History first test

what group destroyed the hittite empire

"sea peoples"

The Torah contains the fundamental principles of the A.Israelites. B.Minoans. C.Egyptians. D.Indo-Europeans.

A.Israelites.

What helped the Kushites establish a successful trading empire? A.Their land had good supplies of iron ore, which they made into tools and weapons for sale abroad. B.They knew how to talk buyers into paying the highest prices. C.They specialized in luxury goods, which drew people from far and wide, even though Kush was out of the way. D.The Kushites were renowned seamen who took their ships to distant ports to acquire goods.

A.Their land had good supplies of iron ore, which they made into tools and weapons for sale abroad.

Sargon's power came primarily from A.his miltary strength. B.his skill for diplomacy. C.his self-designated status as a god. D.his reputation for being cruel and bloodthirsty.

A.his miltary strength.

he word Zoroastrianism comes from A.the name of the prophet whose teachings are recorded in the sacred book of the religion. B.the name of the Persians' supreme god and creator. C.the name of the city where the religion first arose. D.the name of the emperor who was in power when the religion arose.

A.the name of the prophet whose teachings are recorded in the sacred book of the religion.

who was the leader when the new Egyptian imperial state reached its height

Amenhotep III

Which pharaoh was ruling when the New Kingdom reached the height of its power? A.Ahmose I B.Amenhotep III C.Thutmosis I D.Hatshepsut

B.Amenhotep III

Hammurabi is now most remembered for A.leading his well-trained army into battle. B.developing the set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi. C.being "the sun of Babylon, the king who made the four quarters of the world obedient." D.the beautiful temples and palaces he had built in Babylon.

B.developing the set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi.

To help control his large empire, the Akkadian emperor Sargon A.traveled constantly, visiting every part of his empire several times a year. B.made the former rulers of the city-states he conquered into governors. C.executed the rulers of the city-states he conquered in order to intimidate his new subjects. D.made the soldiers who had proved bravest in battle the governors of the city-states he conquered.

B.made the former rulers of the city-states he conquered into governors.

When the emperor Darius conquered Thrace, A.the Greeks immediately surrendered and became part of the empire too. B.the Persian empire became the largest the world had yet known. C.he put all the members of the ruling family of Thrace to death. D.he built a luxurious palace and lived there in splendor.

B.the Persian empire became the largest the world had yet known.

how did farmers work around the flooding of Mesopotamia

By using irrigation and drainage ditches, farmers were able to grow crops regularly.

Indo-European languages include Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, German, and A.Chinese. B.Turkish. C.English. D.Arabic.

C.English.

At its height, the Akkadian empire included A.lands as far east as India. B.all of the lands between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. C.all of Mesopotamia and lands westward to the Mediterranean. D.all the Sumerian city-states and the territory south into Babylon.

C.all of Mesopotamia and lands westward to the Mediterranean.

The river valleys of Mesopotamia not only supported agriculture. They also A.made theocracy possible. B.encouraged the development of polytheism. C.provided transport and encouraged trade. D.formed the city-states of Sumerian civilization.

C.provided transport and encouraged trade.

What was the most famous feature of the city of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar II made it the center of his empire? A.the library. B.the 70-foot-tall statue of the emperor. C.the Hanging Gardens. D.Nebuchadnezzar's palace.

C.the Hanging Gardens.

In 539 B.C., Babylon fell to the A.the Chaldeans. B.the Hittites. C.the Persians. D.the Kushites.

C.the Persians.

The phrase "an eye for an eye" sums up a concept known as A.divide and conquer. B.the Code of Hammurabi. C.the principle of retaliation. D.a tooth for a tooth.

C.the principle of retaliation.

The ability to make copper, bronze, and iron helped lead to A.systematic agriculture. B.the beginning of barter. C.wealthier societies. D.treaties between warring groups.

C.wealthier societies.

what was the phoenicians most famous colony

Carthage, on the North African coast

This civilization, though not Greek, influenced the peoples of the Greek mainland. A.Hittites. B.Israelites. C.Phoenicians. D.Minoans.

D.Minoans.

Which of these innovations is Sumerian? A.the division of the year into 12 months B.the base 10 number system C.the division of months into 4 weeks D.a number system based on 60

D.a number system based on 60

It is most accurate to say that the Neolithic Revolution occurred A.as soon as the last Ice Age ended. B.relatively quickly after the last Ice Age ended. C.over a period of a thousand years. D.gradually, and over thousands of years.

D.gradually, and over thousands of years.

When an Assyrian army approached an enemy city, it would most likely A.try to use guerrilla warfare against the citizens. B.charge the city gates using horse-drawn chariots and iron spears. C.send a delegation of men into the city to try to negotiate a peaceful surrender. D.use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city.

D.use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city.

What is Nubia - who eventually turned to Kush - known for

Egyptian merchants traveled to Nubia to obtain ivory, ebony wood, frankincense (a fragrant tree resin), and leopard skins. Nubia was subject to Egyptian control for many centuries. However, the collapse of the New Kingdom enabled it to free itself and become the independent state of Kush

what is the largest and most significant pyramids

Great Pyramid of King Khufu

what led to the growth of governments

Growing numbers of people, the need to maintain the food supply, and the need for defense

who is the pharaoh whos son hated her

Hatshepsut

who/why are the minoans named after

Minos, the legendary king of Crete, because some of its structures were similar to the labyrinth that King Minos was said to have built

summary of epic of gilgamesh

Part man and part god, he befriends a hairy beast named Enkidu. Together, they set off to do great deeds. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh feels the pain of death and begins a search for the secret of immortality. His efforts fail, and Gilgamesh remains mortal, showing that "everlasting life" is only for the gods.

what are the most famous laws of the Torah (Judaism's foundational set of precepts)

Ten Commandments that Moses is said to have received at Mount Sinai

the divided kingdom

The Kingdom of Israel was composed of the ten northern tribes and established its capital at Samaria. To the south, the Kingdom of Judah consisted of two tribes and had its capital at Jerusalem.

who were the creators of the first mesopotamian civilization

The Sumerians

babylonian empire

The end of the Akkadian empire brought a return to independent city-states in Mesopotamia

what caused the phoenicians to emerge

The end of the Hittite kingdom and the weakening of Egypt temporarily left no dominant powers in western Asia

husband/wife

The husband was considered master of the house, but wives were well respected

what did kings do that showed they held great power

They led armies, supervised the building of public works, and organized workers for the irrigation projects on which farming depended

one of the largest city-states surrounded by a wall

Uruk

what led to the division of labor

When people began settling in villages or towns, they saw the need to build walls for protection and storehouses for goods. Storing surplus products encouraged trade. Trading encouraged more people to learn crafts

the middle kingdom

a golden age of stability, period of expansion, a new concern of the pharaohs for the people

what happened during the mesolithic age ("Middle Stone Age," about 10,000 b.c. to 7000 b.c.)

a gradual shift from the old food-gathering and hunting economy to a food-producing one. There was also a gradual taming of animals.

papyrus

a paper made from the papyrus reed that grew along the Nile

Indo-European

a particular group of people who spoke a language derived from a single parent tongue, languages include Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, and the Germanic languages (such as English and German)

mummification

a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting.

Where did the Phoenicians live?

along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea on a narrow band of land

how did the egyptians get an accurate 365-day calendar

basing their year on the movements of the moon and on the bright star Sirius

Nile River geography

begins in the heart of Africa - Before it empties into the Mediterranean, the Nile splits into two major branches. This split forms a triangular territory called a delta. The Nile Delta region is called Lower Egypt; the land upstream, to the south, is called Upper Egypt.

who were slaves

belonged to palace officials, who used them mostly in building projects

king solomon

built a temple in jerusalem - Israelites viewed as the symbolic center of their religion and of the Israelite kingdom itself - Under Solomon ancient Israel reached the height of its power.

most important characteristics of civilization

cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art

what was the first metal used to be making tools

copper

culture hearths

early centers of culture whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas

where were the minoans

eastern Mediterranean, island of Crete

The Code of Hammurabi

eye for an eye, The law code also included what we would call consumer-protection laws. Builders were held responsible for the buildings they constructed - especially strict with marriage and family and women

peasants

farmed the land of the estates, paid taxes in the form of crops to the pharaoh, nobles, and priests; lived in small villages; and were forced to provide military service and labor for building projects.

Akkadian Empire

first empire in world history, north of the Sumerian city-states, spoke a semitic language, leader was Sargon ("had no rival or equal, spread his splendor over all the lands, and crossed the sea in the east."

GRAPES

geography, religion, achievements, political system, economics, social structure

simple structure (pyramid)

god-king at the top, upper class of nobles and priests, Below the upper class were merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors, Most of the lower classes were peasants

what did the domestication of animals help humans do

have a reliable source of meat, milk, and wool. Animals could also be used to do work. Growing crops and taming food-producing animals caused an agricultural revolution. Because there was enough food, humans had more control over their lives

who were the first to use iron

hittites

what did the Hyksos use to overwhelm the egyptian soldiers

horse-drawn war chariots

why was writing so important

it allowed a society to keep records and to pass along knowledge from person to person and from generation to generation and to communicate ideas in new ways

why is the phoenician alphabet important

it was eventually passed on to the Greeks. From the Greek alphabet came the Roman alphabet that we still use today.

israelites religion

judaism

Hammurabi

king from Babylon, which was a city-state south of Akkad, came to power ("the sun of Babylon, . . . the king who caused the four quarters of the world to render obedience.") - very strict with laws

what king united upper and lower egypt

king menes

egyptian artists

made a huge variety of well-built, beautiful goods: wooden furniture; gold, silver, and copper tools and containers; paper and rope made of papyrus; and linen clothing.

what were the sumerians first to do

make bronze, geometry

what did mesopotamians use a lot to build

mud bricks

what does neolithic mean

new stone (greek word)

pastoral nomads

on occasion overran settled communities and then created empires, followed regular migratory routes to provide food for their animals, often passed on new technology

marriage

parents arranged, girls at 12, boys at 14, main goal was to have children - especially boys

who managed to defeat and expel the Hyksos from Egypt

pharaoh Ahmose I

what goods did phoenicians produce for foreign markets

purple dye, glass, and lumber from the cedar forests of Lebanon

Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten and did what

pursued the worship of Aten with great enthusiasm and set up a new capital called Akhetaten ("Horizon of Aten")

who were nobles

royal and priestly officials and their families

most important position in sumerian society

scribes

sumerians greatest invention

system of writing

what is guarding the great pyramid at Giza

the Great Sphinx - an important guardian of sacred sites (body of a lion and a human head)

what river played an important role in the egyptian civilization

the Nile River - Egyptians wrote of their reliance on the great river in "Hymn to the Nile," praising it as the "creator of all good" in its ability to bring them food and other riches.

how do scholars divide egyptian history

the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. These were periods of long-term stability marked by strong leadership, freedom from invasion, great building projects, and rich cultural activity.

what natural barriers provided egypt with protection from invasion and a sense of security

the deserts to the west and east; the Red Sea to the east; the cataracts, or rapids, on the southern part of the Nile; and the Mediterranean Sea to the north.

why did the middle kingdom come to an end

the invasion of Egypt by a group of people from western Asia known as the Hyksos

the old kingdom

the period from about 2700 to 2200 BC in Egyptian history that began shortly after Egypt was unified

Neolithic revolution

the revolution that occurred in the Neolithic Age, the period of human history from around 8000 b.c. to 4000 b.c.

what was the real change of the neolithic revolution

the shift from the hunting of animals and the gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis (systemic agriculture)

the iron age

the use of iron tools and weapons after about 1000 BC

where is mesopotamia

the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the land "between the rivers." - at the eastern end of the Fertile Crescent, an arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf

where did the israelites live

to the south of phoenicians

what did trade lead to

transfer of new technology, such as metals for tools and new farming techniques, from one region to another.

what tool did sumerians develop

wagon wheel, sundial, and the arch

who were commoners

worked for palace and temple estates and as farmers, merchants, fishers, and craftspeople

were egyptians polytheistic

yes - They had a number of gods associated with heavenly bodies and natural forces. Two groups, sun gods and land gods, came to have special significance in view of the importance of the sun and the fertile land along the Nile to Egypt's well-being. The Egyptian ruler took the title "Son of Re."