History 122 Quiz 2

Martin Luther's work had enthusiastic popular support because A. All of these are correct B. he attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford. C. many Christians shared his concern about the corruption of the church. D. many German princes saw this as a way to break away from the church E. he supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages.

All of these Answers are correct; A

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, ensured that a. each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs. b. the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy. c. Germany remained fragmented. d. the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion. e. All these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct; E

New institutions that supported early capitalism included all of the following EXCEPT: a. craft guilds. b. stock exchanges. c. insurance companies. d. banks and lending institutions. e. joint-stock companies.

Craft Guilds; A

Which of the following was NOT part of Charles V's holdings? a. Hungary b. England c. the Netherlands d. Austria e. Spain

England; B

What political motivation encouraged the spread of Protestantism? a. Protestantism encouraged militarism in European nations. b. Protestantism encouraged people to claim their individual rights. c. All these answers are correct. d. Protestantism provided people an opportunity to overthrow monarchies. e. Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome.

Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome.; E

Which individual is incorrectly paired with a scientific discovery? a. Copernicus and the sun-centered model of the universe b. Kepler and the planetary orbits c. Galileo and the principle of inertia d. Newton and the principle of gravity e. Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter

Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter; E

Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without a. the telescope. b. the astrolabe. c. All these answers are correct. d. the development of calculus. e. The printing Press

The Telescope; A

The new monarchs were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. large centrally administered bureaucracies. b. standing professional armies. c. increased state revenues through taxes. d. enhanced power at the expense of the nobles. e. a commitment to individual liberty.

a commitment to individual liberty.; E

Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation? a. the peasants, because they were able to leave the estates and move into the cities b. the Islamic empires, because Europe was divided and weakened c. centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority d. the Catholic church, because it gained more committed supporters e. the people, because they had religious freedom

centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority; C

The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political end? a. crushing a suspected Muslim rebellion b. discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism c. increasing the revenues for the Spanish crown d. raising a vast army for Spain e. None of these answers is correct.

discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism; B

The reforms of Peter I included all of the following EXCEPT a. building the city of St. Petersburg to serve as a base of naval operations. b. forcing his subjects to adopt western European fashions. c. offering better pay for peasants who served for life as professional soldiers. d. forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of serfs. e. providing extensive training and modern weapons to soldiers.

forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of serfs.; D

The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups EXCEPT the a. rural workers who did the spinning and weaving. b. guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying. c. consumers who bought the finished cloth. d. entrepreneurs who moved cloth production into the countryside. e. merchants and traders who shipped woolen cloth outside the country.

guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying.; B

Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that a. French kings undermined his efforts and allied themselves with his enemies. b. he alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther. c. his empire was geographically fragmented. d. there was no central administration to the empire; each state was governed separately. e. the Lutheran challenge sapped much of his attention.

he alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther.; B

In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic church a. abandoned its practice of Latin mass. b. All these answers are correct. c. abandoned its monasteries in Germany. d. summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment. e. launched a military campaign against the German states.

summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment; D

The Thirty Years' War began when a. Charles V attempted to imprison Martin Luther. b. the pope tried to force his subjects to return to the Catholic Church. c. Louis XIV invaded the Low Countries. d. Elizabeth I attempted to force Protestantism on Spain. e. the Holy Roman emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.

the Holy Roman emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.; E

One reason for the hysterical witch hunts of the sixteenth century was that a. All these answers are correct. b. desperate people turned to magic to try to improve their lives. c. the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence. d. new texts claimed scientific evidence of witchcraft. e. unusual natural phenomena suggested supernatural causes.

the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence.; C

Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. a system of shared authority. b. recognition of individual rights. c. the election of the monarch by the merchant class. d. state support for maritime trade and international commerce. e. representational institutions such as Parliament.

the election of the monarch by the merchant class.; C

According to the divine-right theory of government, a. the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects. b. the king has a divine mandate to serve his people well; if he violates that trust then he can be overthrown. c. the people and the state exist only to enrich the sovereign. d. God is the real sovereign, and the church represents his authority in earthly matters. e. power and authority are based on a contract between the sovereign and his citizens.

the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects.; A

Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic church was greatly aided by a. All these answers are correct. b. the printing press. c. active guilds and artisans. d. local newspapers. e. the enthusiastic support of clergy in the Catholic Church.

the printing press.; B

What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)? a. to raise money for the church by selling Indulgences. b. to be disciplined, educated representatives of the church throughout the world. c. to expose witches and heretics. d. to be soldiers for Jesus in the battle against Protestants. e. to direct the court of the Inquisition on behalf of the Pope.

to be disciplined, educated representatives of the church throughout the world.; B