HIV Chapter 85

In an untreated person, the average time for acquisition of HIV until a diagnosis of AIDS is made is about

10 Years

Primary Acute Infections occurs typically

2 to 4 weeks after initial exposure to the virus

HIV is an infectious human retrovirus that invades

A healthy normal White Blood Cell

Last stage of HIV

AIDS

Neurologic Complications that lead to development of confusion, forgetfulness, depression, anxiety, and difficulty walking

AIDS Dementia Complex also known as (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders(HAND) includes behavioral changes and diminished mental functioning

The most advanced and final stage of HIV, Not all persons with HIV will advance to this stage of the disease

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Affects the functions of the Immune System

Medications that are specifically designed to combat the retrovirus

Antiretroviral Therapy

Lymphocytes that originate in the bone marrow

B-Cells

Contaminated Body Fluids Include

Blood, Semen, Preseminal Fluid, Rectal Fluids, Vaginal Fluids, and Breast Milk

The Diagnosis of AIDS is Confirmed When

CD4 Count falls below 200 or client has developed unusual infections

The virus uses its own RNA to change the healthy cells DNA into

Cells that Replicate/ Biosynthesis of existing cells to duplicate and spread HIV within the body

The virus becomes less active, individual appears to be healthy, often for many years following the initial infection

Chronic Latent Infection

Two Types of HIV

HIV-1 (more virulent and more easily transmitted, majority of infections world wide), HIV-2 (slower and milder, becomes more infectious over time, West Africa)

Generally takes longer to progress to symptomatic HIV/AIDS

HIV-2

An Inflammation of the Renal Filters that affects the kidney's ability to remove fluids and waste products

HIV-associated Nephropathy (HIVAN)

HIV is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids which can be found

Inside the mouth, rectum, vagina, and the opening of the penis

A malignanat tumor of the walls of the blood vessels, is rarely seen in nonpositive HIV individual but it is very often associated with HIV-Positive Individuals

Kaposi Sarcoma

A loss of fat in face, arms, legs, and buttocks

Lipoatrophy

Excessive fat buildup on back of neck and shoulders, breast or abdominal area

Lipodistrophy

What part of the body the immune leads where most viruses are destroyed

Lymph Nodes

HIV reproduces and mutates rapidly which results in

Multiplicity of HIV genetic variations in a single person, Several variations can occur within one client at any particular time

AIDS does not appear to infect neurons (nerve cells) but AIDS complications can severely affect the

Nervous System

As a direct consequence of the HIV invasion, the individual in vulnerable to Life threatening infections, an ailing immune system develop

Opportunistic Infections

3 Main Stages of HIV

Primary Infection (Acute HIV) Chronic Latent Infection (Clinical latency or inactivity) AIDS

A Healthcare worker's primary protective measures against infections carried by bodily fluids

Standard Precautions

Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus

T-Cells

Are formed to fight infection and to produce antibodies for specific Immune Responses

T-Cells & B-Cells

Two Types of White Blood Cells

T-Cells & B-Cells

The main cells affected by HIV are the helper

T4 Lymphocytes (CD4 Cells)

Both HIV-1 & HIV-2 are transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids Via

The HIV- infected mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding

As HIV destroys CD4 cells

The Immune System is increasingly Depleted

The majority of HIV Cases involve

Unprotected Sex, Oral and Anal Sexual Contact

A loss of 10% of body weight, accompanied by Diarrhea, chronic weakness, and fever produced by aggressive treatment protocols

Wasting Syndrome

Lymphocytes are one of the 5 types of

White Blood Cells