforcement, then the patient may receive a diagnosis of:

factitious disoder

John came into the hospital with two broken legs. He discloses the fact that he broke his legs on purpose to avoid going to jail. This is an example of...?

factitious disorder

confounding

factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ________ variables.Â

what is the problem with conventional wisdom?

fails to account for family influence on mental illness

An elderly person has been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, but the disorder is not Alzheimer's disease. Among the elderly, such a diagnosis is:

fairly common—about a third of neurocognitive disorders are not Alzheimer's disease.

* Fear differs from anxiety in that...

fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general.

Which of the following is an example of a specific social anxiety?

fear of public speaking

if you become a therapist and are like the majority of therapists, you will

feel threatened by patient and experience emotional distress

Which of the following is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness" as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?

feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities

Someone who is experiencing "doubling" is:

feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her.

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to:

feelings of demoralization

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of mass murderers?

feelings of persecution and desire for revenge

Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

female, or low-income individiuals

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:

fetal alcohol syndrome

What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a preferred method of achieving sexual excitement?

fetish

consequences of anorexia nervose include all of the floowing EXECPT

fever and high blood pressure

If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for

fewer than 5 sessions

if you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the US, your therapy will last for:

fewer than 5 sessions per year

the greater reliability of the DSM-IV-TR is most likely because of:

field trials of new criteria and categories

Hypoactive sexual desire may include all of the following except:

finding sexual activity repulsive

according to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental level. this is called:

fixation

according to freud, _______ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

fixation

Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are an entomologist. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in:

flooding

the APA code of ethics states that sexual relationships between a psychologist and client are

forbidden

If someone is interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward:

forensic psychology

if someone was interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward

forensic psychology

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with:

fragile x syndrome

Which of the following abnormal chromosomal situations does not cause Down syndrome?

fragile x syndrome

greek and roman physicians described a person with mania as having symptoms of

frenzied activity and euphoria

if a person had an anxiety disorder, one would suspect a problem with which of these neurotransmitters?

gamma-aminobutyric

If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex and identified with the other gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of:

gender dysphoria

A person that constantly feels upset and nervous, so much so that it interferes with work is experiencing...

generalized anxiety disorder

Leila always feels threatened and anxious-imagining something awful is about to happen...she is experiencing what?

generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following have cases of conduct disorder NOT been linked to?

genetic and biological factors

Judgments of abnormality depend on _______________ as well as on cultural norms.

geography

The field of psychology that is dedicated to the mental health of the elderly is called:

geropsychology

therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role playing and a "here and now" orientation, are:

gestalt

"Relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:

girls diagnosed with conduct disorder.

compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have

greater reliability and greater validity

if a mentally ill person committed murder, was convicted and sent to prison, but was also given treatment while in prison, that person probably lived in a state that had a ____ option

guilty but mentally ill

imagine that you are an attorney and that your client has been sentenced to prison with the proviso that he or she will also receive psychological treatment. your client has received a verdict known as

guilty but mentally ill

In which of the following defenses is mental instability considered an extenuating circumstance in a crime?

guilty with diminished capacity

if a mentally ill person committed murder, but was convicted of committing manslaughter, that person probably lived in a state that had a ____ option

guilty with diminished capacity

Helen was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with a group of other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members to help out but the former patients controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helen's living arrangement is a:

halfway house

as you are talking to your advisor, he stares at the wall and asks you if you see the ants crawling on it (there are none). Your advisor is:

hallucinating

The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:

hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief.

the perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:

hallucinosis

Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:

harsh and cruel

the MMPI-2 is considered by many to be superior to the orginal MMPI because the MMPI-2:

has a more valid indicator of personality and abnormal functioning than the original version more diverse than the people

Civil commitment is for a person who

has been forced to undergo mental health treatment

If your parent has just been diagnosed with essential hypertension, you know that the physician thinks your parent's hypertension:

has both physical and psychological causes

Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy:

has increased in recent years.

if one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of stress are more likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched control group that group would

have a low level of stress

Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress:

have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following the trauma

If you are the typical therapist, you:

have been sexually attracted to a client but not had a sexual relationship with a client

Generally speaking, social network users:

have close relationships and support from others

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories

have higher validity

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:

have higher validity

If one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of stress are MORE likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched control group, that group would:

have low levels of stress

A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her first child is most likely to:

have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child.

one hundred psychiatric patients were assigned to two groups......what could be a potential confound in this study?

having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outpatients

A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing and he experiences distress over this. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:

having transvestic disorder.

merv got into a fight and killed his opponent. when he went to trial, he had a mental breakdown. he did not know where he was and had hallucinations. he was unable to answer questions. he is likely to be sent to a mental institution because

he is unstable to understand the trial procedure and defend himself

A man killed a stranger in a fit of rage when he heard voices telling him that the stranger was about to destroy the Earth and must be stopped. The killer is likely to be sent to a mental institution because:

he was mentally unstable at the time of the crime

personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:

help assess the unconscious drives and conflicts they believe to be at the root of abnormal functioning

The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is to

help the person to start to regain the lost weight

During his first night in the detoxification unit, Quent developed what seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He was probably withdrawing from:

heroin

Which is not a description of the three clusters of DSM-5 personality disorders?

high degree of learned helplessness

Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a genetic predisposition for unipolar depression. These studies have found:

high rates of unipolar depression among dizygotic twins but not among monozygotic twins.

a new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people but very few people have taken the test and accurate norms don't exist. the test has

high reliability but inadequate standardization

The data from studies of the biological and adoptive parents of children who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia as adults show that the concordance rate of schizophrenia with biological relatives is:

higher than with adoptive relatives

Twisted protein fibers are found within the cells of the ____________ and other brain areas of people who died from Alzheimer's disease.

hippocampus

Which of the personality disorders was once called "hysterical personality disorder" and involves individuals who are typically described as emotionally charged and seeking to be the center of attention?

histrionic

When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:

histrionic personality disorder.

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT:

hormonal functioning (do focus on genetic factors, ion activity, and neurotransmitter activity)

abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of:

hormones

Which of the following aspects of Type A personality make a person MOST vulnerable to heart disease?

hostility and time urgency

relaxation training increases awareness and control of one's physical and mental state

how is relaxation training similar to biofeedback training and self-instruction training?Â

if you consulted a pro anorexia site on the internet you would learn about

how to be a better anorexic

"that's all right. you're doing your best, dont worry. i am here for you." a therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would most probably follow the ____ tradition.

humanistic

a therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. the hope is that the client will self-examine with acceptance and honesty. most likely the therapist is:

humanistic

according to the ______ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness & growth.

humanistic

the model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values & choices in behavior is the

humanistic - existential model

when we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the value they find in living. a psychologist from which background would agree most strongly with this statement?

humanistic - existntial

a clinical interviewer says, in part, 'How do you feel about yourself today? how do you feel about whats going on in your life?' Most likely, that clinical interviewer's orientation

humanistic clinician

"when we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the value they find in living." a psychologist from which background would agree most strongly with this statement?

humanistic existential

humanistic theorists.

the model of abnormality that focuses on the roles in behavior is the:

humanistic-existential model

According to __ the sefl-aculazation motive plays an important part in human functioning

humanists

according to ____, the self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning.

humanists

according to __________, the self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning.

humanists

The MOST common of the following psychophysiological disorders is:

hypertension

The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Jean Charcot, Josef Breuer, and even Sigmund Freud was:

hypnotism

The statement or prediction that we make about a potential causal relationship in a proposed study is called the:

hypothesis

a friend says to you, "I just think the red sox win more games on Tuesdays then on any other day" although your friend's statement is not very scientific, it is a

hypothesis

Jeff's left arm suddenly went numb. His physician was unable to find a physical cause of the problem. Jeff is apparently suffering from what the ancient Greek physicians called:

hysteria

jeff's left arm suddenly went numb. his physician was unable to find a physical cause of the problem. jeff is apparently experiencing what the ancient greek physicians called:

hysteria

mesmer because famous (or infamous) for his work with pateitns suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. his patients' disorders are termed:

hysterical disorders

Our expectations, values, and sense of who we are and where we fit in society form our...

identity

A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ____approach

idiographic

A study of a single person used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______ approach.

idiographic

The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a new client is to gather what type of information

idiographic

the Durham test judges a person not to be criminally responsible if he or she has acted

if the action was the product of a mental disease or defect

* if a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect...

illness anxiety disorder

People who fear that the slightest change in their physical state is an indication of serious illness suffers from...?

illness anxiety disorder

Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say that Henry's depression results in large part from:

illogical thinking

Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:

immediately, and is short-term

Research indicates that eyewitness testimony is:

impaired by events of the crime

Early home intervention programs for those in the "mild" intellectual developmental disordercategory:

improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood.

A person with Alzheimer's disease is taking a drug designed to affect acetylcholine and glutamate and may experience:

improvement both in short-term memory and in ability to cope under pressure.

"I can't help myself. I had to do it," would likely be a successful insanity defense:

in fewer than half of the states in the United States

if you were interested in securing a civil commitment for someone you cared about, you would have to show clearly that the person

in need of treatment and dangerous to themselves or others

A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ________ technique.

in vivo

The number of new cases of a disorder in a population that emerge in a particular time interval is called the

incidence

Antidepressants that are effective in treatment obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:

increase serotonin actively in the brain

which of the following typifies post traumatic stress disorder

increased arousal, anxiety and guilt

Which of the following is most typical of posttraumatic stress disorder?

increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt

Which of the following is typical of posttraumatic stress disorder?

increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt

which of the following factors leads to increased respect for assessment and diagnosis?

increased assessment research

Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on:

increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self- image.

Unlike the correlational method and the experimental method, the case study provides

individual information

today, the cost of direct mental health services is mostly paid by

individuals to private insurance companies

in the workplace, psychological problems are estimated to contribute most to

industrial accidents

Axis III includes:

information concerning relevant general medical conditioning from which the person is currently suffering.

current research suggest that schizophrenia may be related to:

inheritance

The effect of norepinephrine and corticosteroids on a body experiencing stress is:

initially to stimulate the immune system, then to inhibit it

In the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether they are still:

insane

in the case of Foucha v. Louisiana , the supreme court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether or not they are still

insane

Which treatment approach is more likely to strengthen juvenile delinquent behavior than to help reduce it?

institutionalization

Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that:

insurance companies provide equal coverage for mental and medical problems

Which is not an area listed in the DSM-5 as required to be affected by a personality disorder?

intelligence

Binet and Simon are known for their work in creating a:

intelligence test

Binet and simon are known for their work in creating an

intelligence test

Which category of clinical tests tends to have the BEST standardization, reliability, and validity?

intelligence tests

Which category of clinical tests tends to have the best standardization, reliability, and validity.

intelligence tests

which category of clinical tests tends to have the best standardization, reliability, and validity?

intelligence tests

which category or clinical tests tends to have the BEST standardization, reliability and validity?

intelligence tests

Which of the following is an example of malingering?

intentionally faking a back problem to avoid military service

Studies of patterns of teenage sexual behavior today compared to such behavior a generation ago show today's teens having:

intercourse younger, and using condoms more.

All cases of dissociative amnesia generally involve...

interference with episodic memory

If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control for cultural patterns in drinking among participants, the study would have low

internal validity

A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and always will. The therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to:

internal, global, stable factors

Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?

interpersonal loss

a woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home ft and take care of kids is experiencing

interpersonal role dispute

a panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. they all arrive at the same diagnosis. the panel has high:

interrater validity

Based on the evidence about suicide rates, which of the following intervention strategies should prevent the MOST suicides?

intervention focused on middle-aged adults—they have a fairly high suicide rate, and it is rising relatively rapidly

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

irrational assumptions

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible aspects is displaying:

irrational assumptions

If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not that way I want them, I am displaying basic:

irrational assumptions

If a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed both of them in a "fit of passion," that man may be eligible for an insanity defense under the:

irresistable impulse test

if a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed the friend and the wife in a fit of "passion", that man would be eligible for an insanity defense under the

irresistible impulse test

Rex beat the guy to within an inch of his life. in court REX claimed that he was forced to do it. he just exploded. he was not in control of himself. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity

irresistible impulsive test

research shows that the result of lobotomies was:

irreverasible brain damage and withdrawl

Research shows that the results of lobotomies was

irreversible brain damage and withdrwarl

In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit

is a close as possible to all points in the graph

A study includes 60 people suffering from an ordinary headache. Twenty get aspirin, 20 get a sugar pill that looks like aspirin, and 20 get nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache disappears. In the other two groups the "cure" rates are 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants are treated identically. This study:

is an experimental study

Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy:

is generally limited to case studies

One of the drawbacks of exposure and response prevention as a therapy is that it:

is less effective with clients with obsessions but no compulsions

behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:

is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety

Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:

is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.

Defining abnormal behavior, using "the four Ds":

is still often vague and subjective

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the incidences of psychological abnormality, historically, and worldwide

it appears in all cultures during all time periods

Which of the following is a limitation of the case study?

it does not result in high external validity

You see a video on YouTube designed to uplift and encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called:

it gets better

A defendant is considering hiring a psychologist to help select a "friendly" jury for an upcoming trial. Research has shown that:

it is not clear whether a psychologist's judgment is more valid or accurate

which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression

it nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60% of the cases

which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression

it nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60% of the cases

all of the following are merits of the correlational method EXCEPT

it provides individual information

all of the following are merits of the correlational method EXCEPT:

it provides individual information

Which of the following is true of the correlation coefficient?

it ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables

How does an MRI make a picture of the brain?

it relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned

Psychoanalysis is NOT very effective for hospitalized mental patients because:

it requires levels of clarity, insight and verbal skills

Which of the following statements about the DSM-V, the most widely used classification system of mental disorders, is FALSE?

it uses dimensional information

all of the following about lithium as a treamnt for biopolar disorder are true, EXCEPT

it worsens depressive symptoms

studies show that if you want the MOST accurate assessment of a psychological disorder, what is better, judgements or clinicians or models and actural tables

judgements of computer models and actuarial tables. they are about 10 percent more accurate.

David Rosenhan sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that ______ greatly impacts mental illness.

labeling

david rosenhan sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital where they pretend to be disturbed. the results led him to conclude that _____ greatly impacts mental illness.

labeling

Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from:

lack of oxygen during or after delivery.

according to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams isL

latent content

personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:

learn about unconcious conflicts in the client

Personality assessments using projective tests is designed to

learn about unconscious conflicts in the client

Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:

learn about unconscious conflicts in the client.

a woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally taking to a shelter by the police. while there she did not take advantage of the educational and job opps. how would cognitive therapist describe her

learned helplessness

a functional analysis involves

learning about a persons behaviors

If a patient is assigned to a community mental health center inpatient facility instead of a mental hospital, the decision makers are applying the principle of:

least restrictive environment

a friend of yours is required to tai a polygraph test as a part of a job application. this requirement is

legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase.

the definition of "insanity" used in legal cases was written by

legislators, not clinicians

A person diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder receives treatment based upon exposure and response prevention. The person could reasonably expect to experience:

less concern about physical defects, and less avoidance of social interactions.

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:

less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive effective treatment.

Compared to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are:

less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized.

In mindfulness-based therapy techniques, you would be MOST likely to find clients:

letting their thoughts flow, without judgment.

Relapse for both bulimia and anorexia is most likely triggered by

life streses

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that

life stress and depression related

According to "intolerance of uncertainty theory," those with generalized anxiety disorder are:

likely to overestimate the chances that any negative even will occur

According to "intolerance of uncertainty theory," those with generalized anxiety disorder are:

likely to overestimate the chances that any negative event will occur.

a friend says to you, i wonder how likely i am to qualify for DSM diagnosis

likely. almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis

____ is the most widely used antibipolar drug

lithium

a young woman swings between periods of bottomless depression and high flying enthusiasm. she never hits the middle and her physician recommends

lithium

"Cluster suicides" may involve high suicide rates among those:

living on certain Native-American reservations.

After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from what type of amnesia?

localized

if researchers studied vietnam veterans for 30 years after the veterans return from vietnam the study would be:

longitudinal

"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

loose associations

Psychodynamic therapists believe that people with histrionic personality disorder are trying to defend against a deep-seated fear of:

loss

Depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality

low activity of serotonin

Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:

low levels of seretonin

Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "odd" cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "dramatic" cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when that variety of structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview has:

low reliability and low validity

A teammate of a basketball player says, "Congratulations on making those game-winning free throws. Weren't you bothered by the fans waving their arms behind the basket?" The basketball player replies, "Thanks. I felt a little nervous, but to tell the truth, I didn't even notice the fans." MOST likely, the player who made the foul shots has:

low situational and trait anxiety

an assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression. however, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of the number of sad episodes they record. this assessment tool has

low test- retest reliability and high face validity

An assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad, in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression. However, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of the number of "sad" episodes they record. This assessment tool has:

low test-retest reliability, and high face validity.

Compare to white Americans and African Americans, Hispanic Americans have:

lower rates of high blood pressure and lower rates of high cholesterol

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:

lower socioeconomic level

The generic term for the white blood cells that react to foreign invaders in the body is:

lymphocytes

Which of the following is true about malingering and factitious disorder?

malingering are trying to achieve some external goal by faking illness

Which of the following has the goal of reducing the cost of mental health services?

managed care

"What the &#%@# is going on? the insurance company says i have to stop my anger management program now!" the client who says this is most likely voicing concern about a

managed care program

A therapist who is worried that her clients will receive short-term care rather than more promising long-term treatment, and that confidential treatment reports will be read by others, is concerned about:

managed care programs

a therapist who was worried that patients would receive less costly short-term care rather than more promising long-term treatment, would have treatment monitored by an insurance employee rather than a therapist, and would have confidential treatment reports read by others, is concerned about

managed care programs

the type of system that many health insurance companies have set up to try to curtail expenses associated with providing treatment is referred to as

managed care programs

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

mania

a state of breathless euphoria, a frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes

mania

a state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes

mania

a state of euphoria, or frezied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belifer in their power describes :

mania

imagine that a witness says he or she is absolutely certain that the defendant is the one who committed the crime. what is the most likely true about the witness's certainty

manipulative and highly intelligent

Adolescent suicides differ from suicides at other age levels in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

many experience significant loss before the suicide.

in the past, people with mental disorders were less likely than those without mental disorders to commit violent or dangerous acts. why do we think that is

many of these individuals lived in institutions

a recent study of informed consent forms showed that

many research participants don't understand them

a psychologist wanted to accept a client with whom he had previously had a sexual relationship. according to ethical guidelines, the psychologist

may not treat patient he or she has had sex with

Which was one of the different mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans?

melancholia

bob experiences unshakable sadness. his friends have given up trying to cheer him up because nothing works. an ancient greek physician would have labeled his condition:

melancholia

the case of O'Connor v donaldson resulted in the ruling that

mental hospitals must review their patients' cases periodically

Cognitive theory

mental illness is caused by mental processes including maladaptive thoughts, perceptions, & memory; difficulty problem solving; believed that if he could change the way that the person thought then he could change the way that the person behaved

Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is called all but which of the following?

mental instability (it is called psychotherapy, mental illness, emotional disturbance)

in recent years, public advocates for those with mental disorders have turned their attention to the rights of ____ to receive treatment

mental patients in community

In recent years, public advocates for those with mental disorders have turned their attention to the rights of _______ to receive treatment

mental patients in the community

an interviewer who asks a client questions such as "where are you now?" "why do you think you're here?" or even "who are you?" is probably conducting a:

mental status exam

an interviewer who asks a client where are you now? why are you here? and who are you? is probably conducting a

mental status exam

the usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to...

merge the sub-personality into a single identity

The treatment mechanism associated with touching a troubled area of a patient's body with a special rod was:

mesmerism

in order to study general effectiveness in treatment smith and glass and their colleagues performed a

meta analysis of many studies

standardizing and combing the findings of many different studies is called:

meta-analysis

Which one of the following medical problems associated with anorexia is most likely to lead to death

metabolic and electrolyte changes

A patient who treats severe pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensations, but remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in:

mindfulness meditation

patienst who perform work in mental institutions, particularly private institutions, are guaranteed _____ for that work

minimum wage

the only test among the following this is not a projective test is the

minnesota multiphastic personality inventory

The test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the:

mmpi

Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called:

modeling

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

modeling

Harry is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle them. This is a form of therapy based on:

modeling

Imagine that you are being treated for a social anxiety disorder. Your therapist watches you act out a social scene, points out what you did correctly and incorrectly, and praises you for what you did well. Which behavioral technique did your therapist NOT use?

modeling

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called:

modeling

animals and human can learn without reinforcement. they learn just by watching this form of learning is called:

modeling

animals and humans learn without reinforcement. they learn just by watching. this form of learning is called:

modeling

when a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to

modeling

If you were afraid of dogs and your therapist treated you by interacting with dogs while you watched, you would be receiving:

modeling.

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called:

modeling.

in science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as

models or paradigms

One of the subpersonalities of a person receiving treatment for dissociative identity disorder has just become a "protector." How far along in therapy has the person probably progressed?

moderately far because a protector usually emerges before subpersonality integration

The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late 19th century because:

money and staffing shortages, recovery rates declines, overcrowding, assumption that all can be cured

disorders marked by sever disturbances of mood cause people to feel extremely happy and inappropriately sad or elated for extended periods of time are

mood disorders

Superego

morality principle; conscience, unconsciously adopted from out parents

A personality change that often accompanies dissociative fugues is that people become:

more outgoing

several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the US about what % of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?

more than 15%

about what percent of clinicians today would describe their approach as eclectic?

more than 20%

various obstacles interfere with the study of abnormal psychology. all of the following are examples EXCEPT

most clinicians oppose the scientific study for their discipline

electroconvulsive therapy is

most effective with severe depression

thomas szasz's view about the idea of "mental illness" is that:

most everyone suffers most of the time.

DSM-IV-TR is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:

most widely used in the US

DSM 5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is

most widely used in the united states

marijunana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because the marijuana available in the 1960 had:

much less THC

What disorder has been described as a use of self-hypnosis?

multiple personality disorder

len killed a man in a fit of rage. his voices told him that the man was about to destroy the earth and the man must be stopped. len is likely to be sent to a mental institution because

mutually unstable at the time of the crime

n the past 20 years, public interest in somatoform and dissociative disorders has: A) increased, although therapy effectiveness has not increased. B) decreased, and therapy effectiveness has not increased. C) decreased, although therapy effectiveness has increased. D) increased, as has therapy effectiveness.

People with ___________ personality disorder are generally grandiose, need much admiration, and feel no empathy with others.

narcissistic

The diagnostic features of which of the following personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?

narcissistic

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be:

narcissistic personality disorder.

Although lying, even compulsive lying, is not considered a psychological disorder, it is sometimes characteristic of people with:

narcissistic personality disorder.

Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing:

narcissistic personality disorder.

a frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing

narcostics

Jan is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid that behavior. If her fear is judged to be phobic, the most accurate diagnosis would be:

narrow social phobia.

which of the following would be the best design to study the effects of disasters on survivors?

natural experiment

The white blood cells that destroy infected body cells are called:

natural killer T-cells

A therapist preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch the clients in their every day environment and record their activities and behaviors, This approach is

naturalist observation

a therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and recor their activities and behaviors. this approach is known as:

naturalistic observation

a therapists' preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environment and record their activities and behaviors. this approach is known as:

naturalistic observation

a researcher find individuals who report large numbers of hassels in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. those who report fewer hassles generally report lower levels of stress. the correlation between number of hassles and stress level is:

negative

the assessment interment MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the

neuropsychological test

the assessment instrument most likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the:

neuropsychological tests

If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research regarding the causes of bipolar disorders as we understand them today, you would MOST likely do research on which of the following?

neurotransmitters in the brain

Advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs over conventional medications include:

newer medications produce fewer extrapyramidal effects.

A friend of yours has just been diagnosed with a dyssomnia. Your friend's particular diagnosis could be any of the following EXCEPT:

nightmare disorder

an assumption of determinism is that abnormal behaviors:

no behavior is accidental. all is determined by past experiences.

Someone you know has "tanorexia," and constantly tries to achieve a darker complexion through sun and tanning booth exposure. The MOST accurate diagnosis for this person is:

no diagnosis; "tanorexia" is not yet considered a DSM disorder

studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:

no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse

Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that:

no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse.

clinical researchers are usually covered with an _____ understanding of abnormality, which practitioners focus on an ______ understanding.

nomathetic and idiographic

General principles that explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior are called:

nomothetic

experiments are consistent with the____approach

nomothetic

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

norms

the explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

norms

If a court decides that a defendant is mentally unstable, the defendant will:

not be punished in the usual way

How difficult is it for a typical person to buy an intelligence test or view Rorschach cards?

not difficult at all; one can buy intelligence test and view cards online

Someone you know has just been diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. You can be reasonably sure that this person's disorder is:

not normal, but less severe than acute distress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder

a present day clinician uses terms like demetia and mental retardation for diagnostic categories. that clinician is using terms

not used in the DSM 5 but the previous DSM

If an epidemiological study shows that eating disorders are more common in Western countries than in eastern ones, we can appropriately conclude

nothing about the cause of such a finding

the motivation to form relationships with other is a central theme of:

object relations theory

a clinician who is using naturalistic observation would be MOST likely to do which of the following?

observe parent-child interactions in the family home

the knowledge that a person a clinician is about to interview has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to

observer bias

while someone is watching, jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than usual. this tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an example of:

observer bias

In modeling, the client:

observes the therapist confronting the feared object.

Betty has serious, persistent doubts as to whether her gas stove is turned off. This is an example of a(n)

obsession

Jethro hates his mother in law and cant seem to stop imagining her lying in a pool, in pieces. These thoughts are interfering with his daily life style. He is showing

obsessive images

The cluster of "anxious" personality disorders includes avoidant, dependent, and __________ personality disorders.

obsessive-compulsive

More women than men experience all of the following disorders EXCEPT:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

The burden of proof in an insanity case is usually:

on the defense attorneys to prove the defendant is insan

in the US today, one is most likely to find a severely ill mental patient:

on the street or in jail

a heroin overdose is more likely to occur when:

one gradually, but consistently takes larger doses of heroin

Which of the following people is experiencing the MOST stress as measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

one whose spouse has just died

Juanita has multiple personality disorder. Big Tony and Smart Alice are two personalities who are aware of all of the others. None of her other personalities are aware of each other. This would be called a:

one-way amnesic relationship.

* besides their time course, in what other major way do acute stress disorder and posttramatic stress disorder differ?

only acute stress disorder requires dissociative symptoms

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

open spaces or crowds

When a young child yells and throws toys, the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from

operant conditioning

when a young child yells and throws toys (temper tantrums) the parents give the child a good deal of attention. as time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. a behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from:

operant conditioning

The drug that, when misused, would MOST quickly result in dependence or addiction would be:

opium

Children who argue repeatedly with adults, lose their temper, ignore rules and requests, and blame others for their mistakes and problems might best be diagnosed with:

oppositional defiant disorder.

according to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:

oral stage

Early onset Alzheimer's disease may be brought on by all but:

orbital difficulties

the finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that

organic factors are responsible for mental disorders

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because is supports the idea that

organic factors can cause mental illness

when Jose did not get the job, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. this thought is an example of:

overgeneralization

* Rosa's heart was racing from the 4 cups of coffee she had finished, but she thought she might be have a heart attack. This is an example of...

panic attack

Rosa's heart was racing (from the four cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought that she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. It is probably...

panic attack

Rosa's heart was racing (from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack.

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

panic disorder

every once in a while, jona feels nervous to the point of terror. it seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):

panic disorder

Antidepressants and alprazolam (Xanax) have been found to be successful in treating:

panic disorders

The basic structure of personality may consist of five "supertraits," which do not include:

paranoia

The "odd" cluster of personality disorders consists of which personality disorders?

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

parasympathetic nervous system

Iris has had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. she mutters a lot about being possessed. lately she has been carving her arm with a knife. you think that she requires treatment before she hurts herself any more. the authorities have a right to commit her based on the principles of

parens patriae

the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from themselves is called

parens patriae

Which would lead to the most reliable diagnosis of ADHD?

parent and teacher reports, clinical observations, interviews, psychological tests, and rating scales

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of managed care programs?

patient choice in number of sessions that therapy can last

Which group of older persons has the highest rate of problem drinking?

patients in nursing homes

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

patients were perceived as productive human beings whose mental functioning had simply broken down

a significant change in the type of care offered now compared with the time Freud was practicing is that:

people are more likely to be treated for living problems

part of the downfall of moral therapy was that

people assumed all patients could be cured if treated with humanity

As a political protest, two activists leap from a bridge in a highly publicized double suicide. Those MOST at risk for modeling these suicides are:

people with a history of emotional problems.

what must be true before a person may be tried for a crime and potentially found guilty

person must have been able to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the crime

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior is known as a:

personality disorder

Clients check off either "applies" or "does not apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a

personality inventory

Clients check off either "applies" or "does not apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. the kind of test they are taking most likely is a:

personality inventory

Enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies are often called:

personality traits

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called:

personality traits

Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:

phobias

systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:

phobias

systematic desensitization has been shwon to be especailly effective in the treatment of

phobias

research has supported all of the falling behavioral assumptions except that

phobias are always acquired through classical conditioning in humans

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called

phobic disorder

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called...

phobic disorder

A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) __________ response to stress.

physical

For me, crossing a bridge is terrifying. If you hardly notice crossing a bridge, we differ in:

physiological anxiety

a fake pill used as the control condition in a drug study is a

placebo

one important criticism of the preceding research is that it is a

placebo study

in the video

planes.

frequently, when a serial killer comes to trial, he or she makes the insanity plea. what usually happens

plea is usually overlooked

defendants who were acting irrationally and in disordered ways when they allegedly committed the crimes are most likely to

plead not guilty by reason of insanity

according to freud, the id operates in accordance with the ______ principle.

pleasure

pleasure principle; instinctual needs, drives, impulses, sexual

The aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from dangerous people is called:

police power

the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from dangerous people is called

police powers

Delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

martin seligman is an important researcher on both:

positive psychology and learned helpessness

While Type I schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms, Type II schizophrenia is dominated by ______ symptoms.

positive; negative

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called...?

post traumatic stress disorder

Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him...this is an example of?

post-traumatic stress disorder

Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits a(n):

posttraumatic stress disorder

Years after the U.S. Civil War war over, many veterans diagnosed with melancolia or solider's heart still experienced vivid flashbacks of their combat experiences, as well as nightmares and guild about what they had done. Today, their MOST likely diagnosis would be:

posttraumatic stress disorder

Almost every night, Cara wakes up terrified and screaming for the boys to get off her. Two years later she still can't get the gang rape out of her mind. The fear, anxiety, and depression are ruining her life. This is an example of a(n):

posttraumatic stress reaction

a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for year after a horrible events is called:

posttraunmatic stress disorder

regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people among those who are poor, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which:

poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction

A test is construed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of schizophrenia within five years. This test may be said to have high

predictive validity

a new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. therefore, the new assessment tool has good:

predictive validity

a test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. of the 100 people the test identifies 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high

predictive validity

a test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of schizophrenia within five years. the test may be said to have high:

predictive validity

what kind of validity is most important to clinicians in evaluating the utility of a classification system?

predictive validity

the rise of managed care programs for treating mental disorders has resulted in

prefer short term rather than long term improvement

What is the primary reason that people with schizoid personality disorder avoid social contact?

preference to be alone

Among the most important structures in short-term memory are the __________ lobes.

prefrontal lobes

the moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because:

prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark then they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

preparedness

The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the

prevalence

When community programs are focused on correcting social conditions that give rise to psychological problems, the approach is called:

prevention

a primary focus of the community treatment approach to abnormality is:

prevention

Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of:

private psychotherapy

the approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called:

private psychotherapy

Axis IV includes:

problems related to the social environment

The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the:

prodmoal

The issue underlying the dispute between psychiatrists and psychologists about prescription-prescribing privileges is:

professional boundary issues

a psychologist focuses on optimism, wisdom, happiness, an interpersonal skill. the psychologist is most likely:

promoting positive psychology

When Mark, who suffers from an autism spectrum disorder, was hungry he looked at his mother and asked "Do you want dinner?" This reversal of pronouns is referred to as:

pronominal reversal

a landmark california court case, Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. this case led to the conclusion that

protected privilege ends where public peril begins

When new information is acquired and stored, certain _________ must be produced in key brain cells.

proteins

George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. Before he leaves, he makes sure that all appliances are unplugged. He often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. which mmpi-2 scale would be most likely score high on

psychasthenia

George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. before he leaves, he makes sure that all his appliances are unplugged. he often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. which MMPI-2 scale would he most likely score high on?

psychasthenia (general anxiety)

The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is:

psychiatric social work

a physician who offers psychotherapy is called a:

psychiatrist

Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:

psychoanalysis

The model most likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference" is the ______ model.

psychodynamic

Which theoretical model is supported by the finding that monkeys separated from their mothers at birth show signs of depression?

psychodynamic

a general term used for theories such as Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's is:

psychodynamic

the model most likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes is the _______ model.

psychodynamic

the oldest & most famous of the modern psychological models is the ______ model.

psychodynamic

The model of abnormality that focuses on uncounscious intermal processes and conflicts in behavior is the

psychodynamic model

depression occurs either when a loved one is lost or when a person experiences imagined of symbolic loss. This explanation for the onset of depression is proposed by

psychodynamic theorists

a patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. the form of psychotherapy the patient is reciving is called:

psychodynamic theory

* Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are:

psychological disorders affecting medical conditions

Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are:

psychological disorders affecting medical conditions

Relaxation training, biofeedback, meditation, and hypnosis all illustrate the use of:

psychological treatments for physical illnesses

Which of the following occupations has a particularly high rate of suicide?

psychologists

which of the following occupations has a particularly high rate of suicide

psychologists

an important current distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists that is changing is that

psychologists may admit patients to state hospitals and prescribe medicine with proper certification

Youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. he would probably score high on the MMPI-2 scale called:

psychopathic deviate

youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. he would probably score high on the MMPI-1 scale called

psychopathic deviate

a person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy is called a

psychopharmacologist

a psychiatrist says... i am a strong believer in a combined approach to therapy, in fact i participate in combined approaches... based on statement the most likely speciality of the psychiatrist is

psychopharmacology

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measure galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. They type of clinical test being used is

psychophysiological

a client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. the type of clinical test being used is

psychophysiological

a client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. the type of clinical test being used is:

psychophysiological tests

Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:

psychotropic medication

drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:

pyschotropics

to study some gender differences a researcher selected a group of 10 men and 10 women and treated all participants exactly the same. each participant was given a test of psychological function. this study is an example of an

quasi experimental study

What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist instead of randomly assigning participants to control the experimental groups?

quasi-experiments

What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups

quasi-experiments

What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups?

quasi-experiments

the models or paradigm an investigator uses influences:

questions and observations the investigator uses

One difficulty with the mentally disordered sex offender classification is that:

racial bias appears to affect who is given this classification

one difficulty with the mentally disordered sex offender classification is that

racial bias appears to effect who is given this classification

recently states have begun to abolish their sex offender laws. among the reasons they are doing this is

racial bias can effect application of the law

random assignment

not al participants are the same. Researchers use ____ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation

random assignment

Combat veterans in a therapy group express a great deal of guilt and rage. MOST likely, the veterans are in a(n):

rap group

The movement that has tried to find the common strategies that "good" therapists use is called:

rapprochement.

Monahan's research on the relationship between violent behavior and sever mental disorder shows that

rate of violent behavior and is somewhat higher in those with sever mental disorders

all of the following are biological treatments for generalized anxiety except:

rational emotive therapy

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:

rational-emotive therapy

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:

rational-emotive therapy.

You blame your poor performance on a test you didn't study for on all the other work you had to do. The defense mechanism that best describes your behavior is

rationalization

Imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as:

reactivity

While someone is watching, Jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than usual. This tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an example of:

reactivity

imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as

reactivity

Ego

reality principle; seeks gratification but guides us to know when we can & cannot express our wishes; ego defense mechanisms protect us from anxiety

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:

receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder.

imagine that a man inherits the tendency to be socially awkward. that leads him to choose inappropriate romantic partners who increase his level of stress. a biopsychosocial therapist would use the _____ effects explanation of his functioning.

reciprocal

Members of "Mad Pride" try to:

reduce the stigmata of mental illness

which of the following is not a procedure that DSM 5 develops relied on to improve reliability

reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories

a person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having flashbacks is:

reexperiencing the traumatic event

one important issue in the relationship between the legislative and judicial systems and the mental health profession is

regulating aspects of mental care

Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?

relaxation therapy

Which of the following is a non drug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today

relaxation training

How is relaxation training similar to biofeedback training and self-instruction training?

relaxation training increases awareness and control of one's physical and mental state

becuase alchol binds to neurons that normall recieve the neurotrasmitter GABA, it is not suprising that alchol:

relaxes people

dr ross and dr carman agree that suzette is suffering from post traumatic stress disorder

reliability

One of the factors that is believed to account for differences in the suicide rates of different countries is:

religious affiliation and beliefs.

Which of the following is the best way for clinitions to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior

rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental level. This is called:

repression

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from:

repression

A person who has difficulty expressing unpleasant emotions such as anger or hostility is displaying a ________ and is at greater risk for heart disease/asthma.

repressive coping style

After medical school a psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning; this training is called a(n):

residency

a psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning after medical school; this training is called a:

residency

Colin is asked to "free associate" about his mother's new husband and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of:

resistance

which of the following is a valid critique of the use of response inventories?

response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not well tested

the assumption behind the use of progressive tests as assessment tools is that:

responses come from the client's unconscious

courts ask for mental health professionals to help determine if defendants are

responsible for the crime and capable of defending themselves

Dr. tim required half of a group of healthy volunteers to study a reading passage or 1 hour. The other half of the participants studied for 15 minutes. Dr. Tim then administered a test of their memory of details from the passage. what is the dependent variable?

results of the memory test

A researcher works to reduce the amount of disruptive talking a child does in school. The researcher first measures the disruptive talking frequency, then institutes treatment, while continuing to measure the behavior. Later, treatment is removed, as measurement continues. Finally the researcher re-introduces the treatment. This type of study is a:

reversal design

Internal validity reflects how well a study:

rules out the effects of all variables except those being studied.

People with _________ personality disorder persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships and demonstrate little in the way of emotion.

schizoid

People with one of the "odd" clusters of personality disorders often qualify for an additional diagnosis of:

schizophrenia

Symptoms of which disorder have been found to lessen in later life?

schizophrenia

The MOST common diagnosis of those found not guilty by reason of insanity is:

schizophrenia

Which of the following illnesses is least likely to develop in later life?

schizophrenia

the most common diagnosis of those found not guilty by reason of insanity is

schizophrenia

You have found enlarged ventricles during a postmortem analysis on a sample of brain tissue. This is MOST likely to be evidence of:

schizophrenia involving mainly negative symptoms.

People with _________ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.

schizotypal

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

schizotypal personality disorder.

One who systematically gathers info in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical

scientist

a recent national mental health survey of psychotherapists found that more than three-quarters of them reported being in therapy themselves at least once, and that they

seeks therapy for problems that bother others

What generally happens in the thalamus and the hypothalamus of an individual with Alzheimer's disease?

selected neurons shrink or die

an institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says the doctor claims I'm schizophrenic. how else would you expect me to act the individuals comments reflect

self fulfilling prophecy

humanists would say that an individual who cares about others, is spontaneous, courageous, and independent:

self-actualizing

If you believe that you can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary, Bandura would say that you had a positive sense of:

self-efficacy

albert bandura argued that in order to feel happy & function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:

self-efficacy

if you believe that you can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary, Bandura would say that you had a positive sense of:

self-efficacy

an institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says, "the doctor claims i'm schizophrenic. how else would you expect me to act?" the individuals comments reflect:

self-fulfilling prophecies

a client reports having infrequent but extremely disturbing tactile hallucinations. The MOST useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would be to involve

self-monitoring

a client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations. the most useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would involve:

self-monitoring

the person associated with the learned helplessness theory of depression:

seligman

if a court decides that a defendant is mentally unstable, the defendant will

sent to a mental institution in a process call criminal commitment

A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:

separation anxiety disorder

although initially thought to be due to an excessive amt of particular neurotransmitters, mania is found to be due to low levels of

serotonin

depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality

serotonin

A woman reports having vivid sexual fantasies, yet is unable to experience either clitoral or labial swelling, or vaginal lubrication. The MOST likely diagnosis for this woman would be:

sexual interest arousal disorder

Many states have a category of "mentally disordered sex offenders," which assigns moral responsibility to the offender. This category, which is related to the insanity defense, is based on the premise that:

sexual offenses, such as pedophilia, reflect an underlying mental disorder

Which is not a personality tendency that would be included in the new DSM-5 diagnosis that is called personality disorder trait specified (PDTS), according to your chapter?

sexual promiscuity

"Let's just do away with diagnosis," says a clinician, "all we do is make things worse." That clinician's viewpoint is:

shared by SOME of those working in the area of abnormality.

Several people with schizophrenia work at a recycling center, where on-time behavior is expected, and payment is made solely for work completed. The people do not compete with each other. MOST likely, this work takes place at a:

sheltered workshop

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder:

shows improvement that often continues indefinitely.

which of the following is TRUE about case studies and single subject designs

single subject designs have more internal validity

when a gestalt therapist refuses to meet her patient's demands, the therapist is using:

skillful frustration

Behavorists

skinner, watson, bandura

John Brown and Abraham Lincoln were labeled by some as "insane" because of their views on

slavery

Which is not given as a theory for why people with antisocial personality disorder experience less anxiety than other people?

slow EKG waves

an inventory that asks about how one would act in a variety of situations is a ______ inventory.

social skills

After Marie's plane crashes, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often...___ is factor in her response to the stress

social support

After marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to maries coping ability after the accident, relates to

social support as a factor in her response to stress

Which of the following is BEST supported by current research?

social support stems to aid recovery in cancer patients

The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is:

social workers

someone who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital status, and roles in development of depression would most like represent which theoretical orientation

socio cultural

"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a ________________ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.

sociocultural

if a clinician is particularly interested in a clients family background and community influences, MOST likely that clinicians orientation is

sociocultural

the model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a clients's family structure, societal norms, and a client's roles in society is:

sociocultural

Mild intellectual developmental disorder is linked mainly to:

sociocultural and psychological causes.

MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be related to:

sociocultural and psychological factors.

the model of abnormality that examine the effects of society and culture is the:

sociocultural model

the model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the:

sociocultural model

the model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

sociocultural model

Madeline appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in her knee, shoulder, and abdomen, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and exhaustion. The patient history revealed that she had been going to clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints and a host of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that Madeline suffered from:

somatic symptom disorder

Abnormalities that are thought to have both biological and psychological causes are:

somatoform disorders

Hippocrates' model of mental illness would be described as:

somatogenic

If the idea of "preparedness" is accurate, then:

some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.

Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:

some, not most, cases of abnormal functioning

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely NOT to develop a stress disorder following trauma?

someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control

Which of the following people would be at MOST risk of suicide?

someone who has been in poor health all their life and is no terminal

You are watching a TV show in which police call in an expert to give them a psychological profile of the murderer, whose identity is unknown. If the show reflects reality, the profile given will be:

somewhat accurate; there are several characteristics that murderers often have in common

current multicultural perspectives are most likely to focus on:

special external pressure is faced by members of a culture

Which of the following is the BEST way to describe the growth of social media use in the past five years?

spectacular

A person who has Alzheimer's although there is no family history of the disease is said to be experiencing:

sporadic Alzheimer's.

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

standardization

another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is

standardization

another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

standardization

Laurent has three subpersonalities. Jackie emerges when Laurent is in an awkward social situation, Grace surfaces during sporting events, and Carlos appears when Laurent is angry. The therapist believes that the mood and conditions under which each subpersonality appears are critical to understanding this disorder, demonstrating a belief in:

state dependent learning

The work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of many _____________ around the country.

state hospitals

Aa a general rule is the sample is large the difference between the group is large and the range of scores within a group is small then the results are likely to be

statistically significant

As a general rule, if the sample is large, the difference between the groups is large, and the range of scores within a group is small, then the results are likely to be:

statistically significant

Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The experience left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her even though she never had a bad experience with a dog. Karen's fear of this dog is an example of:

stimulus generalization

Recent research shows that if one identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is about a 50 percent chance the other twin will develop schizophrenia. If future research confirms this finding, we will have evidence of:

strong environmental and strong genetic components of schizophrenia.

Ivan Pavlov

studied classical conditioning using salivating dogs as subjects

when roschach testers ask questions like did the person respond to the whole picture or to specific details, and to the the coors of the white houses? they are interested in the ____ of the response

style

if you encountered someone convicted of a violent criminal offense, you could legitimately also expect to find that the person

substance abuse

DSM-5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the following procedures EXCEPT:

substantially decreasing the number of diagnostic categories.

all forms of therapy have 3 essential features?

sufferer, healer, series of contacts b/t healer & sufferer

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode, EXCEPT:

suicidal ideation

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that is the conscience is the:

superego

according to freud, the ____ is the psychological force that represents a persons conscience.

superego

what we would call "conscience" is most like what Freud would call the:

superego

What is the first type of food usually eliminated form the diet of a developing anorexic person

sweets

the tiny space b/t the nerve ending of one neuron & the dendrite of the other is the

synapse

Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called:

synapses

messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called:

synapses

Another term for a cluster of symptoms is

syndrome

a cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a

syndrome

a cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

syndrome

another term for a cluster of symptoms is

syndrome

while under the influence of LSD, atilda belives that she can feel the sounds around her. this effect is known as

synesthesia

While under the influence of LSD, Matilda believes that she can feel the sounds around her. This effect is known as:

synesthesia.

General paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms including paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by:

syphilis

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

systematic desensitization

a behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:

systematic desensitization

you are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hiearchy and finally has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses

systematic desensitization

phobias

systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

systematic desensitization.

Women who want to reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's may benefit if they:

take estrogen for years after menopause.

studies that show most therapists these days are most likely to learn about the latest information on treatment of psychological disorders from:

talking with professional colleagues

Among the brain areas most important to long-term memory are the _________ lobes and the __________. frontal; cerebellum.

temporal; diencephalon

Providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called:

tertiary prevention

the DSM-IV-TR, the most widley used classification system of mental disorders, divides the categories along five separate axes. The Axis I disorders are disorders:

that typically cause significant impairment and may emerge in various points of the lifecycle

Critics of the "reuptake theory" of tricyclic antidepressant action focus on ______ to explain the mechanism by which tricyclics alleviate depressive symptoms.

the 7- to 14-day lag between the start of its blocking reuptake and its effect on depressive symptoms

The DSM-IV-TR was developed by

the American Psychiatric Association

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-5) was developed by:

the American Psychiatric Association.

Which of the following treatments for conduct disorder involves group therapy where children might work with others who have similar problems?

the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program

Which of the following is most likely to be used to assess psychological impairment following neurological damage?

the Luria-Nebraska Battery

If you went to a meeting of a group lobbying for better care for the mentally ill and made up primarily of family members of people with severe mental disorders, you would probably be attending:

the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill.

when a person has organic brain impairment, that person would most likely have difficulty

the bender visual motor gestalt test

which of the following statements about the use of projective techniques by todays clinicians is TRUE

the centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:

the chance to get a general sense of the client.

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many pctionerras. One particular strength of the interview process is

the change to get a general sense of the client

one limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that

the client may give an overly positive picture

Which of the following principles is MOST likely to result in a conflict with the mental health professional's obligation to maintain confidentiality for the patient?

the duty to protect

The age group MOST likely to commit suicide in the United States is:

the elderly

Clinicians now recognize that one of the most important aspects of treating Alzheimer?s disease and other forms of neurocognitive disorders is to focus on:

the emotional needs of the caregivers

Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing hysterical somatoform disorders from true medical problems?

the failure of a condition to develop as

the most common (and perhaps the most serious) objection to the insanity plea is that

the fundamental differences between law and the science of human behavior

Today, the cost of direct mental health services is MOSTLY paid by:

the government

According to the psychodynamic perspectives, if someone keeps engaging in immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:

the immoral images represent id impulses

a clinician using an ABAB design to reduce frequency of sucidial thoughts in a client finds in the second A condition sucidial thought remain as low as they had been at the end of the first B condition. the clinical can be reasonably sure that

the independant variable is not controlling the social thoughts

The variable manipulated in an experiment is called

the independt variable

research indicates that eyewitness testimony is

the jury is more likely to believe witness who is certain

which of the following best example of baseline data in a single subject design

the level of beaver before treatment begins

cognitive model

the model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:

humanistic-existential model

the model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the:

The principle of informed consent assumes that:

the participant can understand the explanation.

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:

the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs

Parens patriae refers to the state's right to make decisions that are in the individual's best interest, and to the idea that police power gives the state the right to protect society from harm. These two principles have been used to support:

the process of involuntary commitment

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

the psychodynamic approach

The model or paradigm an investigator uses influences:

the questions and observations the investigator uses.

Currently, the "Big-Five" approach to personality disorders is:

the recipient of recognition, with a great amount of research being done on it.

there are many obsticles that hinder psycholoist attempts to understand and treat disorders. all of the following are obstacles except:

the relatively rigid unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of humans

The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:

the responses come from the client's unconscious.

the assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:

the responses come from the clients unconscious

Kelly was in a passenger plane that had engine trouble. She watched as all four engines quit, one at a time. Then the plane exploded and she was thrown free 5,000 feet in the air. It was a miracle that she survived, although severely injured. She had landed in a thick pine forest covered with 10 feet or more of snow. When she regained consciousness several weeks later, she had a stress reaction that lasted for years, and she could never fly again. The factor that probably MOST contributed to her extreme posttraumatic stress reaction was:

the severity of the trauma

Kelly was in a passenger....

the severity of the trauma

What is libido

the sexual energy of the id

the model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal normals, and a client's roles in society is:

the sociocultural model

Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on:

the special external pressures faced by members of a culture.

which of the following is the MOST appropriate conclusion about new drug studies, placebo studies, symptom exacerbation studies and medication withdrawal studies

the studies have led to calls greater safeguards for patients

Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking include all of the following except:

the subcutaneous nicotine pump.

The following experiment is conducted to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children eat a sugared cereal. the remaining half eat cornflakes. The number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one hour play period after breakfast is then recorded. in this experiment

the type of cereal is the independent variable and the number of aggressive responses is the dependent variable

What is the PRIMARY source of sexual excitement for sexual sadists?

the victims suffering

Research on the cause of Alzheimer's disease has led to the conclusion that:

there appears to be a significant hereditary component, but this does not fully explain its onset.

Challenges faced by the clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT

there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research

Challenges faced by clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT:

there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research.

the majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the US are there because

they suffer from personality disorders

why is the plea of not guilty by reason of insanity generally unsuccessful for serial killers

they typically don't fit criteria of insanity

Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a:

third-party payer

Of the following alternatives, which is best for differentiating dissociative amnesia from dissociative fugue?

those with dissociative fugue travel

people who experience obsessions show

thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them

which of the following is the best way for clinicians to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior?

to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods

The most successful way to eliminate tardive dyskinesia is:

to stop the antipsychotic medication.

a frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing

tolerance

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the:

total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic

A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and religiously avoids any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting a(n):

touching compulsion

In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem asylum in London, became:

tourist attractions

the practice of trephination was probably used to:

treat abnormal behavior such as hallucinations or to remove bone splinters or blood clots

In the case of Wyatt v. Stickney, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that people who have been involuntarily committed have a right to:

treatment

The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is:

trisomy 21

Psychodynamic theorists believe that people who develop antisocial personality disorder have failed to develop a sense of:

trust

Men are ________ as likely as women to display obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

twice

People with low incomes are ___________ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of the stress disorders

twice

Comorbidity means that:

two disorders may occur together in an individual.

Of the following examples of case studies, the one MOST likely to be helpful in the study of abnormality would be a case study including a well tested research- supported form of therapy used to treat

uncommon disorder

if you recognize your worth as a person, carl rogers would say that you have devloped:

unconditional self-regard

If you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. The lemon is an example of a(n):

unconditioned stimulus

Research by cognitive theorists is on the topic of social anxiety disorder has shown support for the prevalence of all of the following among those with this diagnosis, EXCEPT:

underestimating how badly the social event went

Which of the following terms was the earliest used to describe those who we now refer to as "mentally ill?"

unstable

If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?" the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):

unstructured interview

if a clinician begins by asking, "would you tell me about yourself"? the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):

unstructured interview

if a clinician begins by asking, "would you tell me about yourself?" the clinician is most likely conducting a:

unstructured interview

what is the basis for making a 2 PC determination to commit on an emergency basis

when a person is a danger to themselves or others

which of the following is the best conclusion you could draw about the effectiveness of the various assessment techniques?

when all is said and done no technique stands out as superior

currently in the US, patients who are criminally committed to a mental hospital can be released

when they are judged to no longer be insane

Currently in the United States, patients who are criminally committed to a mental hospital can be released:

when they are no longer considered insane

Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior:

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

a long-term study of a clinical client

which of the following could be an example of a case study?

For a person to be involuntarily committed, the mental health professional must provide clear and convincing proof of mental illness:

with 75 percent certainty

Which of the following is an example of metaworry?

worrying about worrying

A forensic psychologist would be likely to do all of the following EXCEPT:

write legislation to regulate the practice of psychology in the courts

how good are mental health professionals at predicting dangerousness

wrong more often than right

Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:

yellow bile, blood, black bile, and phlegm

if dr. phil were a psychologist (he is not), would he be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on TV

yes

The heart patient complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The best diagnosis for this disorder is: A) pain disorder associated with psychological factors. B) somatization disorder. C) preoccupation disorder. D) conversion disorder.

Which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?

The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system, which then excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters, causing even more arousal

Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response?

The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids

The key emotions in mood disorders are: A) sadness and euphoria. B) helplessness and hopelessness. C) cyclothymia and dysthymia. D) self-denial and self-aggrandizement.

observer bias

The knowledge that the person a clinician is about to interview has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to:

Facebook users don't always know they are being studied

The major ethical concern with research on Facebook users is:

Psychodynamic

The model most likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy is?

Psychodynamic

The model most likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference"

biological model

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the:

Sociocultural model

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture

behavioral model

The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:

humanistic-existential model

The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the:

Psychodynamic model

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is

psychodynamic model

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the:

Anxiety Disorders

The most common mental disorders in the United States are

serotoninÂ

The neurotransmitter most often implicated in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

endocrineÂ

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the _____ system.

Axis IIÂ

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the _____ system.Â

Ego

The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our instinctual impulses is the

What is the basis for making a 2-PC determination to commit on an emergency basis?

The patient must be a danger to himself or herself, or others

remove a part of the brain

The practice of trephination was probably used to:

the participant can understand the explanation

The principle of informed consent assumes that:

the participant can understand the explanation.

The principle of informed consent assumes that:

The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressant drugs is about: A) 40%. B) 60%. C) 80%. D) almost 100%.

disorders in which symptoms are unconsciously produced in order to keep unconscious conflicts from conscious thought.

The psychophysiological disorders are:

Which of the following statements is true with regard to suicide and the elderly?

The rate of suicide for the elderly is approximately one-third higher than it is for the general population of the United States.

the difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is

The severity of the manic episodes

According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of their abnormal behaviors, which of the following steps would be taken?

The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person.

prevalence

The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the:

Evil spirits

The use of exorcism suggests a belief that we call mental illness was caused by?

Merge the subpersonalities into a single identity

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:

merge the subpersonalities into a single identity

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:

The white blood cells that destroy infected body cells are called: A) antigens. B) B-cells. C) helper T-cells. D) natural killer T-cells.

Behavioral

Theory focused on learned responses to the environment

Currently, which of the following is the BEST conclusion one can draw about cybertherapy?

There aren't enough controlled studies to fully assess cybertherapy's impact

Which of the following is the BEST example of dichotomous thinking?

There's only one thing to do and nothing else matters.

What do Parkinson-like symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia have in common?

They all involve disruption of motor control.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in this chapter?

They are mostly more prevalent in boys than in girls.

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

They are triggered by traumatic events

According to Edwin Shneidman, how do death ignorers primarily differ from other categories?

They believe death will not end their existence.

All of the following are characteristics of a serial murderer EXCEPT:

They have empathy for their victims

Which of the following is not true of the "oldest old," or those above the age of 95?

They often do more traveling than those in their 80s and early 90s.

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common?

They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

argues that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can control people whose unusual patterns of functioning upset or threaten the social order.

Thomas Szasz

According to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?

Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced

Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role dispute. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal deficit.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Treatment of depression

Systematic desensitization

Treatment of phobias

to receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least

Two years

a participant observer

Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to hitting. In this situation, Tina's mother is:

Axis II

Under what axis do long-standing personality problems fall in DSM-IV-TR?

Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." What is your BEST response?

Unfortunately, about a third of homeless people are mentally ill."

5 percent

Using generally accepted standards, what is the chance that a statistically significant result is due to chance?

You are a forensic psychologist testifying about the sanity of someone. The question that is hardest for you to be sure of answering correctly is:

Was the defendant sane at the time of the crime?

A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness. From this study, we know that:

We can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if we know a persons stress level

Studying unusual problems

What are case studies useful for?

Forgetting information that is specifically anxiety producing

What characteristic is shared by both hypnotic amnesia and dissociative disorders?

What conclusion does research on hypnosis and hypnotic amnesia support? A) Self-hypnosis relies on different processes and produces different behavioral outcomes. B) Dissociative disorders are extremely odd and inexplicable events. C) People with multiple personalities may be faking their condition. D) Dissociative disorders are similar to behaviors seen in hypnotic amnesia.

Popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

The placebo group gets no treatment

What is the ethical concern about placebo drug studies?

What kind of theory is Durkheim's theory of suicide? A) sociocultural B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) biological

Demonology

What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages?

What percentage of rape victims qualified for diagnosis of acute stress disorder in Rothbaum, et al.'s study (1992)? A) 12% B) 94% C) 43% D) 76%

What treatment approach is often used in cases of dissociative amnesia and fugue? A) family therapy B) amphetamine injections C) electroconvulsive shock therapy D) hypnotherapy

Hypnotism

What was the early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Mesmer, Josef Breuer, and even Sigmund Freud?

overgeneralization

When Jose did not get the job he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an example of:

When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to: A) helplessness. B) modeling. C) folie a deux D) hopelessness.

Mutually Cognizant Pattern

When all of the subpersonalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a:

dissociative disorder

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part?

-.06

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship?

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?

benzodiazepines

Which of the following drug types increases the activity of GABA?

It does not result in high external validity

Which of the following is a limitation of the case study?

Emotionally needy

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?

worrying about worrying

Which of the following is an example of a metaworry?

Fear of public speaking

Which of the following is an example of a narrow social phobia?

Intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service

Which of the following is an example of malingering?

clinicians using their own logic are more accurate than statistical analyses

Which of the following is an inaccurate belief that many clinicians appear to have?

clinicians using their own logic are more accurate that statistical analyses.

Which of the following is an inaccurate belief that many clinicians appear to have?

Which of the following is not a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for unipolar depression? A) education about what automatic thoughts are B) discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts C) encouraging people to become more active and confident D) prompting people to test their attitudes and thoughts

Which of the following is not true about suicide? A) Suicide is more often associated with Alzheimer's than with depression. B) Suicide estimates are probably low, in part because of the stigma associated with it. C) More people attempt than actually succeed in committing suicide. D) Many apparent accidents are probably really intentional suicides.

a detailed study of one case

Which of the following is the BEST example of the idiographic approach?

Which of the following is the best prototype (best reflects national data) of a rape victim? A) an adult woman who does not know the attacker B) a young woman who knows the attacker C) an African American male D) an adult (over 21) who is white

malingerers are trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness

Which of the following is true about malingering and factitious disorders?

Which of the following is true about malingering and factitious disorders? A) Malingerers are trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness. B) Malingerers and those with factitious disorders have no control over their behavior. C) Hysterical and factitious disorders are identical. D) Those with factitious disorders do not intentionally create illness

It ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables

Which of the following is true of the correlation coeficient

someone who is insightful and thinks clearly

Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit most from psychoanalytic treatment?

If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated.

Which of the following reflects the most common obsessive thought?

Which of the following risk percentage patterns would best support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder? ______ in the general population; ______ among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder; ______ among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder. A) 10%; 10%; 10% B) 40%; 10%; 1% C) 40%; 40%; 40% D) 1%; 10%; 40%

Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) No therapy has emerged as particularly effective for treating depersonalization disorder. B) Most cases of depersonalization disorder are associated with changes in brain activity. C) The presence of severe stressors in one's life is not a predictor of depersonalization disorder. D) Depersonalization disorder rarely occurs transiently.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding gender and suicide? A) Women attempt suicide more often than men. B) Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men. C) Men use more lethal means to commit suicide than women. D) the elderly are more likely to commit suicide than children.

MMPI-2

Which of the following tests is a personality inventory?

Which of the following would be a motivational symptom of depression? A) lack of desire to eat B) a negative view of oneself C) experiences of sadness and anger D) staying in bed for hours during the day

Which of the following would lead you to suspect hysterical rather than medical symptoms? A) a great number of accidents and an inability to get around in a "blind" person B) uniform and even numbness in the "damaged" hand C) muscle atrophy in the "paralyzed" body part D) symptoms consistent with the way the neurological system is known to work

Which of these statements would not reflect a part of the cognitive triad? A) Everyone is out to get me. B) Life is just too overwhelming. C) I don't even want to wake up tomorrow. D) I just can't go on.

Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder? A) People take overdoses of lithium because it makes them feel so good. B) People stop taking lithium because they dislike the euphoria it causes. C) People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without it. D) People stop taking lithium because they miss the depression.

alarmÂ

Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is assumed to involve activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

While walking through a forest during a rainstorm, 5-year-old Samir was almost struck by lightning. Today, as an adult, he is extremely afraid of trees. What is the conditioned stimulus in the example? A) the trees B) the lightning C) the rain storm D) the feelings of fear

Society

Who are what definite abnormality and use those criteria to judge particular cases?

PharmacistÂ

Who is never blind in an experiment?

Clergy

Who treated abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe?

The man who brought about the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was:

William Tuke

A person who suffered from the form of mass madness called lycanthropy may have believed him/herself to be possessed by:

Wolves

One who sufferes from dissociative identity disorder is most likely to be a

Woman who was physically abused as a child

which of the following statements is not true regarding gender and suicide

Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men

panic attack

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attach but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

Panic Attack

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a: A) panic attack. B) phobia. C) obsessive-compulsive response. D) posttraumatic disorder.

Your best advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be: A) "Couple therapy works better than other therapies if you have no marital problems." B) "Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy." C) "Try behavior therapy; it's the best therapy for severe depression." D) "Psychodynamic therapy or behavior therapy should work better than anything else."

Modeling

_________ is a treatment in which current is delivered to the prefrontal cortex through an external helmet-like electrical coil. A) ECT B) Deep brain stimulation C) Transcranial magnetic stimulation D) Vagus nerve stimulation

psychophysiologicalÂ

a client is hooked up to an apparatus that measure galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used it:

* Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. if he dies from repiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had:

a cross-tolerance effect

Which of the following is the BEST example of the idiographic approach

a detailed study of one case

a clinician can include three kinds of information in making a diagnosis......according to the DSM 5 a clinician is required to include

a diagnostic category and a severity rating but not additional information

the Most common cognitive disturbance in anorexia nervosa is:

a distorted body image

Of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology?

a dominant-culture assessor

which of the following would be motivational symptom of depression

a lack of desire to eat

temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if

a life is at stake

Which of the following could be an example of a case study

a long-term study of a clinical client

which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression

a negative view of ones self

if you were using the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking

a nomothetic understanding

A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of:

a perseveration of sameness.

clinical researcher

a person hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a:

A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity or situation is called

a phobia

How do phobias and common fear differ?

a phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object

"The heavier you are the more food you are likely to eat" if it is true, this statement expresses:

a positive correlation

The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat. If it is true, this statement expresses

a positive correlation

If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with the numbers of physical (health) complaints, one would MOST likely find:

a significant positive correlation

hippocrates' model of mental illness would be described as

a somatogenic perspective

A trephine is:

a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.

which of the following is NOT considered a research method?

a treatment plan for an individual

observational learning / vicarious learning

a type of learning in which a person learns new information and behaviors by observing the behaviors of others.

The fact that Alzheimer's disease resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease suggests that Alzheimer's may be caused by:

a virus

Which of the following people is MOST likely to be acquitted by reason of insanity?

a white American with schizophrenia

conditioned stimulus

A previously neutral environmental event that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus is called a(n):

Treatment

A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

placebo

A "fake" pill used as the control condition is a drug study is a:

the correlational method of research man include all of the following except

ABAB (reversal) studies

which of the following is an anxiety disorder

OCD

"Litigaphobia" and "litigastress"

feat of being sued

People who bing

generally consume about 10000 calories during a binge

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