HRM 360 Midterm Study Questions

Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the highest degree of association between two variables? A) .25 B) 0 C) .79 D) -.81 E) -.13

-.81

Mandy's new co-worker, Pete, smiles every time she walks by his desk. Now Mandy walks by his desk 20 times a day. This is the best example of A) Vicarious learning B) Intermittent reinforcement C) Classical conditioning D) Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning #Employs rewards based on a wanted behavior #Classical is an involuntary response and a stimulus

According to McGrath's Research Strategy Circumplex, which of the following strategies would allow a researcher to have the most control and precision in the measurement of behavior? A) Field study B) Field experiment C) Sample survey D) Experimental simulation E) A and B

Experimental simulation

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of some employees can be a useful tool for managers, since often the frequency of the behavior will decrease and even stop... A) Negative reinforcement B) Extinction C) Positive discipline D) Shaping

Extinction

Paco wants a job with a stable income. He's most concerned about being able to support his family and spend time with them. Paco can be best described as being motivated by... A) Intrinsic work values B) Low affect intensity C) High positive affectivity D) Extrinsic work values #Extrinsic means he cares more about things OUTSIDE of work

Extrinsic work values

Escape learning and avoidance learning are types of punishment. This state is... A) True B) False

False #Escape learning and avoidance learning are types of negative reinforcement. "Unpleasant things that strengthen a response if they are removed after the response occurs.

Bort is a manager in a small company that produces fake vomit. He wants his employees to produce a high number of fake vomit pieces. Which type of reinforcement schedule should he use? A) Fixed-interval B) Fixed-ratio C) Variable-interval D) Ratio-ratio #THIS IS FAKE E) Ratio-interval

Fixed-ratio #Fixed ratio because he wants results quickly based on volume. Not time based.

Bob spends time scanning the industry for information that may influence his company. Bob can be best described as performing the _____ role. A) Disseminator B) Free Rider C) Spokesperson D) Monitor E) None of the above

Monitor

As an advertising gimmick, Bobo's Bank tried to train a pig to drop a coin into a piggy bank. Each time the pig made a desirable response, it was reinforced with some food. This is an example of A) Classical conditioning B) Operant conditioning C) Vicarious learning D) Omission

Operant conditioning #This is by B.F. Skinner which is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for BEHAVIOR

According to your text, the three components of perception are... A) Schemas, motivational states, and moods B) Perceiver, target, and situation C) Ambiguity, salience, and attribution D) Primacy, halo, and contrast E) None of the above

Perceiver, target, and situation

Rica wants to understand why her employees are stealing from the company. If she decides to look at the behavioral (covert) aspects of her company she would be looking at A) Company structure B) Personality C) Financial resources D) Information technology E) None of the above

Personality #Personality ties in with behavior, not the other options listed

Marco has to decide how to divide resources among the divisions in his company. Marco can be best described as performing the _______ function. A) Leading B) Planning C) Organizing D) Controlling E) None of the above

Planning Function

Paul ridicules his employees when they come into work with dirty uniforms. Paul can be best described as using... A) Negative reinforcement B) Positive reinforcement C) Classical conditioning D) Punishment E) None of the above

Punishment

Yuberta decides to purchase new software so that her sales force can be more efficient. Yuberta can be best described as performing the _____ role. A) Disseminator #Communicate useful info to your colleagues B) Negotiator #Direct negotiations with team C) Liaison #Networking on behalf of organization D) Resource allocator E) Spokesperson #Speaking as management, transmitting info about organization to people outside of it

Resource allocator #Application based role, deciding where to put your resources in.

Which of the following individuals would be the most successful at networking in a party? A) Rudy - High self-monitor B) Sabrina - Low self-esteem C) Dirty Harry - Low self-monitor D) Gigli - Stinky #Self monitors are good at networking

Rudy - Who is a high self-monitor

According to McGrath's Research Strategy Circumplex, which of the following would best allow a researcher to generalize his/her results?

Sample Survey

Juby wants to use a reinforcement schedule that has the slowest possible extinction level. Therefore, Juby should use a ________ schedule. A) Fixed-interval B) Variable-ratio C) Fixed-ratio D) Variable-charting E) Fixed-variable

Variable-ratio #Variable-ratio has the lowest level of extinction. Fixed has the highest rate of extinction.

Paco wants to use a reinforcement schedule that has the slowest possible extinction. Paco should use a ___ schedule A) Variable- ratio B) Fixed-interval C) Fixed- ratio D) Variable-variable E) Continuous

Variable-ratio #Variables have the slowest extinction of all

On his first day in the job, Homer's boss has him follow and observe one of the more experienced employees as she goes door-to-door selling sugar. According to Social Learning Theory, this best describes... A) Self-efficacy B) Vicarious learning C) Self-control D) Extinction E) Negative reinforcement

Vicarious learning #Learning through observation of others

A measure can be reliable, but not valid. This statement is... A) True B) False

True

Individuals are salient(most noticeable or important) of they are novel, figural, or inconsistent with others' expectations. This statement is.. A) True B) False

True

Which of the following was identified as part of the interactionist perspective? A) Personality B) ASA C) The situation D) A and C E) None of the above

A and C, personality and the situation #Interactionist perspective is how you are perceived by other people

Bort gets along well with his other coworkers because they all seem to have similar personalites and views about work. This can be best explained by... A) Self-esteem B) Need for achievement C) ASA D) Low self-monitoring

ASA (attraction, selection, attrition)

Diti feels angry at her co-worker, Jon. She thinks she will report Jon's behavior to her supervisor. Which components of Diti's attitudes toward Jon are represented in this story? A) Affective and behavioral B) Cognitive and affective C) Cognitive and behavioral D) Only cognitive E) Only affective

Affective AND behavioral #Affective because she will report him, behavioral because of the way she feels

Rather than just being loyal to the company, Rica makes an active contribution to help the company achieve its goals. Rica can be said to have high ________ commitment. A) Affective B) Dogmatic C) Continuance D) Extrinsic

Affective commitment #Active = Affecting

Wendy does not get along with her co-worker, Jon, because he is independent, cold, and rude. According to the Big Five Theory, Wendy's coworker can be best described as being low on... A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Emotional stability (neuroticism) D) Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

During meets, Bort tries to be talkative and outgoing because his supervisor is talkative and outgoing. Bort can be best described as using the ______ impression management tactic A) Flattering others B) Being consistent C) Behavioral matching D) Self-promotion E) None of the above

Behavioral matching

Each time before Monica received a spanking, her mother would yell to her, "Do you want fries with that?" Now, Monica gets upset when an employee at a fast food restaurant asks her the same question. This situation best describes... A) Operant conditioning B) Classical conditioning C) Shaping D) Extinction E) None of the above

Classical conditioning #Type of response that happens unconsciously

Which of the following are the three core components of attitudes? A) Normative, behavioral, cognitive B) Cognitive, affective, behavioral C) Intentions, behaviors, introversion D) Cognitive, emotional, behavioral E) None of the above #Note the ABC's of attitudes. Affective, behavioral, and cognitive

Cognitive, affective, behavioral

Rica is a very conscientious supervisor. The majority of research suggests this personality characteristic is due to... A) Nature B) ASA C) Nurture D) A & C E) Monkey Phonics

D) Nature and Nurture

Punishment... A) Decreases the probability of behavior B) Increases the probability of behavior C) Has no effect on behavior D) None of the above

Decreases the probability of behavior

A researcher attempts to improve productivity at Quintronics by broadcasting different types of music over the loud speakers during work hours. She broadcasts rap music in one location, heavy metal in another, and no music in the third. She then measures the number of widgets produced in each location. In this study, the number of widgets produced is the _____ variable and the music is the ______ variable.

Dependent; independent

Although Maria feels mad at her boss, she acts happy and pleasant to her boss. This situation best describes... A) Whistleblowing B) A code of ethics violation C) Emotional dissonance D) Evaluance E) None of the above

Emotional dissonance

Which of the following is least stable? A) Moods B) Values C) Attitudes D) Emotions E) All of the above

Emotions

You work hard to complete certain tasks at your job so that you have to spend less time around Wendy's rank odor. This situation best describes A) Vicarious learning B) Partial reinforcement C) Escape learning D) Shaping E) Avoidance learning

Escape learning

In the middle of a boring date, you say you have a headache. The date ends early. Now, you use the same tactic on future boring dates. This is the best example of... A) Punishment B) Escape learning C) Positive reinforcement D) The hot stove rule E) What happens to you on every date #lol

Escape learning #Is trying to escape the situation they are in

Kiko wants to conduct an experiment on the effect of stress on job satisfaction. She assigns participants to either a high stress or no stress group, such that each participant has an equal probability of being assigned to either group. The high stress group is the ______ group. A) Dependent variable B) Matching variable C) Control D) Experimental

Experimental

Puka's new employee, Mark, has come into work late for the third time in a row. Puka attributes his tardiness to Mark being lazy and not caring about his work. In actuality, Mark has a sick child at home. Puka is demonstrating the... A) Actor-observer bias B) Expectancy error C) Top-down processing bias D) Fundamental attribution error

Fundamental attribution error #An individual's tendency to attribute another's actions to their character or personality

Because Mika gets along so well with her co-workers she is highly rated on all other attributes on her performance evaluation. This is an example of... A) Schema error B) Halo effect C) Self-fulfilling prophecy D) Contrast effect

Halo effect

Juby hears that she and several other co-workers are being considered for a promotion. Juby decides not to work any harder than usual because she feels these decisions are "pretty much fate" and are "out of her hands". Juby... A) Has an internal locus of control B) Is an introvert C) Has an external locus of control D) Is an extrovert E) Score high in achievement motivation

Has an external locus of control #External locus of control indicates people are not in control of their lives, while internal dictates the opposite

Although Yu-Ling's proposal was rejected, she was not discouraged. In fact, she treated the failure as useful feedback and worked even harder on her next proposal. Yu-Ling most likely has... A) Low self-esteem B) High self-monitoring ability #Ability to keep conscious of one's emotions in a situation C) High negative affectivity D) High internal locus of control E) High need to belong #ADD NOTES LATER

High internal locus of control

Jerby is very popular and is well liked by others on her team. Jerby can be best described as being.. A) Low on neuroticism B) High on conscientiousness C) High on agreeableness D) Low on openness to experience

High on agreeableness

Bort needs to hire a manager who knows how to motivate a large number of freelance employees. His company should look for a manager with good _______ skills. A) Conceptual B) Human C) Technical D) Liaison E) None of the above

Human #The ability to understand, work with, and lead the behavior of other people and groups

The worse time for an interviewer to find out that you were fired from your last job for starting fires would be _________ of the interview. A) In the beginning B) At the end C) In the middle D) During the transmission #First impressions always make the biggest impact

In the beginning

Paco notices that older workers seem to "see the big picture" much more quickly than younger workers. He tries to come up with a general explanation for what he observed. According to the Scientific Process, Paco is engaging in...

Induction

Homer is interested in using the scientific process to solve a problem at the power plant. The three basic steps are... A) Correspondence, parsimony, pragmatism B) Induction, deduction, and verification C) Validity, reliability, random assignment D) Hop, step, jump

Induction, deduction, verification

Diti is imaginative, creative, and original. According to the Big 5 Theory of personality, Diti can be best described as being high on... A) Emotional stability B) Sociability/extraversion C) Intellectual openness D) Agreeableness E) None of the above

Intellectual Openness

Bobo believes that both the situation and personality are important determinants of behavior. Bobo appears to support a(n) ______ perspective. A) Dispositional B) Interactionist C) External locus D) Internal locus

Interactionist

The four principle functions of management are... A) Reengineering, restructuring, outsourcing, and freelancing B) Spokesperson, negotiator, human, technical C) Leading, organizing, planning, controlling D) Stop, drop, and roll

Leading, organizing, planning, controlling

Maria's employees are not performing well. Maria needs to analyze and diagnose the situation to figure out why. Maria needs to utilize her ______ skills. A) Human B) Technical C) Conceptual D) Freelancing E) None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding sample correlations is TRUE? A) They have a numerical value that can range from 1.00 - 2.00 #They only go from 0 - 1 B) They can indicate causation #False, see Ice Cream example and drowning C) They can only be positive #Can be negative D) None of the above

None of the above

Mika is curious as to whether the company's new social skills test really measures "social skills". Mika is curious about the test's... A) Internal consistency reliability B) Practicality C) Scope D) Test-retest reliability E) None of the above

None of the above #These are all measures of personality

Juby does not think she has the ability to learn how to use Microsoft Office 2010. Juby can be best described as having low... A) Self-control B) Vicarious Reinforcement C) Self-efficacy D) Self-reinforcers E) Off-efficacy

Self-efficacy #One's own ability or capacity to execute a behavior needed

According to Social Learning Theory, the three key factors that influence learning in organizations are... A) Operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and vicarious B) Intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors, and extrasic C) Self-efficacy, vicarious learning, and self-control D) Extinction, shaping, and negative reinforcement

Self-efficacy, vicarious learning, and self-control #Social learning theory revolves around behavior, personal factors, and environmental factors

Kathleen received praise from her supervisor about a project she completed. Kathleen attributes her success to her superior intellect. This best exemplifies the... A) Self-serving Bias B) Fundamental attribution error C) Actor-observer Bias D) Self-fulfilling prophecy E) Regal hypothesis #a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Self-serving Bias

Jerbina is interested in the process by which managers change information from their senses (e.g. vision, hearing) into a form that can be used by their brains. Jerbina is interested in... A) Selection B) Sensation C) Perception D) Organization E) Evaluation

Sensation

Diti wants to help her employee improve her sales skills. Each time her employee's actions get closer and closer to what she wants her to do, Diti expressed approval. Eventually, her employee uses the right sequence of steps each time she deals with a customer. Diti has used _________ to get what she wants done. A) Charting B) Negative reinforcement C) Avoidance conditioning D) Shaping

Shaping

Zach rates a job candidate low because he graduated from a rival college. Zach can be best described as demonstrating the ______ effect. A) Contrast B) Primacy C) Systematic distortion D) Similar-to-me E) Opposition #perceive others who are similar to ourselves more positively than we perceive people who are different

Similar-to-me effect

An organization's duty or obligation toward individuals or groups outside the organization that are affected by its actions is known as its... A) Reengineering Challenge B) Social Responsibility C) Competitive Advantage D) Oblique Obligation

Social Responsibility

When evaluating employees, Phani groups performance dimensions based upon their perceived similarity. Phani is most likely committing the _____ error. A) Similarity (similar-to-me) B) Central tendency C) Systematic distortion D) Halo #we often distort reality about others in ways that serve our own self image.

Systematic Distortion