Health Psychology Exam I

Spiral Stage Theory

1. Precontemplation 2. Preparation 3. Action 4. Maintenance

Health Psychologist

Alongside physician and patient, develop goals with patients, psychological causes

Illness Behavior

Behaviors done before diagnosis No medical treatment

Nervous System

Central and Peripheral

Curanderos

Healers

Conceptualization Process

Identify disease Timeline Cause Consequences Controllability

Autonomic Nervous System

Involuntary Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Medulla and Pons

Involuntary - respiratory control

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Rest/digest

Medicare

Retirement plan >65

American India Treatment

Rituals 'sweat' lodges Western biomedicine

Tao

Source of energy

Neuroticism

Tend to seek help more Complain more = less attention from physician

Ayurveda

Traditional Indian Medicine Earth Water Air Fire Ether (source of matter)

People without insurance

Uncontrollable health concerns Difficulty attaining medicine More crisis, emergencies, deaths

Biomedical Model

Physiological and philosophical Separates mind and body Focus mainly on bodily processes only - illness Reductionistic

Health Maintenance Organization

Prevention is preferable, limit services, referrals

Ultimate Goal of Health Psychology

Put theory into practice Promote healthy behaviors and prevent illness

Reductionistic

Reduces illness to smallest single factor - chemical imbalance factor

Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

Attitude, subjective norms, and motivation influence behavior and planned behavior is controlled

Self-Efficacy

Bandura Cognitive social learning theory; expectancy that one's efforts will be successful

Acupuncture

Began in U.S. in 1970s (Nixon) 2000 points on human body that affect qi Painless

Sick Role Behavior

Behaviors done after diagnosis

Acupuncture Theories

Block pain signals Stimulate nervous system Endorphins and opiates naturally released in body

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord

What is Health Psychology

Causes and responsibilities of illness and treatment

Why is Health Psychology Needed

Changing patterns of illness Role of epidemiology

Hospital challenges for children

Separation from family Unfamiliarity Diagnostic tests Anesthesia immunizations Surgeries PAIN - hard to determine - distraction, modeling ,virtual reality

Ayurveda Treatment

Shamans

Yin

Darkness, moon, cold, and female

Sick Role Responsibilities

Duty to maintain health - take medication, listen to doctor Perform routine health care expectations Use range of health care ***Works well for acute not well for chronic

Insurance Plans

Employer or preferred providers

Qi

Energy flow in one's body

Sympathetic Nervous System

Fight/flight

Hospital Environment

Shorter stays - technology Hospital-Patient Role - voice concerns

Goals of Health Psychology

1. Evaluate role of behavior and cause of illness 2. Predict unhealthy behaviors 3. Evaluate interactions between psychology and physiology 4. Understand role of psychology in illness 5. Evaluate role of psychology in treatment - hybrid approach

Factors that affect seeking medical care

1. Personal factors 2. Gender 3. Age 4. Social Economic Status 5. Ethnicity 6. Symptom characteristics

Predictors of Adherence

1. Severity of disease 2. Treatment conditions 3. Personal factors 4. Environmental factors 5. Cultural norms 6. Practitioner-patient interaction 7. Practitioner personal characteristics

History of Health Psychology

1973 - APA task force 1978 - Division 38 1982 - Health psychology journal 2001 - APA mission statement

African American Beliefs

African healing/healers European medicine mixed West Indies voodoo Fundamentalist christianity HERBS Spiritual healers - ancestral spirits - still apart of you

American Indian Medicine

Herbal remedies Ritual purification Symbolic rituals Healers - medicine men/women or shamans 10000 years Everyday responsibility to maintain to balance Healing - mind, body, emotion - SPIRIT

Brain

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Western Biomedicine

Hipporates and Galen Body - reductionist Technology Drug Therapy

Practitioner Preferences

Holistic Competent Confident Humane Personal Respectful Empathetic

Psychological Influences

How you stay healthy, become ill, and respond to illness

American India Sources of Illness

Humans Natural world Out of spirit/balance

Behavioral Theory

Skinner Operant conditioning +/- reinforcement Cues Rewards Contracts

Onset

Influenced by health beliefs, behavior, and stress

Outcome

Influenced by quality of life, longevity, behavior, and adherence

Adaption

Influenced by seeking help, pain, support, behavior, belief, and adherence

Biopsychosocial model

Interplay between biological, psychological, and social - Equally important and included in treatment plan Diagnosis and treatment with whole patient in mind Patient/Practitioner open relationship

Factors that influence culture

Social economic status and sex

Health Psychology Studies

Interventions - applied research Preventions and treatment Etiology - research cause of illness Healthcare - policy

Yang

Light, sun, hot, and male

Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic and autonomic

Medicaid

Low income Physical problems

Sick Role Privileges

Make decisions regarding their healthcare Exempt from certain duties Dependent on someone else

Mexican American Treatment

Material - religious symbol, household items, food Spiritual/Christian based - medium trans Mental - investing into healer

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Treats majority Body = whole Tao Yin/Yang Qi Physician/Treatment - plants/drugs Macroscopic = Holistic

Hindbrain

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

Curanderismo and Spiritualism

Mexican American folk-healing system Use mechanisms of food, herbs, plants, oils

Female Physician

More patient centered Positive communication Emotional focus

Cerebellum

Motor movement control

Mexican American Sources of Illness

Natural and supernatural Biblical influences - Luke 10:34

Culture

Stable set of shared goals, beliefs, and attitudes

Difficult aspects of hospital stays

Nonperson Lack information/communication Loss of control Long waits

Mortality

Number of deaths at specific time

Morbidity

Number of flu cases at specific time

Transtheoretical Model

Stages of Change Model Spiral Stage Theory

Illness

Onset Adaption Outcome

Midbrain

Pathway for sensory and motor impulses

Adherence

Patient's choice/willingness to follow recommended health practices

Symptom Characteristics

Visibility Severity Interference w/ life Frequency and persistence

Somatic Nervous System

Voluntary muscle