History of Antisemitism midterm

Pogrom of Alexandria 38 CE

1st Pogrom recorded in all of human history, Egyptians and Greeks killed Jews because of their identity.

Dr. Victor Borden

2nd generation Holocaust Survivor, born in Palestine, parents fled across Europe beginning in Poland ending in Palestine.

How many Jews died in the Holocaust?

6 million

Alfred Dreyfus

A Jewish officer in the French army, was accused of treason, later proven false.

The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism

A certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred to Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed towards Jewish or non-Jewish individuals

The Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 killed around 75 - 200 million people

The Anne Frank House, Netherlands

Annex that Anne Frank lived in, a hidden apartment in the attic

ADL

Anti-Defamation League

The Murder of William of Norwich in 1144 CE

Boy who was found murdered, Jews were scapegoated with the conspiracy theory of blood libel in reaction to the boys murder

"Final Solution" to the Jewish question

Euphanism from the nazis essentially saying that their plan was to murder Jews without outright saying it

Jews were blammed for 9/11

FBI arrested 5 men from Israel for recording footage of 9/11 as it happened and dancing

Golem of Prague

Fashioned out of mud and was brought to life through rituals and incantations, in order to defend the Prague ghetto from attacks. The golem grew violent and eventually turned on those who created it.

Shoah

Hebrew word for Holocaust, the burning

George Soros

Holocaust survivor, from Hungary, attacked by Hungarian government on baseless claims of conspiring against the government and trying to let Islamic immagrants take over Hungary.

Pittsburgh synagogue shooting of 2018

Homophobic and antisemitic gunman committed a mass shooting against the people of the Tree of Life synagogue

Rosh Hashanah

Jewish New Year

20,000-30,000 Jewish freedom fighters fought against the nazis across Europe

Jewish partisans

Bielsky Brothers

Jewish partisans who saved 100s of lives

The term globalist becomes antisemitic when describing

Jews as part of a nefarious international conspiracy

Pig-Kosher

Jews being forced to disobey Kosher laws in order to survive during the Holocaust.

The accusation of Blood Libel accuses

Jews of kidnapping Christian children for their blood, using blood as an ingredient for matzah, harvesting organs and drinking blood for Jewish "rituals"

Jews were painted as an impurity by the nazis

Jews were portrayed as a satanic entity

The Destruction of the Temple in Elephantine

Jews worked for the Egyptian army as mercenaries, temple in Elephantine destroyed by Egyptians and Romans who hated Jews for their monotheistic religion.

Mt. Sini

Moses recieved 10 commandments, stores commandments in the ark of the covenant

Refuseniks

Soviet Jews who had been denied their wish to emigrate to Israel

who wrote Antisemitism: Here and Now

Special Envoy Deborah Lipstadt

The Dominican Republic opened the door for Jews

The DR reason for this was trying to potentially recruit farmers.

"Blood and Soil"

The Nazi slogan/belief which held that ethnicity is based solely on blood descent and the territory one maintains.

Kristallnacht

The November Pogrom of 1938, November 9th and 10th of 1938 across Germany and Austria waves of antisemitic violence spread across these two nations, synagogues and stores were destroyed, referred as the night of broken glass as a euphonism, to mask the horrific reality of this violence

Talmud

The collection of Jewish rabbinic discussion pertaining to law, ethics, and tradition consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara.

Passover

The night the Lord passed over the houses of the Israelites marked by the blood of the lamb, and spared the firstborn sons from death. It also is the feast that celebrates the deliverance of the Chosen People from bondage in Egypt and the Exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land.

The Book of Exodus

The second book of the Bible which tells the story of the Israelites' departure from Egypt and their wandering through the desert before reaching Mount Sinai.

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

This book is widely considered to be the root of many modern-day antisemitic conspiracy theories

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS(1st Galician)

Ukrainian nazi collaborators who committed numerous war crimes over the course of WWII

Yad Vashem

University dedicated to the Holocaust, in Jerusalem.

Pogroms

Violent attacks against Jews

Conspiracy Theory

a belief thats not based upon solid evidence/ a theory that explains an event through a special set of evidence.

The Poisonous Mushroom

a book was used to spread antisemitc ideas to children, propaganda presented Jews as the ultimate form of evil

stereotype

a generalized belief about a group of people

Jews were blamed for the death of Jesus

a statement perpetuated by the Church since its inception, the statement was only redacted after the Holocaust.

in a study conducted by the ADL

across the world 1 in 4 adults hold antisemitic ideals

Allyship

active support for the rights of a minority or marginalized group without being a member of it

Partisans traveled and lived in the woods

along with fighting antisemitism within other partisans groups

Anti-Defamation League (ADL)

an organization founded in 1913 to halt the defamation, or attack on a person's or group's reputation or character, of the Jewish people and to ensure the fair treatment of all Americans, non-governmental organization

women partisans faced extreme misogyny

and were expected to pleasure the male partisans after battles, Jewish partisans protected their women from this

blood libel

antisemitic conspiracy theory that says Jews will kidnap and kill Christian children for satanic religious rituals.

"Zionist Occupied Government"

antisemitic conspiracy theory that states Israeli politicians actually control all Westernized governments. ZOG

Martin Blaser

author of the document Passover and Plague

The "murder" of Dominguito in Zaragoza in 1250 CE

boy who was supposedly murdered by Jews in spain in a blood libel ritual, completely unfounded rumor that still persists with monuments and parades today, never officially canonized as a saint in the catholic church

Fourth Lateran Council (1215)

called by Pope Innocent III; a summons to spiritual reform; the crusades begin afterwards, called to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims and Jews

Michael Berenbaum

callled for advice or projects as well as historical accuracy/ producer and director who made a film to commemarate Jewish partisans

Cantor Ralph Goren

cantor who spoke with the class, preaches at Beth El Synagogue in Margate, NJ

cantor

clergy of synagouge, leads the choir and in-charge of music, means my chanter

anti-semitsm

coined by Wilhelm Marr, incorrect spelling of antisemitism, no hyphen

Wilhelm Marr

coined the term antisemitism (incorrect spelling when hyphen is used)

Dual Loyalty

conspiracy theory or idea that Jewish people are unable to be loyal to the U.S. and Israel at the same time.

Tisha B'Av

day of mourning to commemorate tragedies affecting the people Israel

Cabal

derrogitory term, to describe Jews as being part of an exclusive or separate group

Shabot

dinner, Fridays

Dr. Michael Berenbaum

film producer, specializes in creating documentaries based on the experinces of Holocaust survivors

Deborah Lipstadt

first ambassador appointed by Biden early in his administration the US has imported an ambassador to combat antisemitism, she's in charge of reducing antisemitism in the United States.

In the middle ages Jews were blamed for the Bubonic Plague

for poisoning the wells, entire communities were burned down against the Pope's wishes

Diaspora

forced immigration of Jewish people from homeland

Mordecai Ledavedic

fought against Nazi liquidation in the Warsaw ghetto 3 months of fighting with over 2000 nazi soldiers eliminated

Jewish women would also fight in the partisans

from caring for the soldiers to actively engaging in combat

Racism in Billings Montana in 1990s

hate groups organized antisemitic and racist violence against the people, the town reorganized and fought back against them

elastic band of antisemitism

hate stretches far in both directions

choiceless choices

having the illusion of having a choice to survive there really wasn't a choice

The Dreyfuss Affair

high ranking Jewish officer, wrongly accused of treason; headline news in France, increased antisemitic rhetoric in France.

Many tropes in conspiracy theories against Jewish people repeat

ie: obsession with money, plotting to take over the world

Belsky Brothers saved 1200 jews

in Bellaruse

a common misconception about the Holocaust

is that Jewish people did not fight back

No hyphen in antisemitism

it is the incorrect spelling

Siesta

midday nap

American Jewish Committee (AJC)

one of the oldest Jewish community organizations, referred as the dean of American-Jewish organizations

Pogrom

organized massacre of Jewish people

Jewish soldiers only made up a small portion of partisan fighters

other soldiers would not only make antisemitic comments but actively try to hurt and kill Jewish partisans

Leo Schaffer

parents were partisans in Bilma, Poland for 2 years in the Bilma, Poland unit. Parents were Sarah and Sam Schaffer.

Abraham

partiarch of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Echart 8 Retaliations

people dedicated to teach others about the Holocaust

Four Winters

people who went through four winters had extreme endurance

Kosher

permissible, Jewish laws of preparing food

prejudice

prejudging someone based on stereotypes about their identity, preconceived judgement

antisemitism

prejudice or hatred against Jews, the longest hatred

Moses

prophet, freed Jewish people from Egypt, story takes place over the course of Exodus

Holocaust

refers to the murder of 6 million Jews from 1933 to 1945

Monotheism

religion focusing on a singular diety, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism

scapegoat

someone blamed for the wrongdoings of others

Vladka Meed

spied on nazis

Click

term introduced by Jane O Riley in the inaugural issue of Ms. Magazine in December 1971 - described recognizing misogyny in the workplace, how women were always ignored and undermined by their male coworkers.

Old Testament

the 5 Books of Moses, 24 books of the Hebrew Bible

Lateral reading

the act of verifying what you're reading as you're reading it

Usury

the illegal action or practice of lending money at unreasonably high rates of intrest, a common antisemitic stereotype is that Jews are always committing usury

deicide

the killing of Jesus, collectively charging Jewish people with the death of Jesus

Government chicanery

the prisim through which their view of the world is refracted

IBM worked with the nazis

to create a new computer that would list names and residence of Jewish people

The Jewish Foundation for the Rightous

to teach about those who rescued Jews during the Holocaust

Geography

woods and trees were essential in guerilla warfare and sabotaging nazis

Philosemitism

"appreciation of Jews" mostly backhanded

"Belling The Cat"

(From an old fable and Piers Plowman)—The fable tells of a mouse's suggestion to put a bell around the neck if a cat so they could tell when the cat was in the vicinity. However, the question of who was to have the courage to bell the cat was a difficult one because of the inherent danger. Now a person who bells the cat is the person who has courage to stick his neck out for his friends despite putting himself at risk.