Health Unit 6 (Risky Behaviors and Choices)

You should suspect head injury if the victim is experiencing the following symptoms:

-lack of responsiveness or moaning -vision problems or confusion -trouble walking or moving -seizures, vomiting, or headache

When do head, neck, and/or spine injuries occur most often?

-vehicle accidents -fall from a height -electrocution -sporting event

Car crashes are the #________ cause of death for young drivers and teens.

1

What should you do with a victim who has an internal injury?

1. Contact emergency services 2. Put the victim in a horizontal position on their back 3. Make sure they don't move 4. Check for signs of shock 5. If victim doesn't respong, start CPR

What approaches can parents use to more effectively manage teens' peer relationships?

1. Design the environment to provide safe activities that focus on young teens' need for sensation-seeking 2. Supervise teens' interactions with peers and provide rules for peer interactions can limit opportunities for risky behavior. 3. Know and enforce graduated driving laws. 4. Talking with teens about peers and peer pressure.

What are the key differences between giving CPR to a child and to an adult?

1. For adults, call 911 first, then begin CPR. For children, do 5 reps of compressions, then call 911. 2. When performing compressions, one may use one or two hands depending on the size of the child 3. For children, the depth of compressions is 1/3 to 1/2 of an inch. For adults, it is at least two inches.

How do you deal with a common nosebleed?

1. Sit in an upright position 2. Pinch nose for 10 minutes

How do you perform the heimlich maneuver?

1. Stand behind the victim 2. Form a fist with one hand and place your fist, thumb side in, just below the person's ribcage in the front. 3. Grab your fist with your other hand. 4. Keep your arms off the person's ribcage, give 4 quick inward and upward thrusts. 5. Repeat until the obstructing object is coughed out or emergency personnel arrive.

What is priority number 1 and 2 for dealing with bleeding wounds, like cuts or scrapes?

1. Stop the bleeding 2. Keep the wound clean to minimize chance of infection

How do you use an AED?

1. Turn on 2. Wipe bare chest dry 3. Attach pads 4. Plug in connector, if necessary 5. Stand clear 6. Analyze heart rhythm (the AED can do it for you) 7. Deliver shock

When performing infant CPR, the depth of the compression should be:

1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest

Recommended rate for effective compressions for adult/child is:

100-120 compressions per minute

Susceptibility to peer influence peeks at:

14

In case of a nosebleed that persisted for more than ____ minutes, you should call 911 for help.

15

At what age is the human brain fully developed?

25

Graduated licensing laws have reduced teens crashes up to ________%.

30

The crash rate for teenager is ________ times the amount for adults.

4

Brain damage is likely if intervention occurs ____________________ after the heart stops.

6-10

How many serious injuries and deaths did car-surfing cause in an eight year period?

99 serious injuries, 58 deaths

What is the first stage of graduated licensing?

A learner's permit

How should you deal with bleeding?

Apply pressure! Use dressings if available.

When performing adult CPR, the depth of compression should be:

At least two inches deep

When are teens more likely to crash?

At night, or when there are other teenagers in the car.

If the victim refuses first aid, what should you do?

Call 911 and stay with the victim until help arrives.

What are the two types of fractures?

Closed/simple (skin is intact) and open/compound (involves a wound with mild to severe bleeding)

What does CAB stand for?

Compressions, airway, breathing

What should you do if you sustain an electrical burn?

Consult a doctor as soon as possible

What are the correct steps for providing Hands-Only CPR?

Dial 911, push hard and fast in the center of the chest, and get an AED

What is important to know for third-degree burns?

Don't apply butter or ointment. Don't break blisters. Don't use ice. Don't immerse in cold water.

Which group is most likely to engage in risky driving when friends are present?

Early adolescents

What does FAST stand for?

Face— Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop? Arm—Weakness or numbness in one arm. Ask the person to raise both arms to find out if there is weakness in the limbs. Does one arm drift downward?Speech—Slurred speech or trouble speaking Ask the person to speak a simple sentence to listen for slurred or distorted speech. Time—Time to summon EMS personnel if any of these signs or symptoms are seen FOR A STROKE, THINK FAST

It is not important to wait for the chest to come back to its original position after each compression. T/F

False, it is important

Teenagers engage in risky behavior because they are not good at evaluating risk.

False, teenagers engage in risky behavior because their brains aren't fully developed.Adolescents are more distressed than adults when they are excluded by peers.

What are the characteristics of first, second, and third degree burns?

First: least serious; skin is red, painful, swelling, and dry without blisters. Only the outer layer. Second: produce blisters, severe pain, and redness.

How do you check an infant for responsiveness?

Flick the bottom of its foot

What should you use to protect yourself when performing first aid?

Gloves, eye protection, mask protection (if performing mouth to mouth)

What should parents do to keep their teens safe while driving?

Have a curfew of 9 or 10, insist on seatbelt use, don't allow other teens in the car, prolong getting a license for as long as possible, etc.

Where do dangerous nose bleeds originate?

In the back artery of the nose.

What is a recommended position for the victim when performing CPR?

Lying flat on their back on a firm, smooth surface.

Chances of brain death are likely if the heart stopped for:

More than 10 minutes

What types of cars should teens avoid?

Pick-up trucks, sporty cars, and small cars

If the victim sustained broken bone or strain, you can:

Raise the injured part, as long as it does not cause more pain

What are examples of graduated licensing laws?

Restricting when teens can drive (not at night) restricting the number of teens in the car, etc

What does the prefrontal cortex help you do?

Set goals, pay attention, stay motivated, plan, understand consequences, have self-control, etc. (executive functions)

What does an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) do?

Shocks the heart and restarts the heart to a normal rhythm.

Who are the key decision makers of teens' driving?

Their parents

What are some of the reasons that teens get into car accidents so often?

They are inexperienced, immature, and thrill-seeking.

What is the concept behind graduated licensing?

To ease teens into driving to that they gain experience in low risk situations.

Adolescents are more distressed than adults when they are excluded by peers.

True

Chances of performing successful first aid increase if more than one person is involved. T/F

True

Injury to abdominal area should be treated as an internal injury. T/F

True

When suspecting head injury, you should also suspect an injury to the neck and/or spine. T/F

True

When the victim is choking, his/her air passage is blocked. T/F

True

If the victim is breathing normally, but not responding, what should you do?

Turn the victim to the side and wait for emergency personnel.

What is first aid?

Urgent medical care provided to someone who is in need of immediate assistance due to illness or injury before qualified professionals arrive on the scene.You should suspect head injury if the victim is experiencing the following symptoms:

consequence definition

a result of your actions and decisions

When checking for breathing, if you hear gasps...

assume the victim is not breathing normally and proceed with CPR

If not comfortable with your abilities to perform CPR, you should:

call 911 and perform external chest compressions

What does CPR stand for?

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

When administering CPR for children you should:

do 5 reps of compressions, 30 each with 2 breaths 1 second long, then call EMS

Common food types that can cause allergic reaction are:

eggs, peanuts, and chocolate

The purpose of the first aid guide, which is included in the first aid kit is to...

explain how to use the supplies included in the first aid kit.

Over ____________ of teens say they have texted while driving and even more have said that they talk on the phone while driving.

half

One of the OSHA's recommendations when coming in contact with bodily fluids, skin or blood is to:

inform your supervisor and contact the doctor as soon as possible.

If the victim is responsive, you should...

introduce yourself and offer help

The biggest danger with non-bleeding wounds is...

it's difficult to assess the damage.

In contrast to adults, adolescents are __________ likely to engage in risky driving when they knew that their friends were observing them than when they were alone

more

The ______________________________ which is responsible for decision making is not fully developed until a person reaches their mid 20's which is why young people have a hard time seeing the real risks behind their choices.

prefrontal cortex

If the victim is unresponsive, you should:

proceed with CPR and/or first aid as soon as possible

When finding carotid artery, you are looking to check the victim's:

pulse

Research shows that the ________________________________________ region of the brain is used more heavily by adults when being socially excluded than by adolescents.

right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Taking risks stimulates the ________________-, the part of the brain that's related to getting rewards.

striatum

Taking risks stimulates the _________________ that is associated with getting rewards. This part of the brain is more active during the teenage years than any other time.

striatum

What is neuromaturation?

the development of the brain

Before administering first aid, you must always make sure that...

the scene is safe for you and the victim.

collaborate definition

to work together with one or more people

Teens are more sensitive to emotionally-loaded situations that children and adults.

true

The crash rate for 16 year olds is _______________ as high as the crash rate of 18 and 19 year olds.

twice

CPR must be performed if these conditions exist:

unconsciousness and no breathing and/or no pulse.

For 1-21 year olds, what is the leading cause of death?

unintentional injuries/accidents

The 5th leading cause of death in the US is...

unintentional injuries/accidents

What is the most important reason to be aware of your location?

when calling 911, you need to inform emergency personnel of your location

What does the GREAT decision model stand for?

• Give thought to the problem • Review your choices • Evaluate the consequences of each choice • Assess and choose the best choice • Think it over afterward

What should you do when you make a mistake?

• STOP - Admit that you made a poor decision. • THINK - Discuss ways to correct the situation. • GO - Do your best to correct the situation.