InQuizitive Ch. 15

Identify the characteristics of bureaucracy that help prevent nepotism (the favoriting of friends or relatives, especially in the allocation of jobs).

Preventive Characteristic(s): - meritocracy - impersonality Not Preventive Characteristic(s): - specialization - efficiency

Identify the rights that come with citizenship, according to sociologist T. H. Marshall.

Citizenship Right(s): - social rights - political rights - civil rights Not Citizenship Right(s): - natural rights - class-based rights

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about shaming.

According to research by Jennifer Jacquet, shaming works best to change human behavior when it is used to address a [collective action] problem, such as [lawn upkeep], through social means like [gossip]. *Collective action refers to actions that will pay off more when a greater number of people participate, but that require individual involvement and sometimes inconvenience. Recycling is a good example of this; it is good for the collective, but inconvenient to enact as an individual, with no formal sanctions against not participating

Identify the aspects of legal-rational authority that are demonstrated by the police officer in this image.

Aspect(s): - In filling out standardized forms, the police officer is enacting routinization. - The man in this picture is playing a role (police officer), which is attached to a set of responsibilities and authorities. Not Aspect(s): - The police officer is surrounded by other police officers, thus enhancing his authority. - The police officer enacts his authority based on the traditional role of police officers in the United States.

Identify the characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy.

Characteristic(s): - meritocracy - impersonality - specialization - hierarchy - efficiency Not Characteristic(s): - traditionalism - rigidity

Identify the scenarios that the Milgram experiment helps us to understand.

Correct Answer(s): - How soldiers can commit war crimes when commanded by a superior officer. - How ordinary citizens can ignore government oppression against a minority group. Incorrect Answer(s): - How teachers can enhance students' learning by punishing them for incorrect answers. - How whistleblowers can reveal dangerous or unethical behavior mandated from their bosses.

Match each concept to the corresponding example.

Domination by economic power: A district attorney offers a class settlement to aluminum buyers after a lawsuit is filed against Goldman Sachs for deliberately slowing deliveries of aluminum tubing. Coercion: A police officer making an arrest Tasers the suspect into submission. Domination by authority: A witness agrees to testify against Goldman Sachs in court when told by police that it is required under the law.

Identify the functions of a welfare state.

Function(s): - provides social resources - enacts coercive control and political authority Not Function(s): - provides direct monetary support to poor citizens - enters conflicts with close neighbors

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about Max Weber's theory of authority.

Max Weber's conception of authority has two main elements: [power], which is the ability to enforce one's wishes, and [legitimacy], which distinguishes authority from mere bullying or dictatorship. Weber distinguishes [three] kinds of [authority], based on the different sources of its legitimacy.

Why don't many African nations fit Weber's definition of statehood?

National boundaries have been artificially imposed by outside forces.

Match each type of right to the correct example.

Political Right: the right to vote Civil Right: the right to freedom from personal interference Civil Right: the right to not be jailed without due process Social Right: the right to emergency medical care

Identify the attributes of statehood that Somaliland possessed in 2005.

Somaliland Possessed: - had a monopoly on the legitimate use of force - had a functioning civilian government - claimed status as an independent state Somaliland Did Not Possess: - was recognized as a state by other nation-states

What is the best definition of politics?

a set of power relationships among people or other social actors