HONORS ENGLISH 10 MIDETERM:)
How to properly cite novels, dramas, and poems within your writing:
"quote". (citations(author page # or act.scene.lines))
Act one (the crucible)
- Reverend Parris's house 1692. - Tituba (the slave) finds Parris worrying about his sick daughter (Betty) - The doctor found no cure for her sickness — Abigail and Parris discuss witchcraft saying that what they were doing was just fun (dancing to Titubas singing) - Putnam's enter their daughter Ruth is also sick too - When the adults leave the girls make a plan to not being caught (Abigail is the leader) - Proctor comes— Abigail trees to flirt with him - Everyone comes back and Tituba, Abigail ect. start blaming other people to save themselves
Act four (the crucible)
- Salem Jail cell — Rebecca/John wont confess - Reverend Hale wants them to confess to save their lives - Abigail has fled - Danforth(guard)/ Halthorne (judge) want Proctor to confess so they talk to Elizabeth - Elizabeth wont confess and she tells Proctor he needs to forgive himself - Proctor crumples the confession, his moment of redemption because he doesn't want them to hang it so the town can see - ^ is hanged for Witch craft
What is the significance of setting in the story? How does setting/location impact characters' actions, attitudes, etc.?
- Satis house is in ruins just like Miss Havisham and like a prison where Pip is imprisoned by Estella's love/ - Marshes= danger (symbolic when pip goes through them on his way to London)
Parts of a conclusion:
Essay should end with a sense that your position has been proven. Restate your thesis, wrap up major ideas, and explain the implications of your argument in terms of the claim. *rephrases the thesis and includes a compelling discussion of the implications*
Which characters have the most significant impact on Pip? How/why do they influence him?
Estella— Pip does anything/everything for her Joe— he raised Pip and taught him morals/values/beliefs Miss Havisham— controls Pip, controls how he thinks (being in love with Estella) Magwitch— his benefactor (CHANGES HIS LIFE)
Pun--
A joke making use of a word with 2 different meaning/words tat sound the same EX: "soles" vs souls-- (1.1.10-15)
Irony (verbal, situational, dramatic)--
*Irony*-- Contrast of discrepancy between expectations and reality *Verbal irony*-- when a person says/ writes something but means another thing EX: When Antony calls Brutus honorable in Caesar's will and when he said that he is here to praise Caesar *Situational Irony*-- expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead. EX: when Caesar calls himself the Northern star meaning that he is immortal and then gets killed 2 seconds later *Dramatic irony*-- when the audience knows something a character doesn't EX: Ides of March
Simile/Metaphor--
*Simile*-- comparing two things using the word like or as EX: he skies are painted with unnumbered sparks, / They are all fire, and every one doth shine; / But there's but one in all doth hold his place. / So in the world: 'tis furnished well with men. / And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive, / yet in the number I do not know but one / That unassailable holds on his rank, / Unshaked of motion; and that I am he. (III, i, 63-70). Analysis: The reader gains a glimpse of the arrogant Caesar, who compares himself to the Northern star, that the conspirators fear. *Metaphor*-- comparing two things without using the words like or as EX: "Let me have men about me that are fat, / Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' nights. / Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look; / He thinks too much, such men are dangerous. (I, II, 192-195). Analysis: Caesar compares Cassius to a wolf with a lean and hungry look, and one to be feared.
The power of rhetoric, verbal irony, and hyperbole to persuade
*THE WILLS!!!* Antony repeats multiple times that Brutus is honorable but as he gives more facts it starts to show that Brutus isn't really honorable. Brutus convinces the people by using fear to persuade the Romans that Caesar was ambitious. Antony used rhetorical language and suggestive questions to win over the commoners. *both used pathos, ethos, and logos (mostly Antony) in their speeches.
Question 3: Who accused whom and WHY?
- Abigail accused Tituba: her Barbados spiritual songs and and dances - Tituba accused Goody Osburn and Sarah Good: to save herself^ - Thomas accused people: he was greedy and wanted more land (Giles Corey) - Giles Corey accused his wife Martha Corey: reading strange books other than the bible - Ann Putnam accused Rebecca Nurse: thinks it is Rebecca's fault for her 7 children dying at birth - Marry Warren accuses John Proctor: to save herself (Mary accuses Proctor and by doing this she regained - Abigail's trust) - Elizabeth was accused by Abigail
Volume 3 (great expectations)
- Benefactor is Abel Magwitch/uncle Provis- the Convict- His benefactor is not Miss Havisham - In england-- against orders and Pip decides to help the convict escapes - Estella tells miss Havisham she cannot love - Pip asks Miss Havisham to fund Herbet - Miss Havisham is killed in a fire - Pip makes a plan, and its ready to go but is almost killed by Orlick- who knows about Magwitch - They are ratted out by Compeyson-- his nemesis and thrown into jail (who is also Miss Havishams ex fiancé) - Pip tells Magwitch: Estalla is his daughter - Estella's mom-- Jaggers servent Molly - Pip is helped by Joe-- and then Joe leaves - Pip goes back home to ask for forgiveness and finds Joe/Biddy his childhood friend married. - Joe also paid Pip's debts - 11 years later: Pip runs into Estella whose husband was abusive/ and then married a doctor
Volume 2 (great expectations)
- London is not "all that", and he meets Mr. Jaggers/Mr. Wemmick at their workspace - Jaggers holds Pip's money - Pip rooms with Herbert Pocket - Pip lends him money so he can live out his dream-- goes into crazy debt - goes to the pocket's house-- and meets the pocket family who are very eccentric - Pip still loves Estella, who is traveling the work-- and keeps getting rejected, Estalla plans to marry Bently Drummle-- Pip is ashamed of Joe - Pip goes with Wemmick, and meets his friends-- the aged (his dad), Miss Skiffins - He is very different at home than at work - Pip study with Startop and Bently - We find out Miss Havisham got left at the alter and this is why Estella is coldhearted - Joe comes and visits Pip and feels really out of place - Mrs. Joe dies - this continues, and pip, on his 23rd birthday finally meets his benefactor (the convict!!)
Act two (the crucible)
- Mary Warren= caught up in the drama, they know Abigail is behind accusations - Mary comes home the courts and talks about what happened - Gives Elizabeth a poppet - Elizabeth knew her name would come out in trial so she asked John to set things straight with Abigail - Reverend Hale arrives, accuses Elizabeth, and finds the poppet and Abigail Williams like the doll had a needle stuck in her, and they arrested Elizabeth - John Proctor cant say commandments
Act three (the crucible)
- Proctor, Francis Nurse, and Giles Corey bring a petition of 91 people to court to save their lives - John Proctor brings Mary Warren to court to say she lied— everyone turns on her - Proctor tries to tell the truth— everyone thinks he's lying - Elizabeth doesn't say anything about affair when she is asked so they think John is guilty - Yellow bird— Abigail sees it and blames Mary Warren to save herself. - Mary Warren then blames John Proctor - Proctor is then arrested
Question 1: Which characters change, and which characters stay the same thought the play? How does character development (or lack thereof) affect the plot?
- Reverend Hale changed because he first agrees with everyone, but when Proctor was accused he disagreed with what society thinks about witchcraft. - Abigail didn't change and continuously made accusations so she wasn't blamed herself.
Volume 1 (great expectations)
-Introduced to Pip in a grave yard, meets with a convict and agrees to help him/steal food for him - Mrs Joe = Pips mom-- strict and beats him but Joe is Pip's buddy - Mr. Wopsle takes Pip into the city-- where he goes to Miss Havishams house, and meets Estella - Pip plays with Estella, and is paid later/becomes Joe's apprentice - Pip doesn't want to be Joes apprentice/he wants to become a gentleman/marry Estella - Mrs. Joe gets attacked (by Orlick)-- Biddy takes care of her - When Pip is working w/ Joe, Mr. Jaggers a lawyer announces Pip has a fortune and is going to learn to become a gentleman - He leaves home and heads for London
Conflict--
Any struggle between opposing forces EX: during the war antonyms army and brutus's army, the conspirators vs. caesar
Question 5: Explain how the Salem court and the Puritan theocracy might represent repression of individual freedom in the play
Because everyone has the same beliefs, people cannot be an individual. If one were to stray, the would be accused.
Compare/contrast Jaggers and Wemmick.
COMPARE: They both are hardworking and care about business. They both try to forget about work— Jaggers by washing his hands constantly: Wemmick being a different person at home. Both really care about Pip. CONTRAST: Wemmick is softer than Jaggers (friend) , and Jaggers is very serious most of the time (mentor). Wemmick changes his personality completely, separating work from home while Jaggers doesn't.
Compare/contrast Miss Havisham and Magwitch as mother/father figures in the story
CONTRAST: Magwitch shows his love for Pip by giving him gifts and constantly telling him that he cares for Pip. While Miss Havisham plays with Pip's emotions and showing that readers her tough love. Magwitch is more focused on Pip while Miss Havisham dotes on Estella training her to boy's hearts (Pip's heart)-- does what she thinks is good for her not really thinking of whats good for Estella COMPARE: They both are huge factors in Pip/Estellas life making the choices for them, raising them, Magwitch giving Pip money etc. This leads for Estella/Pip to live lives lacking volition.
Theme1: Power Corrupts
Cassius wants power, and this power is corruption. To gain power, they would have to (and did) kill Caesar. The presence of power also made Antony/Octavius/Lepidus want to kill senators for the promised money from Caesar's will.
Topic sentence:
Connect back to claim and state what that paragraph is going to be about/ and how that supports your thesis.
Describe how Great Expectations was Published and what impact this had on Dickens' writing style/authorial choices:
Great Expectations was published in a newspaper and Dickens was paid by the word, meaning, the more words he had per issue, the more money made. So Dickens used very descriptive words and long descriptions to earn more money, which subsequently turned into the "Dickensian writing style" we know today
Theme 3: Power and challenges of individual freedom
In a town with strict beliefs it is hard for one to be an individual. If one stands out, then one will be punished. Also, this individuality is a sense of power, which makes people affairs and causes them to accuse others. For example, because Mary Warren was going to stand out, Abigail was afraid and she accused her.
Theme 1: Wealth alone cannot bring happiness
In the beginning Pip was unhappy with his life. However, he longed for wealth to marry Estella. When he achieved his wealth, he turned cruel and in the end, he realized that his family made him happy
Theme 3: The Protagonist as a figure lacking volition-- life being determines by outside forces out of your control
In the beginning Pip's life was in the hands of Miss Havisham. She used his love for Estella to control and manipulate Pip. Mr Jaggers told Pip that he would come into a fortune when he went to London, which really wasn't his choice. Magwitch was Pips benefactor controlling his life in London. Pip didn't necessarily want the all the problems that came with the wealth (EX: Pip feeling obligated to help Magwitch escape).
Explain the significance of Joe's reference to Pip as a "friend"
In the beginning, Joe was Pip's friend because Mrs. Joe was very harsh on Pip. Pip would go to Joe for advice on anything and trusts him. They can both relate well to each other because of the similar circumstances they are in (beatings)
Theme 2: The naive or gullible can be used to obtain power
In this sense, Brutus was the one that was gullible. By conspirators placing the letters (specifically Casca) from "anonymous" citizens, Brutus wanted to join because his tragic flaw is honor. With Lepidus, the the triumvirate took advantage to gain power by using Lepidus as a errand boy.
Parts of an introduction:
Introduce the main topical focus on which your analysis will focus. Introduce the drama by title and author, providing brief introduction (related to your topic). State the claim you are making (thesis) * fully and concisely explaining the topical focus for essay (hook); introducing drama by without, title, and 2 sentence (max.) related summary of drama; and thesis^*
Question 4: Explain how John Proctor might represent individual freedom in the play
John Proctor doesn't always follow the Puritan beliefs which makes him an individual. People are scared of this which eventually leads him to become accused. (he doesn't know all his commandments (adultery— ironic) he plows his field on Sunday, didn't baptism his third son, doesn't go to church every Sunday)
Theme 2: People can be defined by their beliefs
People *can* be defined by their beliefs when one belief is supreme. In the town of Salem, everyone believes the same thing which makes it hard to go against the society and it makes it hard for people to believe in different things/things at all. People *aren't* defined by their believes because everyone is entitles to their own opinion. (John Proctor)
Theme 1: The benefit and challenges of isolation based on similar convictions
People who strayed from the Puritan belief were isolated from their society. This isolation made people scared, so they accused people who were different/not following the rules. For example, Martha Corey was not reading the bible which made her be isolated and eventually hung.
Salem Witch Trials--
Series of hearing and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft-- answer to the unknown fear
Theme 4: The many motivations of accusations
So people themselves weren't accused, they blamed others. Throughout the play, Abigail stays the same. She is afraid so she accuses everyone else to save herself. The reverends accuse people based on their religious beliefs, and what they think is right/wrong.
Theme 3: The power of dreams, strange events, and superstitions
The Ides of March and all the bad dreams and bad omens lead up to Caesars death as he ignored every sign. Stoism— Protia stabbed herself to prove that she that she could was strong. Cassius usually doesn't believe in bad omens but leading up to the war, more bad omens that meant Cassius believed in that signified danger.
Question 2: Explain how and why The Crucible is an allegory for McCarthyism. Make specific connections!
They both accused people for illogical reasons: no evidence. In the crucible people were hung for witchcraft while with McCarthyism people were sent to jail for being apart of the Soviet Union.
Theme 4: The misinterpretation/ misreading of signs and symbols
When Calpurnia had a dream with Caesar getting stabbed foreshadowing Caesars death, Decius intrepid it as a sign of power. Caesar never listened to the soothsayer/others when they warned him about the ides of march which eventually led him to be killed on that very day. With Caesars ghost, Brutus tried to stand up to him when in reality it was a sign of bad things to come during the war.
Describe the significance of the ending of the story
When Pip went back to England, he realized the wealthy life wasn't for him. All throughout the book, Pip thinks that riches will make him happy, but when he goes back he realizes family is what made him happy which caused him to ask for Joe's forgiveness.
Foreshadowing--
a warning or indication of (a future event). EX: IDES OD MARCH
Puritanism--
abided by he Bible-- the *strictness*/direct intense is they didn't follow the beliefs they were punished
Arthur Miller--
believed to be one of the spies and was prosecuted by the US even though he was an American. Wrote the Crucible-- compares the Salem Witch Trials to McCarthyism
Bildungsroman
coming of age story that focuses on change/growth of the protagonist (in this case-- pip)-- and character change is really important.
Prose--
everyday speech (no meter)-- usually talked in by the lower class (cask, cobbler)
Hyperbole--
exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. EX: When Antony calls Brutus honorable in Caesar's will and when he said that he is here to praise Caesar
Dickensian style of writing--
very details, and lot of repetitions/ adjectives, metaphors, etc. using sentimentality and exaggeration
Theme 2: Failed Expectations lead to disappointment
Pip Expected wealth and the city life to be all that, but he soon realizes that family and his childhood made him happy which lead him to disappointment. Pip expected Miss Havisham to be his benefactor and when he found out it was Magwitch, he was really disappointed and thought that everything he did in England and for Estella was for nothing.
Theme 4: The warm simplicity of life in the country vs. the cruel, dirty, machine-like existence of life in the city
Pip's expectations were not met when he went from his small town to London. London was big and dirty which was new for Pip. The city is a metaphor for Pip because while in the city Pip lost himself and became cruel. In his childhood/ end of the book Pip is like the small town kind/simple. When Joe goes and visits Pip in London, he feels very out of place because unlike the city, Joe is kind.
Foil--
a character that shows qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character with the objective to highlight the traits of the other character EX: Cassius to Brutus. They both conspire to kill Caesar but... Cassius-- plays games and does it b/c of caesar's "ambition" Brutus-- Loyalty/honor to Rome
Soliloque--
an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play. EX: CASSIUS'S PLAN TO GET BRUTUS IN THE CONSPIRATOR CLUB
Allusion--
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. EX:" why, man he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus" (Cassius, Act 1, Scene 2) This is an allusion to the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
Three pronged method for saying quotes (what comes before the quote, after the quote, and how the quote should be included in your writing):
context, quote included with ____ before, then analysis
McCarthyism--
fear of communist spies in government (red scare)
Aside--
in a play, words spoken by a character directly to the audience or to another character but not overheard by others on stage.
Thesis statement:
one-part thesis that makes the title and author and presents a clear, arguable, and insightful thesis.
Blank verse--
poem with no rhyme but does have iambic pentameter (stressed and unstressed syllables) CAESAR, CASSIUS, BRUTUS SPEAK IN BLANK VERSE BECUASE THEY ARE IMPORTANT CHARACTERS
