history 111 chapter 23, Hst 111 Ch 24, Hst 111 ch 25
b
"Militant Liberty" was the code name for a national security agency that: a) patrolled the border in search of illegal aliens. b) encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies. c) required labor unions to purge suspected communist leaders. d) forced schools to fire teachers and professors suspected of teaching Marxist ideas. e) encouraged artists to paint work in a Norman Rockwell style.
During the Bay of Pigs invasion: a) the CIA failed in its mission. b) Eisenhower suspended trade with Cuba. c) the CIA restored Fulgencio Batista to power. d) a popular uprising of anti-Castro Cubans toppled Castro's regime. e) Fidel Castro took over American landholdings.
A
The Cuban Missile Crisis: a) brought the United States and the Soviets to the brink of nuclear war. b) brought the United States into Vietnam. c) revolved around the placement of missiles in the Soviet Union. d) revolved around the placement of missiles in the United States. e) occurred when Cuba threatened to attack the United States.
A
c
According to the policy of containment, as laid out by George Kennan, the: a) Soviets could have a free hand in international affairs. b) United States should invade the Soviet Union. c) United States wascommitted to preventing the spread of communism. d) United States was committed to preventing the spread of democracy. e) United States accepted the right of communism to exist anywhere
a
After Vietnam was divided at a peace conference in Geneva: a) the United States supported the anticommunist leader Ngo Dinh Diem. b) the United States supported the quest for Vietnamese independence. c) the United States remained neutral. d) the French regained control of their former colony. e) Ngo Dinh Diem's rule was widely accepted.
d
After World War II ended, Japan: a) did not receive aid from the United States. b) received economic assistance from the Soviets. c) returned to its prewar political structure. d) received economic assistance from the United States. e) never recovered economically.
c
After World War II, most working women: a) remained in the industrial jobs they held during the war. b) did not work outside the home. c) were concentrated in low-paying, nonunion jobs. d) earned the same wages as men. e) joined unions.
b
After World War II, suburban growth: a) declined. b) increased dramatically, especially in California. c) occurred primarily in the South. d) was dominated by expensive housing. e) was discouraged by state and federal government policies.
d
After World War II, the automobile: a) declined in use, and the Midwest suffered economically. b) became a status symbol only for the wealthy. c) remained a luxury, not a necessity of life. d) altered the American landscape. e) was replaced by the train as the preferred method of transportation.
a
After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was: a) the Soviet Union. b) Germany. c) Japan. d) Great Britain. e) France
e
All of the following are enactments of the policy of containment EXCEPT: a) The Truman Doctrine. b) The Marshall Plan. c) The Berlin Airlift. d) The Korean War. e) The Warsaw Pact
e
All of the following contributed to the emergence of the civil rights movement of the 1950s EXCEPT: a) the mass migration out of the South to the North beginning in World War I. b) the destabilization of the racial system during World War II. c) the Cold War, which demanded that the rhetoric of democracy be practiced in America. d) the rise of independent states in the Third World. e) President Truman's refusal to desegregate the military.
c
All of the following spurred the growth of the suburban middle class EXCEPT: a) federal tax subsidies. b) mortgage guarantees for home purchases. c) trains and streetcars. d) federal highway construction. e) the GI Bill.
e
All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT: a) the Cold War reshaped immigration policy. b) the Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education. c) Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers. d) the Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation. e) Cold War military spending weakened the economy.
b
All of the following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT: a) the Fair Deal included a provision to expand public housing. b) Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans. c) the Fair Deal included a provision to increase the minimum wage. d) the Fair Deal included a provision to create a national health insurance program. e) the Fair Deal included a provision to expand Social Security coverage.
b
All of the following were new innovations of the 1950s that helped to transform Americans daily lives EXCEPT: a) jet air travel. b) radio. c) television. d) air conditioning. e) automatic dishwasher
Along with a home and a TV, what became part of the "standard consumer package" of the 1950s? a) An education. b) A record player. c) A car. d) A credit card. e) A computer.
Along with a home and a TV, what became part of the "standard consumer package" of the 1950s? a) An education. b) A record player. c) A car. d) A credit card. e) A computer.
c
As a result of the Montgomery boycott in 1955-1956: a) blacks won the right to attend the school of their choice. b) the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was legal. c) the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal. d) African-American women became less involved in the civil rights movement. e) Rosa Parks was sent to jail for over a year.
a
Between 1946 and 1960, the American gross national product: a) more than doubled, and wages increased. b) declined as wages stagnated. c) stayed about the same. d) returned to prewar levels. e) increased so dramatically that poverty was completely eliminated
c
Between 1950 and 1970, suburbanization: a) eased racial tensions in American cities. b) encouraged a revitalization of American cities. c) hardened racial divisions in American life. d) encouraged Puerto Rican immigration.
b
By the end of 1960, some 70,000 demonstrators had taken part in sit-ins across the South to protest: a) desegregation. b) segregation. c) the use of nuclear weapons. d) the Vietnam War. e) sexism.
a
Challenges to the mass conformity of the 1950s came from: a) hippies. b) flappers. c) the Beats. d) the Beatles. e) the communists.
During Freedom Summer: a) very few white college students participated. b) only black activists participated in the voter registration campaign. c) signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration. d) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi. e) there was little violence.
D
b
Dennis v. United States: a) made it illegal to jail communists. b) allowed the deportation of suspected communists. c) forbade the Communist Party from existing in the United States. d) upheld the jailing of communists. e) allowed universities to fire professors who taught the theories of Marx.
d
During the 1950s, American teenagers: a) declined in number within the general population. b) increased in number and were often perceived to be alienated. c) were not viewed as a distinct population group. d) voted in significant numbers. e) were prohibited from reading any comic books.
d
During the 1950s, Americans: a) tended to marry later in life than did previous generations. b) experienced a declining birth rate. c) stressed the importance of a college education, especially for women. d) on average married younger and had more children than previous generations e) encouraged women to choose careers over marriage.
c
During the 1950s, agricultural production: a) declined significantly. b) became more labor intensive. c) rose by 50 percent. d) suffered from a lack of technology. e) remained centered in the South.
. During the 1950s, television: a) effectively spread images of working-class life to a growing number of Americans. \b) tried to replace newspapers as the most common source of information but failed. c) became the nation's least favorite form of leisure activity. d) became an effective advertising medium. e) presented shows that were controversial.
During the 1950s, television: a) effectively spread images of working-class life to a growing number of Americans. b) tried to replace newspapers as the most common source of information but failed. c) became the nation's least favorite form of leisure activity. d) became an effective advertising medium. e) presented shows that were controversial.
e
During the Cold War, religious differences: a) created much division among Americans. b) were heightened by the growth of the suburbs. c) were not a factor, as church and synagogue membership declined. d) were intensified through the institution of school prayer. e) were absorbed within the notion of a common Judeo-Christian heritage.
e
During the postwar suburban boom, African-Americans: a) experienced little, if any, discrimination, especially in the North. b) were encouraged to move into communities like Levittown, New York. c) were discriminated against only in the South. d) received special treatment if they were veterans. e) were often unable to receive financing for housing.
c
Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed which kind of individuals to his cabinet? a) The "best and brightest," young intellectuals in their fields. b) Former government men who had lots of combined political experience. c) Wealthy businessmen to run the government like an efficient business. d) A balanced mixture of Republicans and Democrats, since his party did not control Congress. e) Weak men with little experience so that he could have complete control over domestic and foreign affairs.
d
Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952 in part because he: a) pledged to use nuclear weapons in the Korean War. b) promised to dismantle the New Deal. c) supported civil rights. d) manifested a public image of fatherly warmth. e) promised to cut highway construction spending.
a
How did the NAACP manage to change the political landscape in the South between 1940 and 1952? a) Its voter registration drive increased the number of Southern black registered voters sevenfold. b) It had secured the nomination of the first African-American gubernatorial candidates in the Democratic Party since Reconstruction. c) It had secured the desegregation of public education at the city and county level in nine out of eleven southern states. d) The NAACP had successfully lobbied southern legislatures to pass antilynching laws. e) The NAACP had succeeded in its legal battle for the desegregation of public transportation in all southern states except Alabama.
a
How did the United States respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin? a) Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift. b) Truman put American forces on high alert and threatened atomic war if Stalin did not lift the blockade. c) Truman ignored it. d) Truman asked the United Nations to place an embargo on all goods going to the Soviet Union. e) American forces forced their way through the road blockade with a caravan of armored tanks.
d
In 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a committee to draft the: a) GI Bill of Rights. b) Economic Bill of Rights. c) Declaration of the Rights of Man. d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. e) Civil Rights Act.
a
In 1948, the Progressive Party: a) advocated expanded social welfare programs. b) supported segregation. c) supported Truman's civil rights proposals. d) agreed with Truman's Cold War policies. e) did not allow socialists or communists to join.
e
In 1948, the Soviets began the Berlin Blockade: a) in response to the outbreak of disease. b) in response to the return of fascism. c) because the United States threatened to invade the Soviet Union. d) in response to the creation of East Germany. e) in response to the creation of West Germany.
d
In 1954, the Supreme Court case known as Brown v. Board of Education: a) declared lynching unconstitutional. b) found that segregation in bus stations was unlawful. c) extended the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling to include schools. d) found that separate-but-equal was unconstitutional. e) found that separate-but-equal was constitutional.
a
In 1963 during the Birmingham civil rights demonstrations, firemen: a) assaulted young demonstrators with high-pressure hoses. b) kept the peace with their tanker trucks as blockades. c) served as extra drivers for the police taking demonstrators to jail. d) extinguished fires set by Ku Klux Klan members.
a
In Brown v. Board of Education, what was Thurgood Marshall's main argument before the Supreme Court? a) That segregation did lifelong damage to black children, undermining their self-esteem. b) That Plessy v. Ferguson was an outdated ruling that needed to be updated. c) That the time had come to implement the promises of Reconstruction. d) That the white, southern politicians did not adequately provide for black schools, thereby violating the "but equal" part of the Plessy ruling. e) That children ought to attend the school that is closest to them, and Linda Brown lived within a mile of the "white" school and should be able to attend that school.
a
In his 1961 farewell address, President Eisenhower warned Americans about: a) the military-industrial complex. b) the rise of organized crime. c) the increase in juvenile delinquency. d) environmental hazards. e) the slow pace of the civil rights movement.
c
In his 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King Jr.: a) agreed with white clergy that the civil rights movement was moving too fast. b) agreed with white clergy that the civil rights movement should focus on the North rather than the South. c) discussed the litany of abuses faced by blacks in the South and the need for change. d) appealed directly to Birmingham police chief Eugene "Bull" Connor. e) appealed directly to U.S. attorney general Robert Kennedy.
c
In response to the Brown decision and to the general growth of the civil rights movement during the 1950s, southern states: a) passed laws that allowed for a slow desegregation of public schools. b) banned the Ku Klux Klan from operating. c) flew the Confederate flag over state capitol buildings. d) subsidized private academies for black students only. e) subsidized integrated private schools.
b
In response to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas: a) violence broke out, but President Eisenhower refused to send federal troops. b) violence broke out, and President Eisenhower sent in federal troops. c) high schools across the South became desegregated immediately. d) Governor Orval Faubus used the National Guard to protect the black students from angry whites. e) Governor Orval Faubus requested that federal troops be sent into Little Rock to end the violence.
b
In the 1952 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon's Checkers speech: a) reflected the growing importance of board games in American life. b) reflected the growing importance of television in American life. c) reflected the growing importance of pets in American life. d) was not well received, and the Republicans lost the election. e) introduced plans for peace in Korea.
c
Jackie Robinson: a) was president of the NAACP. b) was banned from major league baseball. c) broke the color barrier in major league baseball. d) took his case all the way to the Supreme Court. e) experienced no difficulties as the first black player for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
c
Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history: a) a written constitution. b) freedom of speech. c) women's suffrage. d) procedural due process. e) freedom of assembly
c
Joseph McCarthy's downfall came as a result of: a) his speech in Wheeling, West Virginia. b) his claim of 205 communists working in the State Department. c) his hearings on the Defense Department. d) televised hearings involving the Army. e) the release of his fabricated war record.
c
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg: a) received a fair trial and sentence. b) were found innocent and soon released. c) were executed after a questionable trial. d) plotted to assassinate the president. e) were deported to the Soviet Union.
b
Many conservative businessmen found intellectual reinforcement in the writings of the economist: a) John Kenneth Galbraith. b) Milton Friedman. c) Warren Burger. d) Alan Greenspan. e) John Maynard Keynes.
e
Martin Luther King Jr. was: a) a labor leader in the South. b) an attorney for the NAACP. c) inspired by the philosophy of Mao Zedong. d) inspired by the approach of Booker T. Washington. e) inspired by the teachings of Gandhi.
b
Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" declared that: a) the civil rights movement had become too violent and had to stop. b) the white moderate had to put aside his fear of disorder and commit to racial justice. c) the federal government was solely responsible for the violence in the South. d) the white clergy in the South had done a tremendous job at fighting Jim Crow. e) he was abandoning his policy of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration.
a
Modern Republicanism included: a) the expansion of core New Deal programs. b) the dismantling of core New Deal programs. c) the elimination of Social Security. d) decreased support for highway construction. e) decreased funding for education.
c
NSC-68: a) was directed at communist China. b) called for a massive reduction in U.S. military forces. c) called for a massive increase in U.S. military forces. d) was only suggested and never implemented.
b
New conservatives trusted government to: a) regulate the economy. b) regulate personal behavior. c) protect civil liberties and the toleration of differences. d) provide a comprehensive welfare system. e) provide national health care.
b
Operation Dixie was: a) a postwar strike wave. b) the postwar union campaign in the South. c) an effort to increase black suffrage. d) the congressional effort to outlaw lynching. e) mass return of African-Americans to the South after World War II.
a
Operation Wetback: a) deported illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods. b) campaigned to bring unionization to the South. c) removed suspected communist labor union leaders from their positions. d) was the CIA-led coup in Guatemala. e) campaigned to end prohibition.
b
Organized labor emerged as: a) a vocal critic of McCarthyism. b) a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War. c) a radical wing of the Communist Party. d) a militant group willing to fight the Red Scare. e) the best informants for the FBI and HUAC.
d
President Eisenhower used the CIA to overthrow which Middle Eastern government in the early 1950s, in large part because this government attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields? a) Iraq. b) Egypt. c) Israel. d) Iran. e) Saudi Arabia.
d
President Truman's Fair Deal included: a) aid to the Soviets. b) a plan to dismantle Social Security. c) a decrease in the minimum wage. d) a national health insurance plan. e) the continuation of rationing.
d
President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT: a) a permanent federal civil rights commission. b) national laws against lynching and the poll tax. c) equal access to jobs. d) reparations. e) equal access to education.
e
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation: a) was part of the effort to rely more on conventional forces. b) eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. c) calmed the American public's fear of nuclear war. d) applied only to communist China. e) declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack.
a
The "Iron Curtain": a) separated the free West from the communist East. b) divided East and West Germany. c) separated the United States from the Soviet Union. d) separated Japan from the rest of Asia. e) divided North and South Korea.
b
The 1948 presidential race: a) was a three-way race. b) was the last to occur before television forever changed campaigning. c) ended the movement of southern Democrats into the Republican Party. d) highlighted gender as a campaign issue for the Republican Party. e) had Strom Thurmond as a close second to Harry Truman.
d
The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon: a) was broadcast only on the radio. b) allowed Nixon to demonstrate his best qualities, thus winning the debate. c) showed Kennedy to be an ineffective speaker, and thus he lost. d) highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns. e) was little noticed at the time.
d
The 1963 March on Washington: a) included various female speakers. b) included speeches with militant language. c) focused solely on economic justice. d) was a high point in black and white cooperation.
b
The Dixiecrats: a) opposed segregation in the South. b) opposed desegregation in the South. c) dominated the Democratic Party in 1948. d) were led by Hubert Humphrey. e) supported Harry Truman in 1948.
b
The Freedom Rides: a) were launched by CORE to desegregate interstate bus travel. b) were ignored by law enforcement and the public in the South c) had little effect on segregation in the South. d) were successful only in the North. e) were the journeys made by blacks as part of their mass migration to the North
b
The Housing Act of 1949: a) set a high income ceiling for eligibility. b) reinforced the concentration of poverty in nonwhite urban neighborhoods. c) ended the concentration of poverty in nonwhite urban neighborhoods. d) allowed growing numbers of blacks to move to the suburbs. e) paired with urban renewal programs, made American cities more diverse and prosperous.
d
The Korean War: a) was a decisive victory for the United States. b) was a decisive victory for the North Koreans. c) demonstrated the strength of the United Nations. d) ended in a stalemate. e) highlighted the limited nature of the Cold War
b
The Marshall Plan: a) provided economic assistance to the Soviets. b) was a U.S.-Soviet program to rebuild Europe. c) offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments. d) was limited in scope and focused on West Germany. e) was largely unsuccessful for lack of support from Congress.
d
The McCarran-Walter Act: a) removed immigration quotas based on nationality. b) made immigration law much more flexible for Asians and Latinos. c) recognized the need for political asylum for refugees from South Africa. d) authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens. e) was supported by President Truman.
a
The Montgomery Bus Boycott: a) was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man. b) did not succeed in desegregating the public buses. c) propelled Thurgood Marshall into the national spotlight as a leader in the civil rights movement. d) marked the end of the civil rights movement. e) lasted less than two weeks.
b
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference: a) was a coalition of white southerners who resisted desegregation. b) was a coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists who fought for desegregation. c) worked primarily on the local level. d) did not seek federal assistance. e) had the support of all southern congressmen.
c
The Southern Manifesto: a) rejected massive resistance. b) argued that southern states should not fly the Confederate flag over state capitol buildings. c) repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education. d) argued that the Brown v. Board of Education decision reinforced southern customs and traditions. e) argued that the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional.
a
The Taft-Hartley Act: a) outlawed the closed shop. b) legalized sympathy strikes. c) strengthened the rights of organized labor. d) banned right-to-work laws. e) was supported by President Truman.
e
The Truman Doctrine: a) advocated a return to isolationism. b) was an alliance between the United States and Great Britain. c) called for more cordial relations with the Soviet Union. d) committed the United States to fighting communism only in Asia. e) committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.
c
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a) was immediately ratified by Congress. b) was honored by both the United States and the Soviets. c) included freedom of speech and religion. d) was drafted by President Truman. e) did not address economic rights.
e
The ability to influence the world with American goods and popular culture is called: a) hard power. b) coercive power. c) persuasive power. d) cultural power. e) soft power.
d
The center of gravity of American farming after World War II shifted to: a) Oregon and Washington. b) Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. c) North Carolina and South Carolina. d) Texas, Arizona, and California.
d
The first confrontation of the Cold War took place in: a) Vietnam, when the French attempted to reestablish colonial rule. b) Japan, when Soviet troops tried to establish Tokyo as a joint occupational zone. c) North Korea, where Chinese communists imposed a strict authoritarian regime. d) the Middle East, when Soviet troops occupied northern Iran seeking access to oil fields. e) Latin America, where agrarian revolutionaries gained the upper hand thanks to Soviet aid
a
The impact of the Cold War on American culture was: a) especially evident in the movies. b) limited in scope. c) discouraged in the public schools. d) widely criticized by the news media. e) felt mostly in the cities.
c
The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement: a) was quite limited at the time. b) was beneficial because the Urban League accepted communists into its ranks. c) included government action against black leaders. d) caused the NAACP to enlist the aid of the Soviets. e) brought wider support for civil rights from southern Democrats who wanted to fight communism.
c
The movements for colonial independence: a) highlighted the strengths of U.S. Cold War policy. b) highlighted the limitations of U.S. Cold War policy. c) generally had U.S. support. d) were all led by communists. e) declined during the Cold War.
b
The new conservatives: a) spoke the language of personal autonomy. b) emphasized tradition, community, and moral commitment. c) supported a more centralized federal government. d) were also known as libertarians. e) wanted more federal regulation of business.
d
The principle of human rights—the idea of basic rights belonging to all persons because they are human—was introduced into international relations: a) after the Holocaust. b) after the dropping of the atomic bomb. c) when NATO was established. d) in the revolutionary period of the late eighteenth century. e) when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted.
a
The sit-in at Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960: a) reflected mounting frustration at the slow pace of racial change. b) was the last of a series of violent agitations for civil rights in 1960. c) had no real effect on the momentum of the civil rights movement. d) was largely organized by members of Martin Luther King Jr.'s SCLC. e) illustrated how civil rights activists embraced the violent messages of Malcolm X.
c
The term used to describe developing countries that refused to align with either of the two Cold War powers was: a) "underdeveloped countries." b) "quasi countries." c) "Third World countries." d) "nation-building countries." e) "processing countries."
b
To libertarian conservatives, freedom meant: a) first and foremost a moral condition. b) individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism. c) using government as a vehicle for social reform, ensuring an equal distribution of wealth. d) what it did in the late eighteenth century—the right to own property and to vote.
c
To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department: a) promoted the work of artist Norman Rockwell. b) censored the work of modern artists. c) funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits. d) sought to censor the work of painter Jackson Pollock. e) imposed artistic conformity
d
What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings? a) They were all communists and did want to indict themselves. b) Ronald Reagan had threatened that they would lose their jobs if they cooperated. c) They were all busy making movies and did not have time to attend the hearings. d) They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment. e) As Republicans, they were insulted that their loyalty was being questioned
d
What set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world, no matter how undemocratic? a) The Marshall Plan. b) The Eisenhower Doctrine. c) The Atlantic Charter. d) The Truman Doctrine. e) NSC-68.
d
What was the organization called that Martin Luther King Jr. established after the Montgomery Bus Boycott? a) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). b) Congress for Racial Equality (CORE). c) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). d) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). e) Urban League.
c
When Birmingham police chief Bull Connor used nightsticks, high-pressure hoses, and attack dogs on young civil rights protesters: a) there was little public response. b) there was a public outcry only in the North. c) there was a wave of revulsion globally. d) President Kennedy abandoned his support for the civil rights movement.
b
When World War II ended: a) the majority of veterans went to college. b) demobilization proceeded quickly. c) the divorce rate declined. d) women who worked in war industries retained their jobs. e) soldiers found the adjustment to civilian life easy
a
Which Supreme Court decision did Brown overturn? a) Plessy v. Ferguson. b) Muller v. Oregon. c) Yick Wo v. Hopkins. d) Roe v. Wade. e) Lochner v. New York.
b
Which civil rights measure was enacted during Truman's administration? a) Federal law against lynching. b) Desegregation of the armed forces. c) Establishment of a permanent federal civil rights commission. d) Federal law against poll taxes. e) Protection for equal access to jobs and education.
b
Which long-held U.S. territory was granted independence in 1946? a) Puerto Rico. b) Philippines. c) Wake Island.
c
Which piece of American legislation stated that union leaders had to swear an oath that they were not communists? a) House Un-American Activities Committee Act. b) Truman Federal Employee Loyalty Act. c) Taft-Hartley Act. d) The McCarran-Walter Act. e) NSC-68.
e
Which state became the most prominent symbol of the postwar suburban boom? a) Arizona. b) Washington. c) Michigan. d) Nevada. e) California.
a
Which statement about industry is FALSE? a) The West did not benefit from the industries that sprang up from the Cold War. b) By the mid-1950s, white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collar factory and manual laborers. c) The unions' success in raising wages inspired employers to mechanize more and more elements of manufacturing in order to reduce labor costs. d) Since the 1950s, the American economy has shifted away from manufacturing. e) New England benefited from the growth in the construction of aircraft engines and submarines
b
Which statement about the Korean conflict is FALSE? a) The United Nations authorized the use of forces to repel the North Koreans. b) Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did. c) General MacArthur argued for an invasion of China and for the use of nuclear weapons. d) Truman removed General MacArthur from his command when he publicly criticized Truman. e) The war ended in a cease-fire, not with a formal peace treaty
d
Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision? a) In opposition to integration, white southerners often burned down schools. b) While the general public was outraged, southern congressional politicians supported the Supreme Court's decisions. c) Southerners worked closely with the NAACP, cooperating when they could to integrate schools. d) Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools. e) Southerners took it in stride, recognizing that the time had come for change.
b
Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for? a) Patience on the part of the United States in dealing with the Soviet Union. b) A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment. c) Limited strategic goals, confronting the Soviets only at key industrial areas. d) A sole reliance on nuclear weapons in order to spare conventional forces. e) Limited strategic goals, confronting the Chinese only at key industrial areas.
e
Which statement is true about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? a) It was established in 1945, immediately after the war. b) The members refused to let West Germany join. c) The Soviet Union had tried in vain to be a member of NATO. d) This was one of many long-term military alliances between the United States and Europe. e) All the members pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.
b
Who argued the case Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court? a) Fred Vinson. b) Thurgood Marshall. c) Earl Warren. d) Clarence Darrow. e) Martin Luther King Jr.
c
Who did Whittaker Chambers accuse of being a Soviet spy during a HUAC hearing? a) Julius Rosenberg. b) Richard Nixon. c) Alger Hiss. d) David Greenglass. e) Robert Oppenheimer
a
Who did the States' Rights Party nominate for president in 1948? a) Strom Thurmond. b) Henry Wallace. c) Joe McCarthy. d) George Wallace. e) Thomas Dewey.
e
Why did Eisenhower intervene in Vietnam? a) To prevent the Japanese from colonizing Vietnam. b) To support Ho Chi Minh's nationalist movement. c) To prevent the French from restoring colonial rule. d) To support the Vietnamese people in their opposition to colonial rule. e) To prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist nation.
c
Why did France and other Europeans understand NATO as a form of double containment? a) The organization would keep both the United States and the Soviet Union in check. b) NATO would prevent the expansion of the British empire as well as of American imperialism. c) The pact would guard them against Soviet aggression as well as against the resurgence of a powerful Germany. d) NATO would contain communism but also contain the costs of defense for European nations. e) NATO would counterbalance Soviet influence and that of the United Nations.
b
William Levitt, with the help of the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to a) get an education. b) buy a home. c) buy a gray flannel suit. d) buy a car. e) advance within the military
Republican Barry Goldwater viewed ____________ as a threat to freedom. a) the New Deal welfare state b) the nuclear weapons buildup c) the military-industrial complex d) the proliferation of private charities e) large corporations
a
The 1964 Civil Rights Act did not: a) prohibit racial discrimination in employment. b) ban discrimination on the grounds of sex. c) ban discriminatory laws that prevented suffrage. d) prohibit racial discrimination in privately owned public accommodations. e) prohibit racial discrimination in institutions like hospitals and schools.
b
Barry Goldwater's 1964 campaign emphasized: a) increased taxes to balance the budget. b) an immediate pullout from Vietnam. c) a reduction in governmental regulations. d) racial equality in the United States.
c
Lyndon Johnson remarked, "I think we delivered the South to the Republican Party" after: a) sending troops to Vietnam. b) agreeing to meet with Martin Luther King Jr. c) passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. d) implementation of the Great Society program. e) passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
c