Human Nutrition Exam 1

A kilocalorie is a unit of energy used to describe the amount of energy in a food or beverage. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.

Orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables are rich food sources of

Beta-carotene

Americans consume these above the recommendation

Candy, Added fats and oils, sugar sweetened beverages

Which of the following nutrients is NOT involved in cellular development?

Carbohydrates

The usual pattern of foods that you choose to eat

Diet

"I'm a subject in this study. I can't tell if I'm in the control group or the treatment group, and the researchers also don't know which group I'm in."

Double-blind study

A nutrient that must be provided by the diet because it cannot be produced by the body or produced in the amount that is needed.

Essential Nutrient

Heart disease has both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that contribute to its development. All of the following are lifestyle risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT

Family history and genetic predisposition for heart disease

By weight (i.e., gram-for-gram), foods high in _______ have the highest energy density.

Fat

Which U.S. government agency regulates nutrition and health-related claims on product labels?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Americans consume these below the recommendation

Fruits, Vegetables, Dairy Products

Top four leading causes of death in the US

Heart disease, Cancer, Accidents, Chronic lower respiratory infection

Life sustaining substances in food.

Nutrients

"I'm a subject in this study, but I think the experimental pill that the researchers gave to me to take each day doesn't contain anything that reduces my risk of lung cancer."

Placebo

"I'm in a group of healthy people who are being studied. Some of us take vitamin D pills regularly and some of us don't take the supplement. As participants in the study, which will last 8 years, we have regular checkups to determine if we are still healthy."

Prospective cohort study

What is an objective of Healthy People 2030?

Reduce the proportion of adults with obesity

Failure to consume adequate amounts of nutrients can lead to observable and measurable physical changes that are called

Signs

Deficiency disease can cause subjective health complaints called

Symptoms

"In an earlier study involving laboratory rats, adding a daily vitamin D supplement to the animals' diet for 12 months reduced the risk of cancer in the rodents."

Treatment

T or F Education influences a person's food selections.

True

The most essential nutrient, because the body can survive for only a few days without it.

Water

Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.

overnutrition is less common than undernutrition in the United States

What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?

Heart Disease and Cancer

"Scientists think that taking vitamin D supplements regularly is an effective way to reduce the risk of lung cancer."

Hypothesis