Health chapter 7
As a general rule, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of protein for adults is _____ per kilogram of body weight?
0.8 grams
What is the amount of change needed in water balance to activate the thirst center?
1%
Jackeline is 25-years-old, and her nutritionists recommended she eat 1,500 calories per day in order to lose a few pounds. How many of those calories should come from protein?
150 to 525 calories.
Hugo measures the pressure in his car's tire and finds that it is 32 Psi. What is the pressure if he converts this measurement from Psi to Torr?
1654
Approximately how much of the human body is water?
60%
Which of the following would NOT be considered a possible health effect associated with a high-protein diet?
A decreased risk of cancer.
Which of the following foods would NOT be considered a good source of protein?
A dish of apple slices.
Which of the following health effects may occur if you have low levels of iodine?
A goiter
The six accepted diet-planning principles offer advice on the amount of nutrients a person needs to maintain their health. What is the principle of nutrient density?
A person should consume more high-nutrient, lower calorie food than higher calorie, low nutrient food.
Which of the following describes the recommended calorie ranges for carbohydrates, fats and proteins?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
Why should people be careful about how many alcoholic beverages they consume?
Alcoholic beverages that are made of 10% or more alcohol cause dehydration.
Which of the following is the hydrostatic equation?
All are correct
Which of the following statements best defines a mineral?
An inorganic compound that's needed in small amounts for the regulation of your body's processes and health.
Why do animal-based foods tend to be good sources of protein?
Because all animals contain protein in their muscles and tissues.
Why are children, especially in under-developed countries, susceptible to protein-energy malnutrition?
Because they require higher amounts of protein than other age groups to support their growing bodies.
How does a vitamin C supplement compare to a vitamin B supplement?
Both vitamin C and vitamin B supplements are water soluble and have very low risks of toxicity
What was abertura?
Brazil's process of democratization
Prior to World War I, who was Latin America's largest trading partner?
Britain
How do sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain your blood pressure?
By helping your body regulate its fluid balance.
All of the following are trace minerals EXCEPT _____, which is a macromineral.
Calcium
Why are people who eat a vegan diet most likely to benefit from a calcium supplement?
Calcium supplements help to give the vegans strong teeth and bones, since they don't eat animal and dairy products.
Which of the following minerals help strengthen your bones?
Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
Why is drinking water good for the brain?
Cerebrospinal fluid includes water. This fluid protects the brain from trauma.
Which of the following is the best definition for Torr?
Change in the height of mercury inside the glass tube of a barometer resultant from atmospheric pressure
Which of the following actions would cause an individual to experience lower pressure as measured in Atmospheres?
Climbing to the top of a mountain in the Andes or Himalayas
Fluoride can help prevent which of the following health problems?
Dental caries
Which of the following is a good first step when creating a healthy eating plan?
Evaluate your current food intake by using a food journal.
Which equation represents Archimedes' Principle?
FB= ρf Vf g
In 1989, whom did the people of Brazil elect?
Fernando Collor
Prior to the war, which of these countries did Chile export a huge amount of nitrates to?
Germany
A lack of iodine can result in a swelling of the neck called a _____.
Goiter
If you were trying to calculate your individual DRI, which of the following would be most useful?
Height, weight, gender
Ana has been tired lately. When she went to the physician, she was diagnosed with anemia and given a supplement. Which of the following minerals is probably in Ana's supplement?
Iron
Carolyn goes to the doctor complaining of tiredness and shortness of breath. The doctor determines that Carolyn is suffering from anemia, or low hemoglobin. Which mineral should the doctor prescribe for Carolyn?
Iron
Which mineral supplement, if taken in high amounts, could result in organ damage and can poison children?
Iron
A college student has recently begun cooking for herself and researching for information on how to prepare healthy meals that complete her nutrient needs. Why is the dietary reference intake a good source for her to consult?
It describes how much of each nutrient healthy individuals should eat.
Why is drinking water good for the joints?
It helps lubricate them.
Why is the supplement folic acid helpful for pregnant women?
It helps protect against birth defects.
Why should a person not eat more of a nutrient than recommended in the tolerable upper limit?
It is the maximum daily intake of a nutrient you can consume without complications.
Which of these is true of pre-World War I Latin America?
It relied heavily on exports.
If the weight of an object that is submerged in a fluid is 10 N and the buoyant force on it is 20 N, what will happen to the object?
It will float
Which organ(s) regulates fluid output?
Kidneys
A documentary film features children living in a famine-stricken country. They are shown with swollen bellies. Which disorder are these children most likely suffering from?
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus and kwashiorkor are caused by what type of diet deficiencies?
Marasmus results when the diet is deficient in both protein and energy, while kwashiorkor is the result of only protein deficiency.
Which of the following patients is most likely suffering from iron deficiency anemia?
Mary has been feeling tired, weak, and irritable for a week.
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about minerals?
Minerals are only needed during times of growth.
Select the plate that contains the lowest amount protein.
Noodles and carrots
Food guides are tools developed by the federal government that divide foods into five groups. Which of the following is NOT one of those five food groups?
Oils
Why might someone who lives in a cold climate need less water than someone who lives in a warm climate?
People in cold climates do not lose as much water through sweat.
Trace minerals are minerals that your body needs in relatively small amounts. Which of the following is NOT a trace mineral?
Potassium
If someone is measuring pressure, they might use any of the following units EXCEPT _____.
Pounds
Which of the following increases with the depth of the liquid?
Pressure
The nutritional needs of 97-98% of the population are described by what?
RDAs
Which of the following best defines Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
Recommendations on the nutrient intakes people should consume to maintain their health.
Ricky Bobby just finished an intense workout at the gym. He is sweating profusely. His personal trainer suggested that he have a mineral drink for fluid balance and to replace the electrolytes he lost during his workout. Which three minerals does Ricky Bobby need?
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
What is water balance?
The amount of water you consume equals the amount you excrete.
Explain the difference between trace minerals and macrominerals.
The body needs trace minerals in small amounts while it needs macrominerals in larger amounts.
What is Archimedes' Principle?
The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
In the hydrostatic equation, what does d represent?
The depth of the liquid
What is the difference between information found on a food label and DRIs?
The food label is a simplified RDA.
Which best describes pressure?
The force exerted over a given area
With few exceptions, who is responsible for ensuring that vitamin supplements are safe and effective?
The manufacturer.
How does a large and heavy object float?
The object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight
If gas is added to a container which has a fixed volume, what happens to the pressure in that container?
The pressure increases as a result of a greater number of particles
Which best describes the buoyant force?
The upward force of a fluid
Besides being major minerals, what function do calcium, phosphorus and magnesium share?
They are important for your bone health.
Which of the following is TRUE of mineral supplements?
They are products intended to add nutritional value to your diet.
Which of the following is TRUE of vitamin supplements?
They are products intended to add nutritional value to your diet.
Which of the following is NOT true about liquids?
They fill their entire container
According to neoclassical economics, why might a Latin American immigrant want to migrate to the United States?
To improve economically and earn more money.
What symptoms are associated with a deficiency of vitamin A and how can this deficiency be fixed?
Vision problems. The consumption of milk, carrots, and dark green vegetables might help.
Which of the following vitamin supplements would vegans likely benefit from the most?
Vitamin B12
Which vitamin is added to fortified milk to help keep your bones healthy?
Vitamin D
Which vitamin plays an important role in blood clotting?
Vitamin K
Which of the following sets contains two vitamins that are antioxidants?
Vitamins E and C
Why do we say that the old adage that we need to drink 8 glasses of water per day isn't entirely accurate?
Water requirements depend on different factors such as age, climate, disease, etc.
How are water soluble vitamins different from fat soluble vitamins?
Water soluble vitamins like vitamins B and C are easily excreted. Fat soluble vitamins like vitamins A and D are stored in fat and the liver.
When assessing your progress, what are three health factors that demonstrate how well you've been implementing your healthy eating plan?
Weight, blood pressure, and blood chemistry.
Which of these was NOT a consequence of U.S. involvement in Latin America?
a booming economy and a rise of the common class
While fluoride can help children develop healthy teeth, if a child gets too much of this mineral it can result in _____.
dental fluorosis
What was the main factor that caused the end of Kubitschek's term as president?
falling coffee prices
Brazil is a:
federal republic
What is the one reason given for why the U.S. may have wanted João Goulart out of office?
his ties to communism
Social capital theory examines _____
how migrants' social networks transmit information about immigration to their home country.
Segmented labor market theory argues _____.
immigrants perform undesirable jobs that nobody wants.
Water helps keep the mucus membranes of your body healthy. These membranes are found in several places, including your _____.
lips
Calcium supplements can benefit older women because they are more susceptible than other individuals to getting _____.
osteoporosis
The new economics of migration stresses that immigrants will _____
remit money to their home country.
Import Substitution Industrialization can be defined as:
replacing foreign imports with domestic production
World system theory stresses _____
the role of globalization and political history between two countries.
