Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Levy Ch. 1-5)

ways to control extraneous variables?

held constant different levels of variable part of the experimental design statistical control

the skills, behaviors, and capabilities that allow employees to perform specific functions?

competencies

an abstract quality, such as intelligence or motivation, that is not observable and is difficult to measure?

construct

the extent to which a test measures the underlying construct that it was intended to measure?

construct validity

the degree to which a test or predictor covers a representative sample of the quality being assessed?

content validity

the manipulation of antecedent conditions to affect behavior?

control

dependent variables are often called?

criteria, outcomes and consequences

which are collected at one point in time from a single group of respondents?

cross-sectional data

what kind of data does archival research contain?

cross-sectional data and longitudinal data

suggests that behavior is orderly and systematic and doesn't just happen by chance?

determinism

suggests not only that behavior is orderly but also that this orderliness can be discovered?

discoverability

a unique piece of scholarly research that is usually the last hurdle before obtaining a PhD?

dissertation

The research process?

formulate they hypothesis, design the study, collect data, analyze the data, report the findings

which the investigator asks a series of questions orally rather than in writing?

interview

What does a case study involve?

interviews, historical analysis, research into the writings or policies of an individual or organization

the theory should be able to explain a lot as simply as possible?

parsimonious

criteria to a good theory?

parsimonious precision testability useful generatively

the observer tries to "blend in" with those who are to be observed?

participant observation

4th area of I/O psychologists is?

performance appraisal

I/O psychology dependent variables?

performance, profits, costs, job attitudes, salary, promotion, attendance, behaviors, and motivation

should be specific and accurate in its wording and conceptual statements so that everyone knows what its propositions and predictions are?

precision

the ability to anticipate an event prior to its actual occurrence?

prediction

independent variables are often called?

predictors, precursors and antecents

5th are of I/O psychologists is?

quality of work life

a research design that resembles an experimental design but does not include random assignment?

quasi-experiment

the procedure by which research participants, once selected, are assigned to contains such that each one has an equally likely chance of being assigned to each condition?

random assignment

we can split the test in half by off or even questions numbers and see if the even half of the test is equivalent to the off half?

split hald reliability

involves selecting a sample of respondents and administering some type of questionnaire?

surveys

the stability of a test over time; often called a coefficient of stability?

test-retest reliability

the proportions presented in the theory must be verifiable by some sort of experimentation?

testability

a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomenon by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explains and predicting the phenomenon?

theory

when did the I/O psychology field really grow?

when they were employed by the government to train, tests and measure the performance of soldiers

The lady of Management and the Mother of Scientific management?

Lillian Gilbreth

When was I/O first established?

1901 by Walter Dill Scott, at the Agate Club in Chicago

Mental ability tests developed by I/O psychologists during World War 1 that were used to select and classify army personnel?

Army Alpha and Army Beta

First PhD in industrial Psychology?

Bruce V. Moore

is a process or method for generating a body of knowledge?

Science

includes information on personal characteristics, ability, occupation and work performance for over 36,000 individuals?

GATB

What is the largest Archival research?

GATB General Aptitude Test Battery

were a series of experiments, some of which examined the impact of illumination or productivity, that were conducted at the Western Electric Plant in Hawthorne, Illinois?

Hawthorne Studies

the application of psychological principles and theories to the workplace?

I/O Psychology

the extent to which two independent forms of a test are equivalent measures of the same construct; sometimes called equivalent forms reliability or a coefficient of equivalence?

Parallel forms reliability

the variable of interest, or what we design experiments to assess?

dependent variable

a theory is developed to?

describe, predict, explain and control important phenomena

the accurate portrayal or depiction of the phenomenon of interest?

description

Types of reliability?

Test retest reliability Parallel forms reliability interrater reliability internal consistency

What do I/O psychologists study?

The attitudes and behaviors of employees and employers Interpersonal relationships at work The structure of organizations and organizational policies The complex processes of motivation and leadership Both individual and organization performance The context, culture, and climate of organizations The match between people and jobs

goals of science?

description explanation prediction control

broad conceptual frameworks within which motivation and performance can be examined?

action theories

research the relies on such data sets, which have been collected for either general or specific purposes identified by an individual or organization?

archival research

What should out measure of reliability be?

at least .70

a dimension along which individuals can be measured and along which they vary?

attribute

examinations of a single individual, group, company or society?

case study

a conclusion, drawn from research data, about the likelihood of a causal relationship between two variables?

causal inference

starting with a theory and propositions and then collecting data to test those propositions?

deduction

is the variable of interest-what we design our experiment to assess?

dependent variable

How to come up with a hypothesis?

generated as a results of a thorough review of the literature arise from the experimenters own experiences from a question that has not yet been answered in the published literature

it should stimulate research that attempts to support or refute its propositions?

generatively

a question that can be answered only though experimentation, experience, or observation?

empirical

the notion that the vest way to understand behavior is to generate predictions based on theory, gather data and use the data to test theses predictions?

empiricism

assumptions about the world?

empiricism determinism discoverability

a data collection approach that captures momentary attitudes and psychological states?

experience sampling methodology (ESM)

which designs have higher internal validity?

experimental have higher internal validity over observational

research procedures that are distinguished by random assignment of participants to conditions and the manipulation of independent variable?

experimental methods

gathering knowledge about why the phenomenon exists or what causes it?

explanation

is external or internal validity always and empirical question?

external validity

the extent to which the results obtained in an experiment generalize to other people, settings, and times?

external validity

is anything other than the independent variable that can contaminate the results or be thought of as an alternative to out causal explanation?

extraneous variable

anything other than the independent variable that can contaminate our results of be thought of as an alternative to our causal explanation?

extraneous variable/confounding variable

how is data collected?

face to face interactions mail e-mail interent

a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables?

hypothesis

a variable that is systematically manipulated by the experimenter or, at the least, measured by the experimenter as an antecedent to other variables?

independent variable

working from data to theory?

induction

associated with job analysis, training, selection and performance measurement/appraisal?

industrial psychology

does quasi experiment use random assignment or intact groups?

intact groups

we can determine whether there is consistency among a set of items by looking at the correlations among all the items?

inter item reliability or the cornerbacks coefficient alpha

An indication of the extent to which individual test items seem to be measuring the same thing?

internal consistency

the extent to which we can draw causal inferences about our variables?

internal validity

the extent to which multiple raters or judges agree on ratings made about a particular person, thing or behavior?

interrater reliability

3 points of reliability?

keep in mind that if we are going to use a test score as a predictor of on the job performance is it imperative that the predictor be measured reliably recall that I mentioned measurement error as getting in the way of accurate measurement reliability is extremely important because we cannot accurately predict attitudes, performance, or behavior with a variable that is not measured very well

a way of going about doing things to increase our understanding of concepts, processes and relationships?

logic of inquiry

which are collected over multiple time periods so that changes in attitudes and behaviors can be examined?

longitudinal data

example of self-administered questionnaire?

mail survey

the systematic control, variation, or application of independent variables to different groups of participants?

manipulation

the assignment of numbers to objects or events using rules in such a way as to represent specified attributes of the objects?

measurement

refers to the observation of someone or something in its natural environment?

naturalistic observation

Do descriptive studies involves random assignments or manipulation?

no

results that are usually analyzed by correlational statistics?

observational methods or correlation designs

3rd area of I/O psychologists is?

organizational development

deals with motivation, work attitudes, and leadership, as well as the structure, culture, and processes of organizations?

organizational psychology

the consistency or stability of measure?

reliability

How are I/O psychologists trained?

scientist/practitioner model

an approach used to train I/O psychologists maintaining that because I/O psychologists are both generators and consumers of knowledge, training must be focused on both theory and application

scientist/practitioner model

1st area of I/O psychologists is?

selection

are surveys that are completed by respondents in the absence of an investigator or in the response of the researcher?

self-administered questionnaires

3 reasons self administered surveys are useful?

they are relatively easy to administer they can be administered to large groups of people at the same time they can provide respondents with anonymity, which makes them feel more comfortable and increases the likelihood that their responses will be hones

2nd area of I/O psychologists is?

training and development

the researcher tries not to draw attention to himself or herself and objectively observes individuals?

unobtrusive naturalistic observation

it is practical and helps in describing, explaining and predictions an important phenomenon?

useful

Measuring internal consistency?

we can split the test in half by odd or even question numbers and see if the even half of the test is equivalent to the odd half whether there is consistency among a set of items by looking at the correlations among all the items