HOA - Greek Architecture

Pyknostyle

1 ½ column diameters

square abacus/circular echinus

Columns were of cypress wood, tapering downward, cylindrical shaft, disc-like base and a widely-projecting capital with 2 main parts : a. _____________ (above) b. _____________ (below)

Temple of Olympian Zeus

corinthian ________ by Cossutius is renowned as the largest temple in Greece and housed one of the largest cult statues in the ancient world.

Dipteral

double line of columns surrounding the naos.

ovolo

egg & dart (or egg & tongue)

Alexander the Great

embarked on a national crusade against Persia.

Cyclopean Walls

methods of walling

corona

usually painted with the fret ornament (also called key pattern)

Altis, Olympia

was the center of all religious activities during the Olympics.

Delphi

was the major site for the worship of the god Apollo.

Cyma reversa (ogee)

water-leaf & tongue

Corintian Order

x Acanthus Plant x The acanthus leaf and scroll play an important role in Greek Ornamentation x The invention of the Corinthian capital was due to Callimachus who got the idea from observing a basket covered with a tile over the grave of a Corinthian maiden x most ornate of the classical orders x with acanthus leaves & scrolls x has slender fluted columns x has a base similar to the ionic x height is 9x-10x Ø of base

Mycenaean or Helladic Greece

x Defense architecture such as fortifications of Mycenae and Tiryns were necessary for protection. x Citadel palaces were built.

Hellenistic Greece

x Philip of Macedonia unified Greece and his son, Alexander the Great embarked on a national crusade against Persia. x The death of Alexander at 32, led to the division of the empire among his generals. x Greece became a Roman province.

Palace of King Minos at Knossos

x Rooms were functionally organized around a large central court. x The palaces had extensive basement storage areas, artists‟ workshops, dining halls, and sumptuous living quarters (including bathrooms) for the noble ruling families.

Citadel at Tiryns, Mycenaean

1400-1200 BC existinc wall

Systyle

2 column diameters

Eustyle

2 ¼ column diameters

Amphi-Antis

2-4 columns at the front and rear.

in-antis

2-4 columns at the front.

Diastyle

3 column diameters

Araeostyle

3 ½ column diameters

corbelled

Above the huge lintel, ________ stones form an arch, creating a triangle that is filled by the two lions carved in relief on either side of a sacred Minoan column. The heads of the lions, now lost, were made of separate pieces of metal or stone.

scared games and rituals

Aegean. Their religious ceremonies included

order

An _________ consists of an upright column, the base and the capital and the horizontal entablature.

Stouter

Angle columns were _______- and set closer to the adjacent columns

Stoas

Civic design developed and building groups were laid out on symmetrical lines linked by colonnaded porticoes or

Entasis

Columns have an _______ , a slight curvature on the column‟s profile.

Parthenon, Athens

Doric x a supreme example of Classical Greece x dedicated to Athena Parthenos x designed by Ictinus and Callicrates x master sculptor was Phidias x peripteral octastyle in plan

Temple of Zeus at Olympia

Doric x designed by Libon x the most important building in the Altis located at the very center x a peripteral hexastyle with 13 columns at the sides

Columnar and Trabeated

Greek architecture was essentially

Temenos

Greek cities were located upon the highest part for the __________ or sacred enclosure

Dionysus

Greek theatre has a religious attribute and originated from the festival of the worship of ________

rubble or cut stone

Houses and palaces were the principal building types, built of _________ without mortar.

Erectheion

IONIC x designed by Mnesicles x made of Pentelic and blue Eleusinian marble x has a „caryatid porch‟ of 6 draped x female figures

intercolumniation

In the Doric Order, the ____________ is sometimes referred to in terms of the number of triglyphs between columns

Crete

It was upon the island of _____ that arose the first great sea-power of the Mediterranean, which flourished a thousand years before the Greek civilization reached its peak

Larger

Letters were _______ on the upper lines than in the lower.

Tympana

On the ends of the temple roof is the ____________ (triangular-shaped pediment) filled with sculptures

Antefixae

Roof eaves were terminated with

center hole

Sectioned columns were carved with a _______ or depression so that they could be pegged together, using stone or metal pins

Rhea

The Aegeans practiced nature worship. The supreme deity was the fertility goddess

Stylobate

The ________ has an upward curvature at its center of 2-3/8" on the shorter sides and 4-5/16" on the longer sides.

Acroterion

The center ridge with an/a

Mount Pentelikon

The famous variety of marble is the Pentelic marble of Greece, found in the quarries of ________ in Attica.

Greek Gods

The gods were personifications of particular elements. Each deity has its own attribute.

Marble

The greatest importance to her architecture was her unrivalled _________ which facilitates exactness of line and refinement of detail.

mortise and tennon

The method of constructing the column was the

crepidoma

They stood upon a ___________ of 3 or more steps.

parabola, hyperbola & ellipse.

Though these mouldings were formed by hand, they approach very closely to various conic sections:

carpentry in marble

Timber forms were imitated in stone with remarkable exactness. For this reason, Greek architecture has been called

Arches

Trabeated architecture was still usual but ______-- began to appear over wall openings.

inwards / 2-3/8"

Vertical columns were inclined ______ towards the top of ______ to correct the appearance of falling outwards.

stucco/gypsum

Walls were coated with ____ & floors with _______

hypaethral

Windows were rare and some were _____ (partly open to the sky)

Atlantes

______ is a decorative column in the figure or half figure of a man

Aegean

_________ civilization has two cultures known as MINOAN which flourished in Crete under the legendary King Minos of Knossos, and the mainland civilization known as MYCENAEAN, after one of the great centers, Mycenae.

Canephora

__________ is a caryatid with a basket on her head; used either as a support or as a freestanding garden ornament.

Tholos

__________ type is more elaborate; a subterranean stone-vaulted construction shaped like a beehive.

maiden of Karyai

___________ , probably by Alcamenes has become the temple‟s signature feature. It is a sculpted female figure serving as a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

dromos

a passageway which is open to the sky called the _______

Mycenean

after one of the great centers, Mycenae. were the first great culture of AEGEAN civilization.

TREASURY OF ATREUS, MYCENAE

also known as the Tomb of Agamemnon

Monotriglyph

an interval of 1 triglyph

Ditriglyph

an interval of 2 triglyphs

Polytriglyph

an interval of more than 2 triglyphs

Cyma recta

anthemion (or honeysuckle)

Astragal (or bead)

bead & reel

Propylaea

by Mnesicles, forms the imposing entrance to the Acropolis.

Ionic Order

classical Greek architectural style that features a fluted column shaft, capitals with volutes (spiral scroll-like ornaments) and a large base x 4-fronted capital x originated from nautilus shell and ram‟s horn x has no frieze x has 24 flutes separated by fillets not by arrises x has an attic base x height is 9x Ø of base

naos

contains the statue of a god or goddess

Tholos, Epidaurus

corinthian x astronomical monument x built by Polykleitos x perystyle in plan with 14 internal corinthian columns x floor in black & white marble

Psuedo-peripteral

flank of columns attached to the naos wall.

Minoan

flourished in Crete under the legendary King Minos of Knossos

Pronaos

front portico

Prostyle

has a portico of columns at the front

Amphi-Prostyle

has a portico of columns at the front and rear

Delos

holds the position as a holy sanctuary and cult center in ancient Greece. ______ was a sacred place with splendid buildings and sanctuaries. It was included in the World's Cultural Heritage, protected by the UNESCO

Tholos Philippeion at Olympia

ionic ________ was begun by Philip of Macedonia & completed by Alexander. A tholos is a circular temple (this word is also used for a Mycenaean circular subterranean tomb).

Temple of Athena Nike, Apteros

ionic x dedicated to Athena Nike(Wingless Victory) x designed by Callicrates x smallest structure in the Acropolis x symbolizes Athen‟s military & political strength

Temple of Artemis, Ephesus

ionic x designed by Demetrius, Paeonius & Deinocrates x one of the most impressive of Greek temples x one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world x The Temple of Artemis is dipteral octastyle at the front and enneastyle at the rear

Temple of Apollo at Didyma

ionic x designed by Paeonius and Daphnis x roof was hypaethral x dipteral octastyle plan x no opisthodomos

Scotia cornice

is a deep hollow moulding

Fillet cornice

is a small plain face to separate other mouldings.

Rock-cut or chamber tomb

is cut within the slope of a hillside and approached by a passageway which is open to the sky called the dromos.

Acropolis of Athens

is the best known acropolis in the world

Greek Mythology

is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece.

Megaron

is the characteristic domestic unit.

Lion Gate

is the most famous feature of the Palace, Tiryns.

adyton

is the most sacred part of the temple

Pseudo-dipteral

like dipteral but the inner range of columns is omitted.

Polygonal Wall

methods of walling

Rectangular Blocks & Inclined Blocks

methods of walling

Epinaos/ Opisthodomos

rear portico

peripteral

single line of columns at the front and rear.

torus

the guilloche or plait, ornament, or with bundles of leaves tied by bands

Hecatompedon

the naos known as ___________ was named because it measures 100‟ long

Doric Order

the simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles, featuring unadorned columns with no base x masculine in quality x has no base x height 4-6 1/2x Ø the of base x has 20 flutes

Hellenic Greece

x The "city state" („polis‟) emerged as the basis of Greek society. x Great figures in philosophy and science such as Pythagoras (philosopher-scientist) and Socrates (philosopher) x Greek theatre has a religious attribute and originated from the festival of the worship of Dionysus

Statue of Athena

x one of the most marvelous works of Phidias x made of gold and ivory 12.8 m. high x eyes were of precious stones