History Final

List 8 treaty rights found in Treaty #6.

) Agricultural tools 2) Animals such as an ox and a cow for each family 3) Assistance for the poor and those unable to work 4) The ban of alcohol in the province of Saskatchewan 5) Education to be provided for each reserve 6) Ability to take resources from Crown lands such as timber, cooking stoves, and medicine 7) Access to bridges 8) The ability to refuse to serve in war

Explain some facts about Henrietta Muir Edwards

- Advocated for public libraries, mothers' allowances, equal parental rights, equal grounds for divorce, and penal reform - President of the Ottawa YWCA - Helped establish the National Council of Women of Canada - Co-founded the Victorian Order of Nurses - Best known for her compiling a summary of every Canadian law that concerned women and children, creating two handbooks entitled Legal Status of Women in Canada and Legal Status of Women in Alberta

Explain some facts about Emily Murphy

- First female magistrate in the British Empire - Championed the right of wives to share ownership in their husband's property - Best known for her involvement in the Persons Case in 1917

Explain some facts about Nellie McClung

- She was elected to Alberta Legislature as a Liberal in 1921 - Became deeply involved with the Person's Case, fighting battle after battle against the Canadian Supreme Court, eventually winning women the right to sit in the Senate in October of 1929

Explain some facts about Louise McKinney

- She was heavily involved in the suffrage movement that led women gaining the right to vote in Alberta - Championed a bill that allowed women the right to prevent the sale or mortgage of their homes without their knowledge - Organized the Women's Christian Temperance Union - Best known for being the first woman ever elected as a Member of any Legislative Assembly in the British Empire

Explain some facts about Irene Parlby

- Was elected to Alberta Legislature, a few years after Louise McKinney - She was appointed as the first female Cabinet Minister in Alberta history as well as being only the second in the British Empire - The first woman to ever be awarded an honorary doctorate from the U of A - Petitioned for improved health care facilities, better educational opportunities, and for the protection of widows and children

Briefly explain 2 failures of Prime Minister St. Laurent

1) One reason for St. Laurent's defeat in the 1957 election was that Western Canadians felt alienated by the government, feeling that St.Laurent and the Liberal party only cared about the interests of Ontario, Quebec, and the United States. 2) The biggest controversy during St. Laurent serving as prime minister, was the 1956 Pipeline Debate, which arose out of the Liberal Minister of Trade and Commerce at the time, C.D. Howe's, desire for a pipeline that carried natural gas from Alberta to central Canada. To do this, he assembled a private syndicate of Canadian and American businessmen. Many were unhappy about this, thinking that it should be publicly owner or seeing the whole affair as selling out to American interests. The Pipeline Bill did pass, but and TransCanada did became a primarily Canadian-owned company, but the damage was already done. The Pipeline Debate greatly contributed to the Liberals and St. Laurent's defeat in the 1957 election.

A Majority Government refers to: A) A government with more than half the seats in the House of Commons. B) A government, which has less than half the seats in the House of Commons. C) A government divided D) None of the above

A) A government with more than half the seats in the House of Commons.

Section 91 of the B.N.A. act did all of the following except A) Gives the powers of Taxation and coinage to the provinces. B) Gives the powers of property and licensing to the Federal Government. C) Gave the power of Disallowance to the Federal Government. D) Gave the power of Banks and First Nations People to the Federal Government.

A) Gives the powers of Taxation and coinage to the provinces.

This Ontario Premier accused the Federal Government of excessive use of powering the 1880's A) Oliver Mowat B) William Fielding C) Sir John A, Macdonald D) Sir Charles Tupper

A) Oliver Mowat

Explain three policies of this party of CCF

1) PLANNED SOCIALIST ECONOMY They wanted to implement a planned socialist economy. This was a stark contrast to the capitalistic economy that had existed within Canada as long as it had existed. Basically, they wanted to shift the control of services such as transportation, communications, banking, and electrical power to be put into the hands of the people, instead of private companies. This was in the hopes of preventing these essential services from being run privately for profit. 2) NATIONAL LABOUR CODE They also wanted to establish a National Labour Code that would make it so workers would have better wages, hours, and insurance. 3) SOCIAL PROGRAMS They wanted to establish numerous social services programs such as publicly funded health care.

Laurier and the Liberal Party lost the election of 1911 because A) The Reciprocity Treaty with the United States. B) Laurier died C) Businessmen disliked the Liberal Party D) All of the above

A) The Reciprocity Treaty with the United States.

Mennonites, Jews, and Doukhobors came to Canada in the 1890'sand early 1900's mainly because A) They wanted to escape persecution in their homeland B) They thought it would be an adventure to cross the ocean to a new land C) They were afraid of immigration restrictions if they waited too long D) They wanted to work in Canadian cities

A) They wanted to escape persecution in their homeland

Briefly explain 2 failures of Prime Minister Pearson

1) Although not necessarily a "failure" the unification of the Canadian forces became quite a point of controversy in Canada. The main opposition to the bill came from the personnel of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, and the Royal Canadian Air Force. They objected to it due to its major restructuring and reorganization of the personnel and administration that would come as a result of the unification. Many senior officers were dismissed due to the bill. 2) Another point of controversy during Pearson's term was that of the Flag Debate. You see, after a number of unsuccessful attempts at deciding on a flag, the issue was once again brought up by Pearson. He proposed a design that featured three maple leaves on a white centre square with blue bars on each side. This surprisingly was met by protestations from numerous people. One such person was John Diefenbaker, who thought that the flag should honour the "founding races," and therefore feature the Union Jack. Perason on the other hand thought that the flag should avoid all nods to colonial association. The debate raged on for a while, until finally the issue was brought to a 15-member all-party committee which recommended a design featuring one red maple leap in a white squared centre, and two red bars on each side. Despite this, the debate continued until eventually a vote was taken on the 15th of December 1964. The committees flag recommendation was accepted and the senate approved of the design a few days later. The flag would officially be unfurled on the 15th of February the following year.

Briefly explain 2 failures of Prime Minister Mackenzie King

1) Perhaps one of Mackenzie King's biggest failures was his poor judgement when it came to Adolf Hitler. The two met in 1938, King thought of Hitler as a sort of mythical hero. In his journal, King wrote about Hitler that, ""he is really one who truly loves his fellow-men, and his country, and would make any sacrifice for their good". He would also later go on to write that he believed, "the world will yet come to see a very great man-mystic in Hitler ... I cannot abide in Nazism - the regimentation - cruelty - oppression of Jews - attitude towards religion, etc., but Hitler ... will rank some day with Joan of Arc among the deliverers of his people." 2) Mackenzie King also misjudged the severity of the Great Depression pretty extraordinarily, He thought that there was no need for government intervention and that the economy would recover by itself eventually. This was clearly very very wrong. He once even said that he, "would not give a five-cent piece" to conservative provincial governments for unemployment relief. This caused a lot of people to hold the view that King was out of touch with the ordinary people of Canada.

Briefly explain 8 accomplishments of Prime Minister Pearson

1) As I previously mentioned, Pearson was greatly involved in the peaceful resolution of the Suez Crisis in 1957. For this work, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 2) Both Pearson and the UN Secretary General at the time, General Dag Hammarskjold are often regarded as the fathers of peacekeeping, both working to organize the United Nations Emergency Force. 3) Pearson brought in many social programs such as universal health care, Canadian student loans, and updating the Canada Pension Plan. He also established the 40-hour work week, two weeks vacation time, and a new minimum wage. 4) His government also was responsible for passing the legislation that abolished the death penalty in Canada as a punishment for murder, except if the murder was that of a police officer or prison guard. 5) Pearson signed the Canada United States Automotive Agreement in January 1965, which led to unemployment falling to its lowest rate in over a decade. 6) Pearson also started the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, as well as the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. Both public inquiries resulted in the furthering of legal equality for women as well as established Canada as officially bilingual, making French an official language. Pearson's time in office established the standard of having government services be provided in both English and French as well as having the Prime Minister be fluent in both English and French. 7) Pearson's government is also responsible for the Military unification of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Royal Canadian Air Force, and the Canadian Army to form the Canadian Forces in 1968. 8) Pearson also introduced a discrimination free points based system, improving upon the Diefenbaker government's race free policy in 1962.

Describe 3 economic policies of the Union Nationale and Maurice Duplesis in the 1930's and early 1940's

1) Implemented a provincial system of income taxation within Quebec. This meant that that Quebec had its own tax collection system, something that no other province besides Quebec, has to this day. 2) He opened Quebec to foreign investors with the hopes of stimulating the economy. 3) Duplessis strongly believed that agriculture needed to remain at the center of the Quebec economy. He believed this would enable Quebec to avoid urbanization and the problems associated with it. Duplessis put certain provisions in place to ensure this. Some examples of this are his initiating of the electrification of Quebec's farms and his offering of credits of farmers who wished to renew their equipment.

Briefly explain 8 accomplishments of Prime Minister Diefenbaker

1) In 1957, Diefenbaker led the Conservatives to their first electoral victory in 27 years. 2) Diefenbaker was responsible for introducing the Canadian Bill of Rights in Parliament, the document responsible for guaranteeing Canadian citizens our fundamental freedoms. Although it was a flawed bill, it passed on August 10th, 1960 and laid the groundwork for the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. 3) Diefenbaker was the first Prime Minister to appoint a First Nations man, James Gladstone, to the Canadian Senate. 4) Diefenbaker's government granted the vote to Native Canadians in 1960, making Canada finally have universal adult suffrage. 5) Diefenbaker's government also removed all explicit racial discrimination from the criteria for admission to Canada under the Immigration Act of 1961. 6) Diefenbaker's government introduced the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act in 1961 in order to help create a national program for rural economic development. 7) During apartheid era South Africa, the country asked the Commonwealth's Prime Minister's Conference to allow it to remain apart of the Commonwealth, no matter the result of the vote as to whether or not the country would be made into a republic that was scheduled for later on that year. Only the white population of South Africa was to take part in this vote. Diefenbaker did not like this and expressed his feelings of displeasure in regards to apartheid and the vote to the South African External Affairs Minister Eric Louw, believing that the color people of South Africa should be allowed representation. These efforts were ultimately fruitless but, the conference did come to the conclusion that making a decision before the vote had actually taken place would be wrong. So, after the vote was held and South Africa's white voters decided they wanted to make the country a republic, South Africa once again tried to make their case at the Prime Ministers Conference the following year in 1961. The prime ministers were stuck in a deadlock, which Diefenbaker broke after proposing that the conference shouldn't reject South Africa's request, but rather make an official statement that racial equality was a core principle of the Commonwealth. The majority of the conference agreed, and as apartheid era South Africa could not agree with this statement, they were forced to leave the Commonwealth. 8) No matter how you feel about Diefenbaker, it's impossible to argue that he was not largely responsible for breathing new life into the Conservative Party in Canada. responsible for reinvigorated the Conservative Party in Canada. Despite the large amount of political failures and frustrations, he garnered a dedicated following and inspired Conservative politicians for years to come. Diefenbaker's Conservative government is one of the biggest reasons that the Conservative Party has remained extremely popular in the prairies even after his leaving office.

Explain four political changes that Alexander Mackenzie tries to make in the late 1870's

1) Introduced the secret ballot. Before, voters had to say out loud the name of the candidate they wanted, in front of the other voters. Now each voter could mark their ballot in secret, so no one would know how they voted. 2) He established stronger laws to prevent bribery in elections. For example, now, if an MP is discovered to have bought someone's vote they would lose their seat in the House of Commons. 3) He wanted to make Canada less dependent on Britain, so he worked hard to reduce the amount of power the Governor General possessed. 4) He set up the Supreme Court of Canada. This court would handle legal cases for the entire country.

Four Significant Parts of The Quebec Act of 1774

1) It allowed Roman Catholicism to be practiced. This is shown in the Acts changing of the oath sworn by officials to no longer reference the Protestant faith, meaning they no longer had to renounce their faith in order to participate in the provincial governments affairs. Not only this but he collection of tithes was allowed once again and Jesuit priests were allowed in the province once again. 2) It allowed French law to continue to govern civil matters, ultimately preserving french civil code. 3) It allowed the seigneurial system of land tenure to once again be used, a system based on the feudal system. 4) It redefined the structure of Quebec's provincial government, vesting the power to legislate into the hands of the governor (an official appointed by the crown) and his legislative council.

List three areas of social reform and woman's rights that take place in Canada during the war years.

1) WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE During the war, women had to start doing the jobs that had been reserved exclusively for men up until that point. Due to their aid on the home front during the war, and the efforts of many suffragettes/women's rights activists of the time, the right to vote was given to women. 2)INDUSTRIALIZATION Canada's economy was rapidly industrialized due to the War. Due to the demand for mass production of clothing, artillery shells, aircrafts, ships, etc. factories were being built and used more than they ever had before. 3)INCOME TAX: Something that also resulted from the War was the introduction of the income tax. Although this was framed as a temporary tax needed to make up for the cost of the war, it's introduction would lay the foundations for the federal government's eventual role in providing social services to the Canadian public.

Briefly explain 8 accomplishments of Prime Minister Mackenzie King

1) King was the longest serving prime minister in Canadian history. He served a total of 21 years and 154 days in office. 2) King had a significant interest in city planning. He was involved in many city planning initiatives, however his most notable impact was his work on the planning and development of Canada's capital, Ottawa. 3) His government made significant moves to further Canada's independence from Britain. Some of the measures taken to accomplish this were the following: the Governor General was declared a representative of The Crown instead of a representative of the British government and the Statue of Westminster was passed in 1931. 4) He expanded the Department of External Affairs, a necessary step in securing independence from Britain, France, and our neighbors the United States. 5) King's government passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement of 1935, which ultimately served to reverse the trade war of the early 1930s, lowered tariffs, and created a large increase in trade. 6) He appointed the first female senator in Canadian history, Cairine Wilson. 7) King's government implemented a number of new important programs, initiatives, services, and reforms such as the creation of relief programs like the National Housing Act and National Employment Commission. They also created the Trans Canada Airlines, the National Film Board of Canada, and made the CBC as well as the Bank of Canada crown corporations. His government also introduced family allowances, the Federal Unemployment and Agricultural Assistance Act, the National Housing Act of 1949, the Youth Training Act of 1939, the Vocational Training Co-ordination Act of 1942, the Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act, and subsidized medical services in the provinces. They also reduced the age for blind people to qualify for old age pensions. 8) King is perhaps most widely known for getting Canada through WWII, guiding the country through six years of conflict, mediating Britain and the neutral United States, successfully mobilizing the economy and playing a large role in the establishment of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan that bound Canada, Britain, New Zealand and Australia to a program that eventually trained half the aircrew from those four nations in the Second World War.

Briefly explain 2 failures of Prime Minister Diefenbaker

1) Many of Diefenbaker's decisions while in office led to a large decrease in PC support within Quebec. His pursuit of a "One Canada" policy was a large contributing factor in this. Although the philosophy of seeking equality for Canadians may seem nice, it was this philosophy that led him to make little to no compromise with the people of Quebec. He wanted Canada to be united under one all encompassing multicultural flag instead of two: one french and one english. It was this standpoint in addition to his limited number of Quebecois Cabinet members and the decline of the Union Nationale that led to an overall deterioration of Quebecois Progressive Conservative support. 2) Another one of Diefenbaker's most notable failures was the cancellation of the Avro Arrow project, the name for the planning and building of a delta-wing interceptor aircraft in Ontario by Avro Canada during the 1950s. Although the reason behind the cancelation are complicated, it was largely due to the Canadian governments decision to permit the United States to build two Bomarc missile bases in Canada, the projects large cost, and Diefenbaker's doubts as to whether or not they would actually be able to sell the Arrow. At the time of the projects cancellation in 1959, the aircraft's blueprint was well into the testing stage. After its cancellation, both the prototypes and plans for what was to be Canada's greatest aeronautical achievement were destroyed, and 14,000 scientists and engineers were left unemployed. This greatly impacted Diefenbaker's popularity.

In 1935 R.B.Bennett introduces his New Deal. List 5 changes to social policy that he planned to introduce.

1) More progressive taxation system 2) A maximum work week & a minimum wage 3) Closer regulation of working conditions 4) Unemployment, health, accident insurance, and a revised old-age pension 5) Agricultural support programs

Briefly explain 8 accomplishments of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney

1) Mulroney was responsible for issuing a formal apology as well as a $3000 million compensation package to the families of the Japanese Canadians who were interned and whose property was seized during WWII. 2) Mulroney privatized many of Canada's crown corporations. He sold 23 of them, including Air Canada and Petro-Canada. 3) Mulroney won quite a bit of respect for his opposition of South Africa's apatheid regime, and met with many of the leaders of those who opposed the regime during his time in office. 4) Under Mulroney's government, Canada was the first country to send a foreign affairs minister to Ethiopia, a country previously completely isolated by Western governments, to assist with the famine. This led both Britain and America to follow suit. 5) Mulroney also was critical of the Reagan government's intervention in Nicaragua. During this time, Canada accepted refugees from numerous countries with repressive regimes such as El Salvador and Guatemala. 6) Mulroney fostered a close relationship with the U.S. President of the time, Ronald Reagan, which he leveraged to obtain a treaty on acid rain and the formal signing of a free trade agreement with America with the goal of having all tariffs between the two be completely gone by 1998. 7) Mulroney established a national sales tax, the Goods and Service Tax (GST), replacing the previous Manufacturers' Sales Tax (MST), that was applied to goods manufactured within Canada at the wholesale level. 8) Mulroney was also responsible for the first time since 1974 that the Canadian forces took part in combat operations directly. Mulroney supported the UN in the 1991 Gulf War and sent a CF-18 squadron with personnel, a field hospital, and members of the Royal Canadian Regiment to protect these provisions. He also would later send destroyers, a supply ship, and Canadian planes to help in the UN's efforts.

Briefly explain 2 failures of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau

1) One of Trudeau's major failures was that of the 1969 White Paper on Indians that proposed the assimilation of First Nations in Canada by abolishing the Indian Act, Indian Status, the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, and giving reserve land to private owners. This was met with outrage by Indian and Aboriginal activists, and therefore the legislation was set aside. 2) Trudeau struggled greatly with the growing rate of inflation, and was being bombarded with conflicting advice from all sides. His indecision became so infuriating that Finance Minister John Turner actually resigned due to the lack of support and action Trudeau's government was taking to reduce the issue. Trudeau would then pass the Anti-Inflation Act that sought to introduce wage and price controls to curtail inflation but was met with backlash immediately due to it infringing on powers traditionally belonging to the provinces. Because of this, the Supreme Court decided that the legislation could only be used in an emergency that required Federal intervention under the BNA.

Explain 2 impacts the Group of 7 had on the art world in Canada.

1) One of the groups main goals was to establish a distinctly Canadian art movement. They largely succeeded in doing so, finding a distinctive and unique style which they used to depict Canadian landscapes. They rebelled against the norms of 19th century naturalism, focusing more on depicting the feelings they held for the subjects of their work instead of simply trying to replicate their subjects on a canvas. 2) The Group of Sevens work and art has become synonymous with the Canadian identity. Their uniquely "Canadian" style became increasingly popular throughout both Canada and the World. Their work had a profound impact on the nature of "Canadian Art" and forever changed both its style and spirit.

The first Prime Minister of Canada was: A) George Washington B) Sir John A. Macdonald C) George Brown D) Alexander Mackenzie

B) Sir John A. Macdonald

Explain the accomplishments of Norman Bethune in 1930's Spain and China

1) SPAIN: Bethune traveled to Spain in 1936, during the Spanish Civil War. Here, he planned to offer his services as a surgeon to the government forces. However, he soon realized that the way he could help the people of Spain was to setup a mobile blood transfusion service. This would allow him to easily transport donated blood to soldiers who had been wounded at or near the front lines. He saved countless lives this way. 2) CHINA: Bethune traveled to Yan'an, China in 1928 to support the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong. He would then be appointed medical advisor to the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Military District. It was there that he would soon realize just how inadequately the medical staff's training was and how limited their supply of surgical instruments and medicines were. During his time in China, he would perform countless surgical operations, invent numerous helpful new instruments and tools, and established proper training for doctors, nurses, and orderlies.

Briefly explain 8 accomplishments of Prime Minister St. Laurent

1) St. Laurent's foreign policy initiatives were responsible for turning Canada from a country with a very little power in world affairs to one that was a social, military, and economic active middle power after WWII. 2)He advocated for the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and supported the United Nations in the Korean War, providing them with a large number of troops, ships and aircraft to assist them with the conflict. 3)It was under St. Laurent's direction that Lester B. Pearson, helped to solve the 1956 Suez Crisis, a conflict in Egypt that threatened to divide the Western military alliance. Pearson and St. Laurent's efforts through the use of United Nations Emergency Force (Peacekeeping force). It is often been said that without the two's intervention, the confrontation may have led to a nuclear war. 4) St. Laurent's used the revenue left after paying back Canada's War and Great Depression debts, to fund many Canadian social programs. The most notable program, is arguably is his, "Hospital Insurance," an early version of Medicare that would lay the groundwork for Canada's eventual universal healthcare system. 5) St. Laurent universalized old-age pensions for all Canadians seventy and above, introduced old age assistance for those sixty five and above, and introduced allowances for the blind and disabled. 6) St. Laurent amended the National Housing Act, making it so that funding would be given to non-profit organisations and provincial governments to help renovate and construct housing for students, the disabled, the elderly, and low income families. 7) St. Laurent also made big moves to further Canada's autonomy from Britain such as making the Supreme Court of Canada the highest level of legal appeal for Canadians, instead of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of Great Britain. He also negotiated the BNA Act in 1949, which among other things, gave the Canadian Parliament the ability to amend parts of the constitution. He also was responsible for Queen Elizabeth II's appointment of Vicent Massey as Governor General, making him the first Canadian born Governor General in Canada's history. 8) St. Laurent's government also introduced, "Equalization payments" which were essentially a way to allow the taxation revenues to be redistributed to help poor provinces with funding for government programs and services.

List five significant pieces of information about the Internment of Japanese Canadians in Canada from 1940 - 1945

1) The Internment of Japanese Canadians in Canada began with Prime Minister Mackenzie King ordering that any and all persons from any "protected area" within in the Country be removed and detained in February of 1942. Although this may seem like a very vague, general policy, it's true purpose was that of removing and detaining West Coast Japanese Canadians. 2) Action would then be taken on the 16th of March, when 8,000 Japanese Canadians who lived in what the government decided were "protected areas" on the Pacific Coast were taken to Hastings Park. Any of these people's property which they could not carry was taken into the government's "protective custody." 3) Trains would then take these Japanese Canadians to either sugar beet farms on the prairies or internment camps that had been set up in a number of BC ghost towns. These camps were immensely overpopulated and had no electricity or running water. 4) In addition to this, in January of 1943, the government liquidated all of the Japanese Canadians property that the government had taken under their "protective custody" earlier. This mean that the homes, farms, businesses, and personal property of these people were sold without their permission. 5) Once WWII had ended, Mackenzie King gave the interned Japanese Canadians two options: either move to Japan or to provinces east of the Rocky Mountains. He never apologized or showed an ounce of regret for the mistreatment and internment of these Japanese Canadians. By the end of the war, around 90% of Japanese Canadians,over 22,000 people, were uprooted and interned in between 1940 and 1945.

Briefly explain 2 failures of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney

1) The Western provinces played a large role in Mulroney's electoral success. So, during his time in office he tried to appeal to them constantly by bringing Westerners into his Cabinet, cancelling the National Energy Program, etc. However, he was met with quite a few failures on this front, enraging Manitoba with his moving of CF-18 servicing from Manitoba to Quebec as well as his pressuring of Manitoba in regards to French language rights. 2) Mulroney also let down the Canadian Forces in quite a big way. He proposed many reforms, but only a few were actually followed through. One example of this was the promise he made to increase the military budget and force to 92,000 troops. Instead, the budget was cut and the number of troops fell to below 80,000.

Explain the contributions that women make to the war effort. (3 ways)

1) The first was their participation in the workplace, with thousands of women fillings jobs that had traditionally been considered "male jobs." They worked in factories, airfields, and farms, built ship and aircraft parts, manufactured ammunition, and drove buses, taxis, and streetcars. 2) The second way they contributed to the war effort was in the charitable work they did, the amount of which is nearly immeasurable. They embraced the wartime rationing and took to making their own clothes and planting their own "victory gardens." They would then give the produce these gardens yielded to members of their family and communities. Besides all that, they also set up refugee centres, sent handmade clothing to the soldiers overseas, and hosted scrap collection drives. 3) The third way they contributed to the war effort was by actually serving in the army, something that before WWII was unheard of in Canada. The first women's forces were created in 1941 and over 50,000 women served in the armed forces during WWII.

What were the basic demands of workers as the strike progresses in 1919

1) The right to collective bargaining 2) The right to a living wage 3) Safer working conditions

Describe three ways that the Communist Party of Canada tried to help workers in the 1930's

1) Tried to help workers in the 1930's was to unionize a number of industries. 2) Played a part in organizing the "On to Ottawa Trek" in 1935. 3) In many ways the CPC was at the forefront of the fight for labour rights during the 1930s. They were the first political party within Canada to advocate for unemployment insurance, better healthy and safety regulations, better hours for workers, and a better minimum wage.

Briefly explain 7 accomplishments and 2 failures of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau

1) Trudeau implemented many of the recommendations of Lester B. Pearson's Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. He did this by passing the Official Languages Act, making French and English the two official languages of both Canada and the federal government. 2) Trudeau, although remaining in NATO, followed a more independent path then his predecessor when it came to international relations in foreign affairs. One such example of this is his development of a diplomatic relationship with the People's Republic of China before the United States did. 3) Trudeau continued his attempts at increasing Canada's international profile, including joining the G7 group of major economic powers in 1976. While he was in office, Canada joined the G7 or Group of 7, a group of the seven largest International Monetary Fund described advanced economies in the world. 4) Under Trudeau, Bill C-84 was passed. This bill abolished the death penalty within Canada entirely, substituting it with a life sentence without parole for 25 years for first degree murder. 5) One of Trudeau's biggest successes was his campaign against the referendum on Quebec sovereignty. By using Jean Chrétien to speak to the working class Quebec voters who were not fans of Trudeau as well as delivered an incredibly effective speece in order to push them towards a "No" decision. He promised that a new constitutional agreement would be reached if they decided to stay and that the people of Quebec's concerns would be heard. Quebec decided to stay ultimately, with around 60% voting "No." 6) Trudeau also introduced a domestic amending formula as well as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which completed Trudeau's vision of Canada sovereignty and the protection of individual, linguistic, and cultural freedoms. 7) Trudeau also introduced initiatives to make sure that Canadian film and broadcasting content was being made, as well as money was given to develop Canada's media and cultural industries, making them stronger than ever before.

Explain the Conscription Crisis which takes place in Canada during World War II.

After the Conscription Crisis during WWI, Prime Minister Mackenzie King promised that there would be no conscription for overseas service during WWII. He would then go onto establish the National Resources Mobilization Act. Under this act, a national registration of eligible men were established and conscription for home defense was authorized. Many in English-Canada did not feel this was enough however, believing that the NRMA conscripts should volunteer themselves for overseas service. This mounting pressure in addition to Japan joining the war led to an overwhelming amount of people calling for overseas conscription. So, Mackenzie King issued a vote asking Canadians to release him from the promise he had made in 1939. 64% of voters agreed to this request, but 73% of Quebec voters were against it. Despite the protestations of the non-english speaking Canadians, the NRMA was amended, allowing young men to now be conscripted for overseas service. King was still hesitant to actually follow through with doing so however, believing they had enough volunteers to get by. This changed after the high casualty rates caused by fighting in Normandy after D-Day. This caused Canada's Minister of National Defence, J.L. Ralston to believe that sending conscripts overseas was now unavoidable. King would end up forcing him to resign and bringing General A.G.L. McNaughton onboard as the new Minister. However, despite King's valiant efforts to avoid sending conscripts overseas, even McNaughton could not find enough NRMA volunteers. So, King ordered conscripts overseas. By the end of the war around 13,000 NRMA conscripts had been sent overseas, with only 2,463 actually making it to units in the field and around 69 dying in battle.

Who benefited more from the treaties? Why?

Although at the time of the signing of the treaties they were seen as an agreement between two equal parties, the government of Canada would go on to ultimately violate the rights they had promised the first nations people of Canada. This can be seen most notably in the government's creation of Residential Schools, a thinly veiled attempt by the Canadian government to assimilate first nations children into eurocanadian culture. The schools and the education they provided was shoddy at best and downright abusive at their worst. Many children were physically, emotionally, or sexually abused at these schools and were taught to believe that they were second class citizens. They were not provided the same quality of education that was provided to white children off reserve. Another example of a way these treaties were violated was with the Indian Act that greatly restricted the First Nations population of Canada in ways that they had never agreed to. They were denied a right to lawyer, had Indian agents placed on reserves, had their cultural practices limited and much much more. This only served to further tip the scales of power in the Canadian government's favor.

Describe in a number of paragraphs what influence the Klan had on Saskatchewan in the late 1920's

Although the Klu Klax Klan is often viewed as a purely American organization. However that's not entirely true, as the KKK actually had quite a significant presence in Saskatchewan. Started in 1926 by a group of men from the US, the Saskatchewan Ku Klux Klan was the only prominent branch of the KKK in a part of the world outside of the United States. In order to accomplish this however, the Klan deviated from their usual anti black rhetoric, focusing more on Catholics and Jews, who had been immigrating in mass from Europe at the time. They said there goal was to achieve '100% Canadianism', feeding into the fears of those in the province who were already considered about the influx of European immigrants. By harnessing these pre-existing tensions within Saskatchewan, the Klan managed to gain footing, securing over 40,000 members at their peak. The Saskatchewan Klan's main goals were political and financial ones, the men behind it wanted money and power. That's why they set their sights on Jimmy Gardiner, the Saskatchewan premier at the time. They wanted him out of office due to his political goals not aligning with theirs as well his public condemnation of the Klu Klux Klan. Their distaste for Gardiner became increasingly apparent during the 1929 provincial election, with crosses being burned where Gardiner held rallies. Something to note is that quite a few of the Klu Klux Klan's political sentiments closely aligned with that of the Conservative Party at the time. Both expressing heavy anti-French, anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant feeling. Although I don't necessarily believe that the Conservative Party and Klan were in cahoots, they never directly condemned them until they took office. I also believe that the Klan's influence, or at least the ideology behind them, were partly responsible for ending the 24 year rule of the Liberal government in Saskatchewan. After their condemnation however, the Klan disappeared for the most part. This was probably in part due to the rural folks of Saskatchewan not wanting to support its divisive ideas after the Conservatives condemned them as well as Canadian concern shifting to the economic instability brought about by the depression.

Canada opens its own Department of External Affairs in 1909 because of the A) Naval Bill B) Alaska Boundary Dispute C) Boer War D) Riel Rebellion/Resistance

B) Alaska Boundary Dispute

The leader of the Parti Bleu in the Canadian Colonies in 1864 was A) Macdonald B) Cartier C) Brown D) Tilley

B) Cartier

Colonel Otter was responsible for the Militia's defeat at A) Frog Lake B) Cutknife Hill C) Fish Creek D) Fort Qu'Appelle

B) Cutknife Hill

Gabriel Dumont was Riel's right hand man who A) Died in the Battle of Batoche B) Escaped to the United States and worked in the Wild West Show. C) Only had one eye D) Criticized Riel's religious beliefs.

B) Escaped to the United States and worked in the Wild West Show.

Which statement best describes the term Reciprocity? A) Fair Taxation B) Free Trade C) Indirect Taxation D) Representative Government

B) Free Trade

This individual felt that Confederation would bring high taxes and increased prices. A) Charles Tupper B) Joseph Howe C) Samuel Tilley D) A.A. Dorian

B) Joseph Howe

The most important element to preserving a culture or way of life is: A) Religion B) Language C) Music D) Poetry

B) Language

Louis Riel was in the United States from 1870 to 1884, because: A) He was mentally ill. B) There was a $5,000.00 reward on his head. C) His mother was ill in Montana. D) He ran a resistance group out of Northern Montana.

B) There was a $5,000.00 reward on his head.

How did Canada contribute to the War Effort on the Home Front?

Because of the war, a large majority of the men within Canada had left to serve their country. So those left behind (mostly women), had to pick up the slack and keep the country going whilst supporting the soldiers across the sea. One such way this was done was via rationing, something that was needed during WWI to make sure the troops stayed fed and had the supplies they needed. One example of the way this was done was that women would hold recycling scrap metal drives and donate old household items to ensure rubber, gas, metal, nylon, and other hard to come by materials remained available. Another way those on the home front contributed to the war effort was farm wives and children keeping their farms going while the men were away. They had to take up many tasks that they had never been responsible for prior to WWI such as caring for the animals, planting, harvesting, and managing finances. A similar assuming of roles that had traditionally had been filled by men could be seen off of farms as well as with the men at war, many jobs were left open and needing to be filled.

Briefly outline the details of the Persons Case in Canada. What rights do women now have in Canada as a result of the decision in 1929?

Before 1929, Canadian women were considered by law to be ''non persons". This was the justification given as to why women weren't eligible to be appointed to the Senate. This issue became a prominent part of the women's rights movement after Emily Murphy was told she was not qualified to be a magistrate because under the BNA she was not a "person". This led the group of Albertan women known as the Famous 5, to start working together to fight to change this issue of women's "non person" status. They managed to get Prime Minister Mackenzie King to ask the Canadian Supreme Court to clarify the definition of "persons" under the BNA. Unfortunately, the Canadian court rejected their request so the Famous 5 were forced to get the Government of Canada to appeal to the Judicial Committee of the British Privy Council. Thankfully, the Judicial Committee agreed with them and they won the case. This meant that Canadian women were now legally considered "persons" under Canadian law and that their "non person" status could not be used to stop women from participating in aspects of public life such as being appointed to the Senate and being able to vote and become candidates in all federal and provincial elections.

This Cree Chief was involved with the burning of Fort Pitt: A) Fine Day B) Otter C) Big Bear D) Poundmaker

C) Big Bear

The Alaska Boundary Dispute was lost by Canada because A) The United States bought the Panhandle B) America threatened Canada with war C) Britain voted with the USA during the Boundary Commission debates D) Britain sold the Panhandle to the USA without Canada's consent

C) Britain voted with the USA during the Boundary Commission debates

Which of the following statements did the Trent Affair not do? A) An attempt by the Americans to arrest Southern Diplomats B) An event that caused the British North American Colonies to look at Confederation C) Caused Britain to join the Civil War D) Prompted to raise a Canadian Militia force.

C) Caused Britain to join the Civil War

Representation by Population refers to A) Electing a member to the elected assembly B) The Canadian Senate C) Each representative elected to the assembly should represent the same number of voters. D) Each member of the assembly is elected every five years.

C) Each representative elected to the assembly should represent the same number of voters.

This British Officer led the Canadian Militia at Batoche A) General Kitchener B) General Smuts C) General Middleton D) General Otter

C) General Middleton

The main draft of the British North America Act was written at: A) Montreal B) Toronto C) Quebec City D) Charlottetown

C) Quebec City

In 1885 the capital of the Northwest territory was A) Calgary B) Edmonton C) Regina D) Prince Albert

C) Regina

This Prime Minister was responsible for large numbers of new immigrants coming to western Canada. A) Sir John A. Macdonald B) Sir Alexander Mackenzie C) Sir Wilfred Laurier D) Sir Charles Tupper

C) Sir Wilfred Laurier

Arthur Howard was responsible for A) Many casualties at Fish Creek B) The finishing of the CPR. C) The introduction of the Gatling gun to the Canadian Militia. D) The building of the telegraph wire from Edmonton to Winnipeg.

C) The introduction of the Gatling gun to the Canadian Militia.

A group or nation of people are said to be assimilated when A) They make a trade agreement with another country B) There is a deadlock in the government C) They lose their culture and beliefs and adopt the cultural beliefs of the dominant culture. D) They move to another colony

C) They lose their culture and beliefs and adopt the cultural beliefs of the dominant culture.

Explain the part that Canada plays in the Manhattan Project

Canada's involvement in the Manhattan Project has been largely forgotten. However, the played a significant role in the early stages of research and development. You see, in 1942, Britain began to near the production phase of the atomic bomb. However, for a number of reasons they decided to relocate the secret "Tube Alloys" project to the United States. America initially agreed to this but eventually refused to collaborate with Britain any longer, fearing that doing so could jeopardize the projects secrecy. So, Britain turned to Canada, proposing that a joint British-Canadian nuclear laboratory be established. Canada was hesitant at first but eventually agreed, believing that the pros of the undertaking outweighed the cons. So, in August 1942, the Montreal Laboratory was created with the purpose of continuing the nuclear research that England had started. In addition to this, Canada also played a significant role in terms of providing the uranium needed to produce atomic bombs. From 1942 to 1945, Canada was responsible for the mining and and shipping of large quantities of uranium ore to the United States.

At the Provincial Conference of 1887 the Premiers demanded A) More tax money for the Provinces B) The ability to appoint Senators C) The federal Government stops using the Power of Disallowance D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Canada became prosperous between 1896 and 1911 because A) Many people settled on farms and produced large wheat crops B) Gold, silver, and other minerals were discovered in many parts of the country C) Rivers were used to produce hydroelectricity for mills and factories. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The Manitoba School Question of 1892 was A) Responsible for the defeat of the Conservative Government in 1896 B) Responsible for the reduction of Catholic Schools in Manitoba C) Very upsetting to the Province of Quebec D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The people of Manitoba in the 1890's dislike the CPR because A) The tracks destroy the land B) The CPR had a 20 year monopoly on the building of railroads C) Freight rates were to high D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Clifford Sifton Managed to attract settlers to Western Canada by A) Offering land at a very cheap price. B) Advertising in many foreign news papers C) Encouraging farmers to settle in the west D) All of the above.

D) All of the above.

George Etienne Cartier supported a Federal Union because A) the church pressured him in to the position B) Quebec would be able to increase trade. C) The French Canadian way of life would be preserved. D) B and C

D) B and C

Newfoundland does not join confederation because: A) Fishing on the Grand Banks is excellent B) The colony remains loyal to Britain C) The Province took great pride in its way of life D) B and C

D) B and C

This Man Became Prime Minister in 1911 A) Teddy Roosevelt B) Arthur Meighen C) Sir Wilfred Laurier D) Sir Robert Borden

D) Sir Robert Borden

The original purpose of the Senate was to A) Elect the Prime Minister B) Pass all taxation bills C) Choose the Governor General D) Take a second look at legislation passed by Parliament

D) Take a second look at legislation passed by Parliament

Canada West and Canada East refers to A) The territory between B.C. and Manitoba B) The eastern and western townships of Quebec C) Quebec and Ontario D) The Provinces of Confederation

D) The Provinces of Confederation

Henri Bourassa was: A) The Premier of Quebec who has recently retired B) The first French speaking Governor General of Canada C) The First leader of the Bloc Quebecois in Quebec D) The Quebec politician who fought for provincial rights in the 1890's and early 1900's.

D) The Quebec politician who fought for provincial rights in the 1890's and early 1900's.

The Peace Order and Good Government clause refers to too: A) The B.N.A. clause which deals with Aboriginal People B) The B.N.A. clause allowing the provincial governments to deal with taxation. C) The act that gives the military the right to put down riots. D) The clause in the B.N.A. act that gives the federal Government the right to disallow any law the Provinces make which is not in the public good.

D) The clause in the B.N.A. act that gives the federal Government the right to disallow any law the Provinces make which is not in the public good.

The two generals killed at the Plains of Abraham in 1759 were A) Currie and Marshall Nee B) Dumont and Middleton C) Macdonald and Cartier D) Wolfe and Montcalm

D) Wolfe and Montcalm

Who was David Greyeyes?

David Greyeyes is another famous Indigenous Canadian soldier who served during WWII. During his time in the Canadian Army, he would serve in a total of seven different European countries and would fill a number of military roles. From the time of his enlistment, it was clear Greyeyes had a talent for machine-gun use, rifle use, and drill instruction. Because of this, he was assigned to a teaching position in a machine-gun reinforcement unit. He carried out this role for more than two years, providing weapons training to a countless number of reinforcements. He would then be transferred to BC, where he would undertake an officer's training program before returning to Britain five months later as a lieutenant. There, he serves as a platoon commander with the Saskatoon Light Infantry, fighting in Sicily, North Africa, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. During his time in Italy, he would be awarded the Greek Military Cross for his support of the Greek Mountain Brigade, making him one of only 14 Canadians to receive this award.

Explain what the Manitoba school question was all about.

During Manitoba's creation in 1870, its population was divided into two groups of nearly equal size. These two groups were the French-speaking Catholics and the English-speaking Protestants. Because of this, under the Manitoba Act of 1870, a dual school system was created that made it so both Catholic and Protestant schools were publicly funded. However, when Greenway become Premiere of Manitoba, English-speaking Protestants had become the majority in Manitoba by quite a large margin. Because of this, Greenway abolished the formed dual system in favor of a non-denominational school system in 1890. This meant that Catholic schools would no longer be publicly funded. Additionally under this legislation, these new schools would be exclusively run in English and English would now be the only language used in the courts and government. This obviously upset Manitoba's French population as they felt this legislation put their language and culture at risk and violated their rights under the Manitoba Act. This debate quickly spread throughout the whole country, dividing French and English Canadians, creating tension between Catholics and non-Catholics, and questioned the provincial and federal government's role in education like never before.

Explain the following event of the depression, the Relief Camps

During the Great Depression, thousands of single men were left unemployed. These men's numbers were increasing by the day and they began congregating in the cities. Prime Minister R.B. Bennett, fearing a Communist revolt, set-up labor camps for these men. Here, they could not vote or organize and they would be tasked with manual labor in return for room, board, medical care, as well as 20 cents a day. Although these camps were voluntary, those who refused to go could be arrested for vagrancy. Bennett hoped these camps would lessen the young mens outrage, but they only served to deepen it as the camps offered no real solution to the unemployment crisis. This anger would spark cross country protests and ultimately lead to the Regina Riot. The labor camps would then go on to be shut down in 1936. During their operation, a grand total of 170,248 Canadian men had stayed in these relief camps.

Explain reasons as to why recruitment drops in Quebec

French Canadians were not all that interested in enlisting from the very start. This was for a few reasons. For one, they felt little to no attachment to Britain and two, to them, the Canadian army was a English Canadian institution, not a French Canadian one. They lacked the same patriotism that those of English Canada felt. Thirdly, they were all still upset about Ontario banning French in schools. Fourthly, English was the only language used in the Canadian army.

Explain how Laurier proposes to solve the Manitoba School Question.

Laurier took a sort of "middle-of-the-road" stance on the issue and offered a compromise. Under this compromise, if schools had forty or more Catholic Children, Catholic teachers could be employed and if enough families requested it, religious instruction would be allowed for a half hour a day. Additionally, if there were enough French-speaking students, French could be used in addition to English. Although this compromise was accepted, it was nowhere near a perfect solution. It still ultimately ended up with the French-Catholics conceding a lot, as the compromise offered little to no protection of their language, religion, or culture.

Explain how R.B. Bennett the Prime Minister elected in 1930 to deal with the depression, felt the economic crisis could be solved

R.B. Bennett was a strong supporter of the free enterprise system, believing that the government should play as little of role as possible in businesses and their activities. Because of this, all efforts he made to deal with the economic crisis were quite traditional. His initial attempts made little to no difference: he tried to protect Canadian markets by raising import tariffs to high levels and got Britain to give Canada some preferential trading opportunities. Both measures proved ineffective. So, he had to stray further away from these traditional economic tactics, giving provincial governments twenty million dollars for relief programs as well as creating labor camps that would give unemployed single men with just enough money to survive. Despite these attempts at deviating from using traditional economic tools, most, if not all his initiatives were still ultimately unsuccessful, offering no real solution to the mass unemployment that has spread throughout Canada.

Explain the Italian Campaign

The Italian Campaign is the name given to the many organized Allied missions both in and around Italy during WWII. This included the invasion of Sicily in July of 1943, the invasion of the Italian mainland in September of 1943, and the continued efforts of the Allies until Italy's eventual surrender in May of 1945. Canadians played a major role in the Italian Campaign, with over 93,000 of them fighting alongside allies from Britain, France, and America. Together, they travelled from the south of Italy to its north over 20 months, facing resistance every step of the way. Around 6,000 Canadians died in the Italian Campaign.

Explain the following event of the depression, the On to Ottawa Trek

The "On To Ottawa Trek" is the name given to the cross country protest undertaken by thousands of unemployed men during the Depression, who did so with the hopes of getting the federal government to do something about the unemployment crisis. It originally began with a large group of men from BC relief camps holding a public demonstration in Vancouver. Nothing came of it and the federal government gave little to no recognition in the way of the protesters concerns. So, the protesters began the "On to Ottawa Trek", hoping that by moving the protest to Ottawa, the government would have no choice but to listen. The protesters traveled from city to city, gaining more and more recruits as they went. By the time they had reached Regina, their original 1,000 strikers had doubled. It was here in Regina that the federal government ordered the railways to not allow the men to go any further. The Prime Minister then invited a few of the strikes to meet with him in Ottawa, but the attempt at negotiation ended with no ground being gained by either side. Eventually, a few hundred strikers met in Regina's Market Square. Here, they were met with Mounties, who were under orders to arrest the strikers leaders. The strikers threw stones and the Mounties fired back with their revolvers. By the morning, more than 100 people had been sent to the hospital. This marked the end of the "On to Ottawa Trek", with strikers being either jailed or returning to the relief camps. Bennett may have gotten his way but his actions during the trek would greatly impact his popularity, serving as just one of the many reasons he would soon be voted out of office.

Explain the Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest military campaign of WWII, lasting from 1939-1945. It's cause was that of the United Kingdom's dependency on imported goods. The conflict arose from the Axis attempting to hinder the flow of goods to Britain, and the Allies attempting to keep Britain getting the goods they needed. As new weapons and tactics were developed and countries continued to surrender, join, and change sides, the power dynamic between the two sides was shifting constantly. However, the Allies did eventually come out on top, defeating the German surface raiders by the end of 1942 and the U-boats by the middle of 1943, although the conflict wouldn't officially come to an end until Germany's surrender in 1945. By the wars end over 4,600 Canadians lost their lives in the Battle of the Atlantic.

Explain the Battle of the Schedlt

The Battle of the Scheldt was not actually a single battle, but rather a series of military missions undertaken by Canadian, British, and Polish troops during WWII. The battle spanned from October 2nd to November 8th of 1944 and took place in Belgium and the Netherlands. Their goal was to open the shipping route to Antwerp, so that they could use the port to transport supplies to Allies in north-west Europe. The battle took five weeks and by the end, the Allies had successfully opened the route through a series of assaults. 12,783 Allied soldiers lost their lives over its course, with nearly half of them being Canadian.

Describe the British Commonwealth Training Program

The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan or BCATP was one of the largest aviation training programs ever. Created during WWII by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, the BCATP trained nearly half of the each countries respective air force. To make this happen, a lot was required of Canada. Experts were assembled, airfields were developed, large quantities of equipment were obtained, and 151 schools were established. By the time WWII had ended, the BCATP had was responsible for training 131,553 aircrew across the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.

Explain how the CCF was founded in 1932

The CCF was founded as a result of a multitude of labour and socialist groups coming together under the shared goal of economic reform, which the hopes of helping those affected by the Great Depression in Canada. Many of the parties first members were those who belonged to the Ginger Group or the League of Social Reconstruction. It was a meeting between members of these two groups, that the basis of the CCF was formed. At this meeting, J.S. Woodsworth was appointed temporary leader and the party was given the temporary name of the "Commonwealth Party". Then, at its founding convention in 1932 in Calgary, the party was given its official name of the "Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation" and J.S. Woodsworth became the official party leader. The CCF would eventually go on to become the New Democratic Party in 1961.

Explain the preparations which the First Canadian army took to prepare for the attack on Vimy Ridge

The Canadian army made extensive preparations for the attack on Vimy Ridge. The troops practice and trained for months by doing night raids to gain information on their Germany enemies, got night combat experience, practiced in a mock-up battlefield, etc. This made it so they were all extremely prepared when the day of the battle finally came. They also made sure that every unit knew both their objectives and the objectives of the units around them. This enables them to be able to pick up the slack if an adjacent unit was facing heavy onslaught. Similarly, Junior officers and NCOs were also told the plans so that they could take over for their superiors if something went wrong. Finally, around 40,000 maps of the battlefield was spread amongst the troops to ensure they were even further prepared for the upcoming battle.

Explain the Dieppe Raid

The Dieppe Raid is the name given to the WWII assault on the port of Dieppe, France on the 19th of August 1942. 5,000 Canadians, 1,000 British, and 50 Americans were involved in this onslaught against the German-occupied port and the majority of the conflict lasted around six hours before the Allied forces had no choice but to retreat. There goal was not to actually permanently take over the port for themselves but rather to hold onto it for a short period of time to prove themselves as a formidable foe and gather intelligence. They also wanted to, after retreating, destroy port structures and the German coastal defences. However, the Allies were ultimately unsuccessful in doing so, as by the end of the assault, the vast majority of their troops were either either killed, evacuated, or left behind. 6,086 men made it on shore and 3,623 of them ended up dead, wounded or captured. More than half of the Canadian soldiers involved lost their lives in the Dieppe Raid.

Whose powers are spelled out in section 91? List 3.

The Federal Government's powers are spelled out in section 91 of the BNA act. A few examples of their powers are: 1) Control of Banks 2) First Nations People 3) Disallowance

Explain who the Group of seven were

The Group of Seven was the name given to an organization of Canadian modern artists founded in 1920. They were best known for their use of bright colors and simple dynamic forms, which they used to paint the beautiful landscapes of Canada. They are largely regarded as some of the most important Canadian artists of the first decades of the twentieth century.

Explain the Normandy Landings/D-Day

The Normandy Landings, or as it is often referred, D-Day, was the largest seaborne invasion ever. It took place on the 6th of June, 1944 during WWII and marked the beginning of the Allies liberating France from Nazi control. The Allied forces landed on the coast of France at 6:30 on June 6th, and were immediately subjected to a formidable defense from their opponents troops. Awaiting them was a rain of bullets and hidden mines, which ultimately resulted in the Allies being unable to achieve any of the goals they had originally set out to accomplish for the first day. Thankfully as the months went on, the Allies were able to gain a significant foothold. In total, over 4,000 allied soldiers died on D-Day, with 359 of them being Canadian. In the months that followed D-Day, around 5,000 Canadian soldiers would be killed in Normandy.

Explain the Peace Order and Good Government Clause

The Peace Order and Good Government Clause is a clause in the British North America Act. It gives the Federal Government the power to disallow/override any law the Provinces make that they see as not in the public good.

Whose powers are spelled out in section 92? List 3.

The Provincial Government's powers are spelled out in section 92 of the BNA Act. A few examples of their powers are: 1) The Education System 2) The Management of Provincial Funds 3) The Solemnization of Marriage

Explain in a short paragraph, how the Social Credit party was founded in Alberta, in the 1930's

The Social Credit party was born out of William "Bible Bill" Aberhart's economic preachings. Aberhart was a radio evangelist who gained popularity in the 1930's during the Depression. Although he started off spouting purely religious doctrine, he eventually began to incorporate his views on economics into his radio shows. This was a result of Aberhart becoming inspired by a economic theory known as "social credit", which asserted that capitalist governments should give distribute money amongst the population in order to stimulate the economy and increase spending. Aberhart became a strong believer in this theory and began speaking on it during his radio show, proposing that the Alberta provincial government should give each citizen 25$ each month. He popularized this idea and it eventually grew into what would come to be known as the Social Credit Party in Alberta.

Explain the lasting effects of the Winnipeg General Strike which carried on in to the 1920's and 1930's.

The Winnipeg General Strike ultimately ended with the metal workers going back to work without a wage increase. Many who participated in the strike were jailed, deported, or lost their jobs. This isn't to say that the strike was a complete failure however. The social and economic climate that both caused and resulted from the strike, persisted even after the strike was officially ended. The strike's efforts would lead Tobias Norris, the premier of Manitoba at the time to call a public inquiry to the conditions that caused the Winnipeg General Strike. It also led to the Conservative's defeat and the Liberals win in the federal election in 1921, with their promises of labour reform. There was also a pretty apparent rise in labour representatives being elected in both civic and provincial elections in the following years AND led to the formation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in 1932, which would later become the New Democratic Party. Basically what I'm trying to say is, although the strike may have been smothered, the ideas behind it were not. Today, we have legislation that protects union rights, standardized safe work conditions, improved social welfare, higher minimum wage, and much more.

Explain how the Canadian Government controls the economy during World War II

The war's outbreak actually led to the greatest economic growth Canada had ever seen. In fact, in between 1939 and 1945, Canada's gross national product more than doubled. This was largely due to the Canadian governments careful control of the economy during WWII, which they accomplished in a number of ways. 1) They put in place some standard wartime restrictions, such as limiting wages and prices, as well as rationing food and other products. 2)Income tax also was also raised greatly. 3) However, perhaps the largest reason behind the economic boom was Britain's outsourcing of resources from Canada during the war. This led to a large number of industrial jobs being made available and the Ministry of Munitions and Supply being established in the April of 1940. In 1939, the unemployment rate was 11.4%. By 1944, unemployment had dropped to 1933. By the end of the war, Canada had produced over 9.5 billion dollars worth of resources.

Who was Tommy Prince?

Tommy Prince was an Indigenous Canadian who fought for Canada during WWII. He originally enlisted in the Canadian Army at the start of the war, but was repeatedly turned down until he was eventually accepted in June of 1940. One of his most famous feats was his execution of a reconnaissance mission in Italy in 1944. His mission had two objectives. The first being to run a telephone line into enemy territory and the second being to set up an observation post in a spot less than 200 meters from the German line. This would enable him to collect and send back info on the enemies positions. He was successful in doing this but unfortunately shell fire cut the line he had set up the next day. This didn't stop Prince. He put on civilian clothes and posed as an Italian farmer, so that he could repair the broken line, The German's fell for this ruse and Prince's mission was a success and he was awarded the Military Medal as a result (only three soldiers received this). He would also go on to receive the Silver Star, a honour awarded to only 59 Canadans. By the end of the War he had been awarded a grand total of 11 metals, making him one of Canada's most decorated First Nation's soldiers.

Explain some accomplishments of Chinese Canadian Soldiers during WWII

With Japan's entering WWII and subsequent occupation of Southeast Asia, Britain wanted to send agents to Southeast Asia to help organize local resistance fighters, help with espionage, and sabotage supply lines and equipment. They originally wanted to train Southeast Asian locals but many of them distrusted the British. So, they were forced to look for spies elsewhere, which they found in Canada's Chinese population, whose ability to blend in easily in Southeast Asia and speak both English and Cantonese, made them prime candidates. So, around 150 Chinese Canadians were recruited, becoming known as members of Force 136. One such member was Henry Fung, whose team managed to disable telephone lines and blow up a railway bridge in Japanese-occupied Kuala Lumpur on June 22nd, 1945. HIs team was also responsible for taking control of the city of Kajang after Japanese surrendered as well as organizing and supporting the Malayan People's' Anti-Japanese Army. Another member was Roger Cheng, whose team helped to gather information about Japanese troops and prisoner of war camps in August of 1945. They also helped in the transportation of British prisoners of war after Japan's surrender. Besides Cheng and Fung, there were many other notable Chinese Canadians who played a major role in helping out in Southeast Asia post surrender. Many helped to liberate POW camps, prevent revenge massacres, and maintained order and security within Southeast Asia. These Chinese Canadians members work did not only help the war effort but also helped Chinese Canadians getting the right to vote within Canada.

Explain the advances made by women in the Area of Political Suffrage in the 1920s

Women doing traditionally male jobs while the men were at war proved a lot of people's misconceptions around women wrong. This led to a society that was more open to the idea of women's suffrage post war. This worked in tandem with Canadian politicians realizing that women's suffrage was becoming a prominent issue in Canada, one that could sway voters. Not only that but since the suffrage movement within Canada built its platform on the values of motherhood and family, it became popular in the larger Canadian reform movement. Reformers within Canada also saw female suffrage as a stepping stone to achieving their other goals such as prohibition, applied Christianity, child welfare, purity reform, and civic and education reform. All of this led to Manitoban women being awarded the right to vote and to hold provincial office in 1916, Saskatchewan and Alberta soon followed. Then, in June of 1918, in the first election where women were allowed to vote and run for office was held and two women were elected: Louise McKinney and Roberta MacAdams. The right to vote was then extended to all women in Canada in 1919 except for those in Quebec who did not award women the right to vote until 1940.