Honors Chemistry Semester 1 Final

What is the R group in the amino acid serene

-COH

What functional group is found in Methanol?

-OH

What is equal to 1 micrometer?

0.000001 meter

Individual pressures of nitrogen and hydrogen in a mixture are 0.26 atm and 0.28 atm, if the total pressure is 0.90 atm what is the total partial pressure of the other gas?

0.36 atm

What is the value of all conversion factors used in dimensional analysis?

1

Average atomic mass of element B

10.81

Electron configuration of chlorine

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

Which of these data ranges is most precise? 2 degrees celsius, 4km, 20%, 40kg/L.

2 degrees celsius

What is the correct way to write 0.0000250 m in scientific notation?

2.50 x 10^-5 m

What is the volume of 0.200 moles of gas at 200 kPa and 400k. R=8.314

3.33L

how many electrons can the n=4 shell hold?

32

What is the value of n if the hydrocarbon is heptane? CH3(CH2)nCH3

5

Which example illustrates public scientific communication?

A federal government agency holds a press conference to describe the response to and dangers of a virus epidemic.

What is a step in the process of forming an ionic bond?

A metal atom loses electrons and becomes a positive ion.

Describe diagram of multiple amino acids connected

A protein has been made from the polymerization of amino acids

Which scientific claim can be made about song birds?

A study by Dr Birde showed that the number of song birds in her yard increased due to a modified food source.

Which is a component of John Dalton's atomic theory?

An atom is a small particle that cannot be broken down.

Who report four "element" classifications, but included some substances that were combinations of elements?

Antoine Lavoisier

How do aromatic hydrocarbons differ from alkenes?

Aromatic hydrocarbons are flat planar molecules, alkenes are not

How will science influence the way the government responds to prevent an increase in food borne diseases?

Because science has shown there are ways to find the source of contamination, the laws passed may require farm practices that reduce contamination

Which reason best explains why metals are malleable?

Because they have delocalized electrons

How are isotopes defined?

By their number of neutrons

What element has similar chemical properties to magnesium?

Ca

What is a characteristic of a typical carbon atom?

Carbon can form single double and triple bonds

Which element has the lowest ionization energy?

Cesium

In what way would a digital thermometer would be preferable to liquid base thermometers?

Digital thermometer readings can be more readily combined with computer software.

Which is most likely a causal relationship?

Experimenters show a link between adult-onset diabetes and obesity

What is a postulate of the kinetic molecular theory?

Gas particles have a small volume relative to the spaces between them.

Which chemical species can form an ionic bond with an anion?

Hg2^2+

If a substance conducts an electric current in its liquid state, what would the conductivity of the substance in solid form tell about the type of bond?

If the solid is conductive, the bonds are metallic.

A gas has a temperature of 273.15 K and pressure of 101.325 kPa, what can be concluded about the gas?

It has reached standard temperature and pressure.

What can most likely be predicted about sulfur based off the periodic table?

It has six valence electrons available for bonding

What does the alkane 1-ethyl 3 methyl cyclohexane look like?

It is a cyclohexane with CH3 attached to the first carbon and a C-CH3 attached to the third carbon

What property would xenon have?

It is stable

The volume of a gas decreases to half of its original volume, but the gas maintains the same number of moles and temperature. What will most likely happen to the pressure?

It will double

Ionization energies from highest to lowest

Li> Na > K > Rb

How are monosaccharides different than disaccharides?

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates.. Disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides.

What compound most likely contains polar covalent bonds?

NF3

What is a geometric isomer of this compound(unsaturated fatty acid)? O. H. H. H. H. H. H. ||. |. |. |. |. |. | C- C- C-C=C-C- C-H |. |. | |. |. OH H. H. H. H

O. H. H. H. H. H ||. |. |. |. |. | C- C - C - C = C- C- C-H |. |. |. |. |. | OH H. H. H. H. H

which is an aspect of kinetic molecular theory and can be used to explain the compressibility of plasmas?

Particles move independently of one another and are widely spaced.

Which is most likely an unsaturated fat? Sample Melting point A 15.0C B 40.0 C C 65.0 C

Sample A

What did J.J. Thomson observe when he applied electric voltage to a cathode ray tube in his famous experiment?

The glass opposite of the negative electrode started to glow.

What best compares the melting point of butane and octane?

The melting point is higher for the substance that has stronger intermolecular forces

Compare the modern quantum model and Daltons model of the atom

The modern model recognizes particles in the atom where Daltons does not.

If the molecules of two different substances have a similar size but the molecules of one substance are polar while the molecules of the other substance are nonpolar, what is most likely true about the substances?

The non polar substance has a lower boiling point than the polar substance

In what way do investigations build scientific knowledge?

The results of investigations lead to new questions, which lead to new investigations.

A series of experiments, which are repeated over and over again, seem to suggest that a scientific theory is incorrect.

The theory must be revised

Geckos and water striders rely on forces between molecules. Which statement best identifies the forces involved?

The type of force that water striders use is stronger than the type of force that geckos use.

Why do amphorous solids not have long range order in the arrangement of their particles?

Their formation involves very rapid cooling

What is a property of covalent compounds?

They have a low boiling point.

What is a characteristic of branched chain alkanes?

They have more than two carbons that are bonded to only one other carbon.

what do aromatic hydrocarbons look like?

They have ring structures with alternating single and double bonds with only carbon and hydrogen

What is the main purpose of controlled variables in an experiment?

They help ensure that changes in the independent variable are affecting the dependent variable.

Two scientist write a paper after several months the publisher sends it back with comments from several fellow scientists, which step will the authors take next?

They will incorporate the suggestions from their peers and resubmit the paper.

Which statement best describes the electron sea model for metallic bonding?

This model is the simplest model.

What is avagadrows law combine with boyles law?

V o< n/p

electron configuration of zinc

[Ar] 4s2 3d10

What is a trans isomer of this hydrocarbon? _ \. / =

_ / = /

What is a three-dimensional structure that represents the alternating patterns in a crystal?

a crystal lattice

What characterizes a crystal?

a dense substance that is hard and incompressible

A piece of sodium metal can be described as

a pure substance and an element

Which commercial technology commonly uses plasmas?

a television

At what temperature is the substance a heated gas?

above 100°C

What practice causes the most safety concern?

accumulating clutter

If you compare the accepted value to the value you measured, what are you checking for?

accuracy

What organic compound is least likely to be used as a solvent?

aldehyde?

? ? R-X. R-NH2 x=F,Cl,Br or I. weak base organic biochemical process solvent. foul smelling What would fill in the question marks?

alkyl halide (left) amine (right)

When a substance goes from a liquid to a gas the molecules

are speeding up during boiling

why is burning of magnesium a chemical change?

because a new substance is formed

What is the best tool to find a volume with two decimal places?

buret

How are large polymers formed?

by repetitive combinations of simple subunits

extensive property of matter

changes with the amount of sample that's present

Which tools would be best to use when measuring a change every 0.1 seconds and the graph the data?

computer and concentration probe

Which trait would most likely lead a scientist to investigate a blood thinning agent in the saliva of vampire bats?

curiosity

Which will most likely lead to a new scientific discoveries in future years?

current scientific knowledge

Important pieces of information scientists gather and record during an experiment

data

What are the components of DNA?

deoxyribose sugar, cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, and a phosphate group

What information from the MSDS would be most beneficial to know at the end of the experiment?

disposal procedure

An electron moves from level 3 to 1 another from 2 to 1

first atom emits light with more energy

If the results of a repeated experiment are different from the original results, the results of the experiment are

flawed

Saturated hydrocarbons are major components of

gasoline

After a hunt a wolf eats more than it needs at that time. The extra glucose combines to form which substance?

glycogen

Water molecules are attracted to each other through

hydrogen bonds

potential benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture

increased size of fruits or vegetables

Trends in electronegativity in the periodic table

increases up and to the right

Describe variables in a controlled experiment

independent variable is changed to see its effect on the dependent variable while all other conditions are unchanged

Example of genetic engineering

introducing a strain of bacteria in tomatoes that makes them insect resistant

Which statement best describes the light that will cause emissions of electrons from a given metal through the photoelectric affect?

light with any intensity above a certain frequency

If all the bonding electrons in a molecule are bonded in two hybrid sp orbitals, which shape does it most likely have?

linear

_____ has an ion that is smaller than an ion of calcium

magnesium

To prevent mod cow disease, scientists would most likely recommend that

meat handlers keep brain tissue from coming in contact with other meat

which units of pressure are equivalent and require no conversion?

mmHg and torr

What quantity is held constant when working with boyles, charles and gay lussacs law?

moles

Which property is the best to use for identification of an element?

number of protons in the atomic nucleus

Where would waxes be most common on desert plants?

on the outside of the plants leaves

Which model shows how many electrons in an atom are not paired up?

orbital notation

What does Rutherford's model of the atom look like?

positive particles clustered in the center with negative particle surrounding it

The ideal constant R has several different values that could be used. Which quantity causes these differences?

pressure

If two scientist clip samples from two different areas of a plant, what type of error is that?

procedural error

Only theories and hypothesis

provide explanations

chemical property of water

reacts with sodium metal

What sequence represents the relationship between pressure and volume of an ideal gas as explained by the kinetic molecular theory?

smaller volume -> crowded particles-> more collisions -> higher pressure

Examples of physical change

solid ice when heated turning to water

Which physical method could separate a mixture of steel ball bearings and marbles?

sorting

Which term describes this reaction? CH3Br(aq)+OH-(aq) -> CH3OH(aq) + Br-(aq)

substitution

If steel cracks instead of bends, which element is there higher levels of?

sulfur

What do Lewis structures show?

the number of the electrons that are involved in the bonding of the molecule

Which was most affected by the discovery of the quark?

the view that the atom could not be broken down farther than protons

according to the kinetic molecular theory, what happens to a liquid when it moves from one container to another?

the volume stays the same but the shape changes to fit the new container

Limitation of the kinetic molecular theory

theory assumes that particles do not experience any intermolecular forces

What is the molecular shape of BF3?

trigonal planar

How many significant figures should the answer to this calculation have? (3.0)(2.0)

two