Infectuous Disease
Louis Pasteur
Advance the idea that "Germs cause disease," known as the Germ Theory.
Key characteristics of living organisms
Cytoplasm or organelles. Metabolism or homeostasis. Cell membrane or nucleus. Growing or dividing in two. Reproduction outside a living Host cell. ATP or similar molecules
Chronic illness
Develop gradually and persost over many years. After initial period of sickness, the patient has periods of time that are symptoms free. Malaria is an example.
Residential bacteria
Harmless or even helpful bacteria that live in our intestines
Reproduction of viruses
Invade normal host cells in living organisms and take over the host DNA or RNA
Typical viral diseases
Measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, rabies, hepatitis, and AIDS.
Preferred host tissue
Most if the viruses have a ________ ____ _________.
Virus
Much smaller than a bacteria. Antibiotics are ineffective against them. They are not living organisms and they cannot be killed by antibiotics
Carrier
Once infected, a new host can either become a _______ of the disease or become ill
Fungi
Organisms that have plant-like characteristics but have no chlorophyll and are non-photosynthetic. Are either unicellular or multicellular in form. Are among the most important decomposers of dead matter.
Incubation period
Period of time from which a person becomes infected with microorganisms to the time where they actually show signs of the disease (contagious period) and is often hard to identify because it is usually during the early stages of the disease. An individual who is infected may not realise he or she is spreading the disease.
White cells (phagocytes)
Are not adequate to fight a bacterial infection. An appropiate antibiotic is needed.
Polio
Attaches to the nerve cells
Deadly Bacteria
Bacteria that is not threated with appropiate antibiotic therapy for a prescribed amount of time
Viral illness
Can either be benign and self-limiting, or lengthy and deadly.
Typical disease caused by bacteria
Cholera, bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, streptoccocal throat and long infections, venereal diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and lymphogranuloma venerum, and staphlococcal and steptococcal infections of the skin
Infectuous Disease
Diseases caused by the spread of germs. A.k.a Communicable diseases. Are passed from one person to another
Ringworm and athlete's foot
Diseases in the skin caused by fungi. Sometimes they can penetrate the inner skin and act like a virus.
Anaerobic bacteria
Doesn't need oxygen like clostridium botulimum
Pathogen spreading mechanism
Escape from one host to a new host from the respiratory tract through coughing or sneezing. Pathogens that are airborne normally travel through the air with water droplets, and they are normally in a warm environment. Escape through the intestinal tract through feces. Direct contact with an infected person, such as the case of an infected disease. Contact with animals such as the case of a dog or insect bite. Contact with objects by touching things an infected person has handled, by drinking towels, drinking glasses, Sprite bottles, or tooth brushes. Food that has spoiled and then is eaten will result in the pathogen infecting the individual eating the food.
Symptoms of virus
Extreme fatigue, feeling rundown, extreme loss of energy, pain muscle, joints, headache, coughing, sore throat and on and on.
Process of Infectious Disease
Follows four factors: 1) The Pathogen 2) The Source of the Pathogen 3) The spread of the Pathogen and 4) the new Host
Spores
Fungi can also enter the body through ______
Pathogens
Germs or microorganisms that cause disease. Bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, and protist.
Protist
Simple one-celled organisms, or simple multicellular organisms that don't fit in any of the other kingdoms. Many of them cause disease when they got into the human body.
Bacteria
Small, one-cell organism that come in three basic shapes: Rod-like (bacillus), round (coccus), and spiral-shaped (spirochetes) are common forms. They are living organisms that require a source of food and have to produce waste
Rickettsia
Smaller than bacteria are a type of parasitic microorganism carried by a tick, spread by tick bite, causing Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Q fever, and certain forms of Typhus.
Parasites
Such as round worms or tapeworms can enter your body, live in your digestive tract, and become so numerous that they interfere with digestion or absorption of nutrients.
The Pathogen
The germ that invades a person's body. If the pathogen can be destroyed at this stage, the chain of disease is broken and the disease process ends. Penicillin can be used to destroy the pathogen at an early stage. It needs a place to call home to infect an otherwise healthy individual. The best place is a human or animal but plants, soil, and water also do the work.
Same manner
The new host usually gets the pathogen in the ______ ______ the previous host got the pathogen
Acute illness
Those that develop suddenly with symptoms that are often severe. It's the most usual form of infectious diseases. Flu and cold are exampled. If left untreated the acute illness may become chronic such as the case of syphilis, and hepatitis.
Amoeba
Type of protist that enters the body through untreated, impure water or food, taking up residence in our large intestine, causing diarrhea and pain, and possibly death.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Variation of Mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
Opportunistic
Viruses are ________ because they move through the human body from organ to organ.
DNA or RNA
Viruses attatch to the host's _____ ___ ______. They attack and inject themselves into individual cells in the body