history exam study guide

To raise money for starving people in Ethiopia, singer Bob Geldof organized a series of concerts around the world called

"Live Aid."

Describe how Clinton's tax policies led to a federal budget surplus.

--

What do many experts believe causes global warming, and why is this issue controversial?

--

Why was President Clinton impeachment, and what was the out come?

--

Less than a month after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States invaded _________________, the country that had sheltered Osama bin Laden and other al-Qaeda members.

Afghanistan

conservative Republican nominee for president in 1964

Barry Goldwater

Protestant minister who built a national following by the late 1970s

Billy Graham

Despite strong opposition from many Republicans and the National Rifle Association, the Democrats in Congress passed a gun-control law known as the

Brady Bill.

Which statement about Hurricane Katrina is true?

Bush appeared detached from the crisis, and his popularity suffered.

In May 1989, students and workers held demonstrations calling for democracy in

China.

Choose the statement below that most accurately describes Clinton's impeachment.

Clinton was impeached on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice.

In the 2006 midterm elections, it became clear that voters were unhappy with the president and the Republican Congress when

Democrats won a majority in both the House and the Senate.

To protect Americans from further attacks by terrorists, a new cabinet agency, the ____________________, was established.

Department of Homeland Security

The 2000 presidential election was determined by the contested results of

Florida.

the Northern Alliance was fighting against the Taliban.

Geneva Conventions.

What had its roots in a computer networking system established by an agency of the U.S. Defense Department?

Gingrich was the special investigator charged with investigating the Clinton scandal.

During the Clinton presidency, U.S. troops served as peacekeepers in

Haiti.

one of the states with the highest populations of foreign-born residents

Illinois

punished employers who hired illegal immigrants

Immigration Reform and Control Act

Which of the following was a result of the Immigration Act of 1965?

Immigration from non-European countries soared.

a country from which many legal immigrants came

India

By 2007 over one billion people worldwide were regularly communicating via the _____________.

Internet

In 2005 _____________________________ became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

John Roberts

Which nation allowed the United States to attack Iraq from its territory in 2003?

Kuwait

allowed people fleeing communism entry into the United States as refugees

McCarran-Walter Act

The top five nations of origin for legal immigrants to the United States include

Mexico.

movement founded by Jerry Falwell that backed conservative candidates and issues

Moral Majority

During the administration of George W. Bush,. the ___________________ Agency began wiretapping some domestic telephone calls to overseas locations.

National Security

While President George H.W. Bush struggled to deal with events in Eastern Europe and Asia, a crisis developed in

Panama.

President Reagan encouraged the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates and asked Congress to pass a massive tax cut, in what critics called

Reaganomics.

The 2010 midterm elections resulted in

Republicans regaining control of the House but not the Senate.

Which statement about the 2003 war in Iraq is true?

Russia and France refused to back a UN Security Council war resolution.

Who sent his army to invade oil-rich Kuwait in August 1990?

Saddam Hussein

The leader of Iraq who was tried and executed for ordering mass executions was

Saddam Hussein.

John McCain selected _______________ to be his running mate in the 2008 presidential campaign.

Sarah Palin

Which of the following developments was necessary for conservatives to build a coalition that could elect a president?

Southerners began shifting their votes to the Republican Party.

Southern and Western regions of the United States

Sunbelt

The Islamic fundamentalist group called the ____________________ controlled Afghanistan at the time of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.

Taliban

Why did the United States attack Afghanistan and defeat its Taliban government?

The Taliban supported and sheltered Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda.

What would be an advantage of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from factories and power plants?

The increase in average world temperatures would be stopped.

Which of the following statements about discount retailers is accurate?

They sell large quantities of goods at low prices.

worked to spread conservative ideas to a wider audience by founding the magazine National Review

William F. Buckley

The Telecommunications Act passed in 1996 changed the telecommunications industry by

allowing cable companies to offer telephone service.

The rapid economic growth of the 1980s and the cultural emphasis on accumulating wealth was partly caused by

baby boomers entering the workforce.

The recession that began in 1990 was caused in part by the end of the Cold War, because the United States

began reducing its armed forces and canceling orders for military equipment.

A _______________ serves as a place for people to share stories and photos on the Internet.

blog

paid by businesses and investors when they sell stocks or real estate for a profit

capital gains tax

In 1977 Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs introduced the Apple II, the first practical and affordable ____________________ for personal use.

computer

In a scandal that tainted President Reagan's second term in office, money from the secret sale of weapons to Iran was given to the

contras in Nicaragua.

The tax cut President Reagan won from Congress would increase the budget deficit, so Reagan proposed ____________________ to keep the deficit under control.

cutting social programs

An economic recession was sparked in 2007 when many people with low incomes or poor credit began _____________________ and housing prices began to fall.

defaulting on their mortgage payments

Reagan's first act as president was to sign an executive order eliminating price controls on oil and gasoline, a step towards

deregulation.

laying off workers and managers to increase a company's efficiency

downsizing

In 2005, the Iraqi people were able to participate in the country's first free ________________.

election

A problem Clinton faced in trying to reduce the federal deficit was that it was not easy to cut funding for ____________________ because so many people relied on them.

entitlement programs

The largest religious group within the social conservative movement that formed by the late 1970s was

evangelical Protestants.

Believers in supply-side economics supported higher taxes, allowing businesses and investors to use extra capital on new investments.

false

Hillary Clinton was Barack Obama's running mate in the 2008 presidential election.

false

In 1995 the federal government was shut down after President Clinton was impeached.

false

In 2008 Barack Obama became the first African American to run for president.

false

In 2008 the Republicans nominated Vietnam veteran Mitt Romney as their candidate for president.

false

John McCain selected Condeleezza Rice to be his running mate in the 2008 presidential campaign.

false

President Clinton opposed new gun-control laws.

false

President Reagan believed that the United States should oppose guerilla groups fighting to overthrow Communist or pro-Soviet governments, an approach that came to be known as the Reagan Doctrine.

false

The 2000 election was one of the closest in American history; Bush won the popular vote.

false

The al-Qaeda organization was initially founded to fight the Soviet Union in Iraq.

false

"openness," allowing more freedom of religion and speech in the Soviet Union

glasnost

Unlike most liberals, conservatives tend to be fundamentally distrustful of the power of a. corporations.

government.

One of President Obama's priorities while in office was to expand and reform the

health care system

The George W. Bush administration maintained that the detainees held at Guantanamo Bay were not covered by the Geneva Conventions because they were __________________, not suspects charged with a crime.

illegal enemy combatants

The United States invaded Iraq because it was believed that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of _____________________.

mass destruction

The strong economic growth of the 1980s mostly benefited

middle- and upper-class Americans.

result of immigration policy that favored the children, spouses, and parents of U.S. citizens

migration chains

Several nations agreed to phase out the production of CFCs after seeing evidence of a hole in the ____________________ layer above Antarctica.

ozone

"restructuring," allowing some private enterprise and profit making in the Soviet Union

perestroika

George W. Bush convinced Congress to enact a program that allows people over age 65 to sign up for insurance to help cover the cost of ____________________.

prescription drugs

term used by presidential candidate Jesse Jackson for a broad group of minorities and the poor

rainbow coalition

The goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to

reduce carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.

American public opinion split over whether unauthorized immigrants should be allowed to

send their children to public schools.

Iraqi insurgents have used several tactics to fight coalition forces, including

sniper attacks and bombings.

Although liberals tend to favor government intervention in the economy, they are generally suspicious of attempts to use the government to regulate

social behavior.

As Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak were creating Apple, 19-year-old Harvard dropout Bill Gates co- founded Microsoft to design PC

software.

In February 2009, Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which aimed to

stimulate the economy through tax cuts and federal funding.

For many Americans, the conservative idea that the government had become too big meant simply that a. regulations were too restrictive.

taxes were too high.

In the 1970s, the federal government began deregulating the ___________________ industry, leading to the rise of competing phone companies.

telecommunications

The USA Patriot Act of 2001 put immigration under the control of

the Department of Homeland Security.

In one of the first tests of the Obama administration, a massive oil spill in 2010 caused major environmental damage in

the Gulf of Mexico.

The United States sent military aid to the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan because

the Northern Alliance was fighting against the Taliban.

In late December 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev announced the end of

the Soviet Union.

During his presidency, Reagan launched the largest peacetime buildup of

the U.S. military.

Criticism of the government's response to Hurricane Katrina led to

the dismissal of the head of FEMA.

Clinton's AmeriCorps program put students to work improving low-income housing, teaching children to read, and cleaning up the environment.

true

Clinton's health care reform plan died without ever coming to a vote in Congress.

true

In Bush v. Gore, the Supreme Court ruled that Florida's hand recount of votes was unconstitutional because different vote counters used different standards and, thus, did not treat every voter equally.

true

President Bush pushed Congress to approve a $700 billion bailout of financial institutions.

true

President Clinton convinced Congress to grant China permanent normal trade relation status.

true

President Reagan believed that cutting taxes and building up the military were more important than balancing the budget.

true

The Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty signed by President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987 marked the beginning of the end of the cold war.

true

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the vote recount in Florida for the 2000 presidential election violated the Constitution's equal protection clause.

true

The attack on September 11, 2001, killed nearly 3,000 people.

true

The economic expansion the nation experienced during Reagan's first term as president made him very popular, contributing to his reelection in 1984.

true

The Reagan administration's amnesty program of 1986 was intended to solve the problem of

unauthorized immigration.

Due to the economic recession, by 2009 the ______________________ rate was up to 7.2%.

unemployment

Which of the following entertainment technologies changed television viewing habits as well as the movie industry in the 1980s?

videocassette recorders

The United States Supreme Court ruled that the hand recounts of ballots

violated the equal protection clause.

A UN resolution set a deadline for Iraq to take several actions including declaring its weapons of mass destruction and readmitting ____________________.

weapons inspectors

The USA PATRIOT Act is an antiterrorist bill that allows the government to

wiretap suspects, seize voicemail, and track Internet communications.

Opposition to Clinton's health care plan came from many groups, including small business owners who believed that the plan

would be too expensive for them.