health and wellness, professional nursing

Nursing malpractice

1) failure to follow standards of care 2) failure to use equipment in a responsible manner 3) failure to assess and monitor 4) failure to communicate 5) failure to document 6) failure to act as the patient advocate or follow chain of command

Five-Step Nursing Process

1. Assess - establish database 2. Diagnose - identification of healthcare needs and/or problems based on interpretation of data. Use clinical reasoning to draw conclusions for patient problems nurses can treat independently. 3. Plan - setting goals to achieve general (long-term) or specifically (short-term) outcomes. 4. Implement - initiating or completing actions in order to accomplish the defined goals. 5. Evaluate - determination whether or not outcomes have been met and interventions have been successful.

contemporary factors that influence nursing today

Contemporary- EHR (electronic health records), changes in medicine, delivery of care, the constant downshifting of skills (from Dr. to RN, and RN to LPN or CPA), increased demand for knowledgable RNs means an increase in skills/information taught

What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory? 1. Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment. 2. Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. 3. Nursing is an art. 4. Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process.

Florence Nightingale believed in meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. Hildegard Peplau believed nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Nursing is an art is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach, while Betty Neuman's nursing theory states that humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment.

historical factors that influence nursing today

Florence nightingale - statistician. Founder of modern nursing. WASH YOUR HANDS! Put the patient in the best position to heal (food, water, good visitors, physical position). Clara barton - civil war, American Red cross, 1st Geneva convention Lillian Wald - public health, school nursing Specifically in the lower east side of NYC Lavinia Dock - suffragette, campaigned for nurses to control nursing schools instead of doctors

Which statement provides accurate information related to chronic illness? 1. Most people with chronic conditions take on a sick role identity. 2. Chronic conditions do not result from injury. 3. Most people with chronic conditions do not consider themselves sick or ill. 4. Most chronic conditions are easily controlled.

Most people with chronic conditions do not consider themselves sick or ill.

nursing theory

Nursing theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice.

Laws affecting nursing practice

Occupational Safety and Health National Practitioner Data Bank Reporting obligations Controlled substances Discrimination and sexual harassment Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Restraints People with disabilities Legal issues related to death and dying (wills, advance directives)

health promotion before birth

Primary - prenatal education for food/toxins to avoid, situations to avoid. Flu shot for mom while pregnant. Prenatal vitamin with folic acid. Secondary Rh screening, u/s, AFP, amnio, GGT. Tertiary: insulin, diet for mom, genetic counseling for mom.

health promotion older adults

Primary: STD education, DNR/DNI, education for healthy lifestyle. "Move it or lose it." Depression prevention from medications or end of life thoughts. Mind stimulation. Secondary: STD screen, mental health screen, yearly physical. Tertiary: meds, specialists.

health promotion adolescent

Primary: avoid risky behavior (like drug use), sex education, menstruation, puberty education. Safety while driving/riding in the car- texting guidelines. Secondary: STD screening, boosters, safe home/school screening in well child. Tertiary: medications, condoms, BC.

health promotion infant and toddler

Primary: counsel parents in safe home and practices for baby (back to sleep, breastfeeding, etc.). Secondary: immunizations, well child visits, vision/hearing screening, developmental milestones being met, strategies to reduce disparities Tertiary: glasses, hearing aids, Head Start or developmental early intervention programs

health promotion adult

Primary: education for healthy lifestyle, STDs, reproduction, menopause, cancer, DNR/DNI. Secondary: STD screen, hearing screen, safe environment screen, yearly physical, mental health screening. Tertiary: meds, specialist exams, specialists

health promotion school age

Primary: parental and child education on healthy lifestyle, avoiding risky behaviors. Secondary: vaccinations, BMI checks, well child checks, vision/hearing screens, mental health screening. Tertiary: asthma rescue inhalers, medications, glasses, etc.

Which of the following describes the crisis phase of the trajectory model of chronic illness? 1. The course of the illness and symptoms are under control. 2. The client may require more diagnostic tests. 4. The client is experiencing a critical or life-threatening situation requiring emergency treatment. 3. The client is in the final days or weeks before death characterized by gradual or rapid shutting down of body processes.

The client is experiencing a critical or life-threatening situation requiring emergency treatment.

presbyopia, myopia, hyperopia

The term presbyopia refers to a decrease in accommodation that occurs because of aging. Hyperopia is the same as farsightedness and myopia refers to nearsightedness (when the person can see close objects without problems but distant objects are blurred).

Which client is at greatest risk for coronary artery disease? 1. a 32-year-old female with mitral valve prolapse who quit smoking 10 years ago 2. a 43-year-old male with a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cholesterol level of 158 (8.8 mmol/L) 3. a 56-year-old male with an HDL of 60 (3.3 mmol/L) who takes atorvastatin 4. a 65-year-old female who is obese with an LDL of 188 (10.4 mmol/L)

The woman who is 65 years old, overweight, and has an elevated LDL is at greatest risk. Total cholesterol greater than 200 (11.1 mmol/L), LDL greater than 100 (5.5 mmol/L), HDL less than 40 (2.2 mmol/L) in men, HDL less than 50 (2.8 mmol/L) in women, men 45 years and older, women 55 years and older, smoking and obesity increase the risk of CAD. Atorvastatin reduces LDL and decreases risk of CAD. The combination of postmenopausal, obesity, and high LDL places this client at greatest risk.

Which of the following clients requires increased sensory stimulation to prevent sensory deprivation? 1. A 24-year-old client who has been admitted with an anxiety disorder and appears very agitated 2. A 60-year-old client who is blind, reads books through use of Braille, listens to the radio, and regularly takes walks around the unit 3. A 65-year-old client who has employment-induced presbycusis and advanced glaucoma 4. An 84-year-old client who has hemiparesis and ambulates with a walker

There is more risk of sensory deprivation when the primary senses are impaired. This client is most at risk for sensory deprivation because of two sensory deficits: hearing and vision. These two are primary senses that help a person stay oriented and communicate with others. The 24-year-old client has senses intact but is experiencing an anxiety disorder. The 60-year-old client has one sensory deficit, blindness, but is compensating by reading books and listening to tapes. An elderly person with mobility problems, who is using mobility aids, and hence can still socialize is not experiencing sensory deficits.

professional regulations of nursing practice

a. State of Minnesota nurse practice act - comes from BON, lists violations, b. NCSBN - formed group to determine nursing issues (TERCAP), federal regulation, regulation of NCLEX c. MNBON - discipline, med admin, conduct, licensing accredit education, police d. American Nurses Association - code of ethics, scope, standards, advocacy e. JCO nonprofit, regulates bodies, accredits Medicare, focus on preventing issues, 7 national pax safety goals. f. QSEN, nonprofit, quality and safety education for nurses

wellness definition

active state of being healthy. Awareness and promotion of own health. What you are doing to reach your definition of optimal health.

tertiary health promotion

begins after DX and treatment. Reduce disability, rehab. Managing the disease.

nurse's role in health promotion

behavior of a person motivated by personal desire to increase wellbeing and health potential. It is also affected by how the person perceives three things: their susceptibility to the disease, the severity of the disease, and the benefits of action in regards to being healthy

All diseases have risk factors. What is the most significant environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer? 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Cigarette smoking 4. Heavy metal toxicity

ciggies

The control systems of the body act in many ways to maintain homeostasis. These control systems regulate the functions of the cell and integrate the functions of different organ systems. What else do they do? 1. Control life processes 2. Feed cells under stress 3. Act on invading organisms 4. Shut down the body at death

control life processes

Adaptation theory

describes adjustment of living things to other living things and the environment.

Systems theory

describes how parts interact together.

Developmental theory

describes maturation of humans through stages.

primary health promotion

health promotion, avoid disease, protection against disease. Examples include: immunizations, dieting, weight loss, safe sex practices, education

As part of a primary cancer prevention program, an oncology nurse answers questions from the public at a health fair. When someone asks about laryngeal cancer, the nurse should explain that:

laryngeal cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer.

malpractice

negligence by professional personnel wrongdoing, unprofessional/unethical behavior

When a nurse is assessing a patient with osteoarthritis, which of the following factors poses a risk factor for the disease? 1. Sedentary life style 2. Obesity 3. Smoking 4. Hypertension

obesity

Negligence

performing an act that a reasonably prudent person under similar circumstances would not do. Act of omission or commission. Carelessness, lack of proper care even though you are capable of giving that high quality care.

A nurse is assisting with screening of specific ethnic groups to identify possible cancer-predisposing genes. The nurse is engaged in which of the following? 1. Susceptibility testing 2. Population screening 3. Presymptomatic testing 4. Predisposition testing

population

critical characteristics of the profession; values, attitudes, personal qualities and professional behaviors

protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Knowledge base of information, standards, passion- who you are, prepared to make your own judgments, compassion and respect

illness definition

response of a person to disease (pathological condition). Abnormal process and LO/functioning decreased.

secondary health promotion

screening. ID illness. Reduce severity (including the severity of cost), reverse or cure, reduce disparities

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is exhibiting extreme anxiety and behavior upset prior to receiving stitches for a deep chin laceration. Which nursing intervention is priority? 1. Ensuring that emergency equipment is readily available 2. Serving as an advocate for the family to ensure appropriate pharmacologic agents are chosen 3. Conducting an initial assessment of pain to serve as a baseline from which options for relief can be chosen 4. Ensuring the lighting is adequate for the procedure but not so bright to cause discomfort

serving as advocate. When a child is manifesting extreme anxiety and behavioral upset, the priority nursing intervention is to serve as an advocate for the family and ensure that the appropriate pharmacologic agents are chosen to alleviate the child's distress.

health definition

state of feeling well. Active process, different definitions for different people. Physical, mental, social wellbeing. Passive state. Optimal state of functioning

Students are reviewing information about rehabilitation and brain and spinal cord injuries. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as being responsible for approximately one-half of all traumatic brain injuries? 1. motorcycle accidents 2. substance abuse 3. genetic predisposition 4. work-related injuries

substance abuse

Women having in vitro fertilization (IVF) can have both the egg and sperm examined for genetic disorders of single gene or chromosome concerns before implantation. T/F?

true

A 77-year-old client presents to the local community center for a blood pressure (BP) screening; BP is recorded as 180/90 mm Hg. The client has a history of hypertension but currently is not taking the prescribed medications. Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask the client first? 1. "Why are you not taking your medications?" 2. "What medications are you prescribed?" 3. "Are you able to get to your pharmacy to pick up your medications?"

why aren't you?