History 137 Chapter 16
Blacks owned more land in 1900 than they had at the end of Reconstruction.
False
The Women's Christian Temperance Union was a small but effective organization that won the vote for women in many of the Midwestern states.
False
What did the term "white man's burden" mean?
Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.
The Dawes Act was an extension of the treaty system practiced by the American government since the Revolutionary War.
False
Voter participation during the Gilded Age was never over 60 percent.
False
Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?
The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.
Bonanza farms:
typically had thousands of acres of land or more.
By 1890, the majority of Americans:
worked for wages.
In 1880, the United States was a first-rate power.
False
How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?
To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.
The Civil Service Act of 1883:
created a merit system for government workers.
The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:
voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week.
Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?
The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.
Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE?
The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.
"New immigrants":
arrived in large numbers from the Russian and the Austro-Hungarian empires.
Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League:
believed that American energies should be directed at home, not abroad.
Thomas Edison:
invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.
Henry George offered a(n) __________ as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.
single tax
American expansionism after the 1890s:
was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade.
The new social order of the Gilded Age:
A and B
Why did the Populist movement energize thousands of American women?
B and C
Republican presidential candidate William McKinley:
argued in favor of the gold standard.
Chinese immigrants to the West:
worked in shoe and cigar factories in western cities.
The Social Gospel movement focused on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking.
False
The coming of the railroad to the Far West had little to do with the rapid expansion of corporate timber production.
False
The economy surged forward between 1870 and 1890, bringing prosperity and growth with only minor disruptions.
False
Which of the following was included in theatrical and dime novel depictions of the American West?
Amazing feats of skilled horseback riding, roping, and shooting.
Why did Americans celebrate the Spanish-American War?
Americans experienced the war as an occasion for national reconciliation between North and South.
In 1896, in the landmark decision of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court gave its approval of state laws requiring separate facilities for blacks and whites.
True
John Wesley Powell warned that the western region's arid land would require large-scale irrigation projects and cooperative, communal farming to prosper.
True
On what grounds did Justice David J. Brewer dissent from the majority opinion in the case of Fong Yue Ting (1893) that authorized the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law?
Brewer worried that a similar rationale could be used in the future to subvert the rights to due process of other people.
Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the United States is accurate?
By 1880, three-fourths of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms.
Lochner v. New York voided a state law establishing ten hours per day, or sixty per week, as the maximum hours of work for bakers, claiming that it infringed on individual freedom.
True
Racial and ethnic groups added their own elements to the western myth, including celebrating the Mexican-American outlaw, Gregorio Cortez.
True
Republican economic policies strongly favored the interests of northern industrialists.
True
The "new imperialism" involved European colonial powers seeking to consolidate their domination of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the name of "civilization."
True
The Knights of Labor raised the question of whether meaningful freedom could exist in a situation of extreme economic inequality.
True
The depression that began in 1893 heightened the belief that a more aggressive foreign policy was necessary to stimulate American exports.
True
The events of 1886 suggested that labor might be on the verge of establishing itself as a permanent political force.
True
The idea for the Statue of Liberty originated as a response to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
True
The spread of electricity was essential to industrial and urban growth.
True
American workers received higher pay than their European counterparts, but their working conditions were more dangerous.
False
Looking Backward was the first book to popularize socialist ideas for an American audience.
False
Male farmers experienced the most hardship on the Great Plains, because farm women did not experience long days in the fields.
False
Most nineteenth-century Indians were willing to assimilate and give up their tribal identity for citizenship.
False
The American Federation of Labor was very much like the Knights of Labor.
False
The Morrill Land-Grant Act, passed during the Civil War, prohibited mining and railroad companies from continued use of public lands.
False
William McKinley championed a government that would help ordinary Americans.
False
Native-born middle-class women under the leadership of Carrie Chapman-Catt argued that they deserved the right to vote on account of their:
birth in the United States.
How did the displacement of native peoples in Australia differ from the experience of Indians in the American West?
Government policy orchestrated the removal of Aboriginal children from their homes for official adoption by whites.
Why was William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor?
He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.
In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:
class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.
According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century?
Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.
Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial governor Brigham Young with a non-Mormon appointee in 1857?
It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.
The 1894 Pullman Strike:
crippled national rail service and triggered the arrest of union president Eugene V. Debs.
In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington:
encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.
Why did western territories take longer than eastern territories to achieve statehood?
Many easterners were wary of granting statehood until white and non-Mormon settlers counterbalanced the large Latino and Mormon populations.
Which of the following properly assesses the significance of wage labor in industrializing America during the Gilded Age?
More and more Americans experienced wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.
Why was the Hollywood version of the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality?
Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages.
An example of what the economist and social historian Thorstein Veblen meant by "conspicuous consumption" is:
Mrs. Bradley Martin's costume ball.
What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?
Nothing at all.
The Grange was an organization that:
established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.
Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the government and the economy in the Gilded Age?
Politicians of both major parties favored business and banks and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard.
How did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second industrial revolution in America?
Railroads created a true national market for U.S. goods.
What criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)?
Standard Oil was undermining fair competition in the marketplace.
How did the American Catholic Church act during the Gilded Age?
The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform.
Critics later interpreted the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a commentary on the 1896 presidential election in which of the following ways?
The Emerald City suggests a green, unspoiled landscape still sought after by western voters.
Which statement about the disenfranchisement of blacks in the South is FALSE?
The Supreme Court upheld the grandfather clause.
Chinese demands for equal rights forced the Supreme Court to define the reach of the Fourteenth Amendment.
True
Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.
How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?
Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices.
Why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?
These products were national brands, sold everywhere across the United States thanks to the expanding railroad network.
What did the books of Henry George, Laurence Gronlond, and Edward Bellamy all have in common?
They all offered decidedly optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of wealth.
How did Populists hope to guarantee farmers inexpensive access to markets for their crops?
They called for public ownership of the railroads.
What did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia?
They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions.
Elk v. Wilkins (1884) agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.
True
Filipino resistance leader Emilio Aguinaldo established a nationalist provisional government tied to principles rooted in communism.
True
What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?
To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.
After the 1896 election, voter participation began a steady downhill trend that continues to this day.
True
Before the Civil War, most Chinese arrivals in the American West were single men, but by the 1870s, Chinese families had begun to arrive.
True
Both Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller amassed huge fortunes through vertical integration.
True
By 1880, a majority of Americans worked in non-farm activities.
True
Which of the following does NOT describe the impact of corporations on the American West?
Urban populations in California declined as people moved to the centers of agricultural production.
Which of the following properly compares the U.S. Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and labor during the Gilded Age?
While the Court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulation of big business.
The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor during the 1890s reflected:
a shift from broad reform goals to more limited goals.
The term "Gilded Age" describes all of the following EXCEPT:
an era where the scramble for wealth benefited all Americans equally.
The Platt Amendment:
authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba.
In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:
focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.
One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:
frequent and prolonged economic depressions.
In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court:
held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War.
The Plains Indians:
included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.
Nineteenth-century Americans imagined the "Wild West" as all of the following EXCEPT:
isolated farms, where men and women carved out difficult lives on the Great Plains.
The severe depression of 1893:
led to increased conflict between capital and labor.
All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:
low tariffs.
The Indian victory at the Little Bighorn:
only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.
In contrast to the expansion of the 1890s, U.S. interests in Alaska originated in a desire for:
territory.
The Supreme Court decision United States v. Wong Kim Ark ruled that:
the Fourteenth Amendment gave Asians born in the United States citizenship.
The "Kansas Exodus" meant all of the following EXCEPT:
the eventual return of most black migrants to the South.
Farmers believed that their plight derived from all of the following EXCEPT:
the free and unlimited coinage of silver.
The Greenback-Labor Party:
wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation.
The Ghost Dance:
was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.
The Knights of Labor:
was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.
"Liberal" reformers of the Gilded Age believed:
wealth inequality was inevitable in modern society.
Elections during the Gilded Age:
were closely contested affairs.