Int. Biochem & Organic Chemistry Final Review
Monochlorination of pentane, C5H12, leads to formation of how many different products?
3
The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ________.
D-ribose
Which choice is an example of a material that is transported across cell membranes by active transport?
K+
Which molecule shown is an ether?
Option D
What is the common name of the molecule shown? O || CH3CH2CH2 - C - OH acetic acid oxalic acid lactic acid formic acid butyric acid
butyric acid
Functional group of: CH3COOH
carboxylic acid
If methylamine reacts with hydrochloric acid, the major product will be
methylammonium chloride.
If methylamine reacts with hydrochloric acid, the major product will be trimethylammonium chloride. methylammonium chloride. dimethylammonium chloride. methylammonium hydroxide. ammonium chloride.
methylammonium chloride.
All of the following are globular proteins except
myosin
Substances the bind to an enzyme and increase its activity are called
positive regulators
Which carboxylic acid is used to prepare the ester shown? CH3-CH2-O-C-CH2-CH-CH3 || || O CH3 CH3COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3(CH2)3COOH (CH3)2CHCOOH (CH3)2CHCH2COOH
(CH3)2CHCH2COOH
The reaction that occurs between an amine and an acid is best illustrated by (CH3)2NH + HCl → (CH3)2NH2 + Cl-. (CH3)2NH + H2O → (CH3)2N + H3O+. (CH3)2NH + HCl → (CH3)2NH Cl- + H3O+. (CH3)2NH + HCl → (CH3)2NH2+ + OH-. (CH3)2NH + HCl → (CH3)2NH + Cl-.
(CH3)2NH + HCl → (CH3)2NH2 + Cl-.
When the nitrogen atom in an organic compound has four covalent bonds, it is called a -primary amine. -tetraammine. -secondary amine. -tertiary amine. -quaternary ammonium ion.
-quaternary ammonium ion.
The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and thymine in DNA is ________.
0
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown? CH3 CH3 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane dimethylcyclobutane cyclohexane 2,2-dimethylcyclobutane 1,1-dimethylcyclobutane
1,1-dimethylcyclobutane
What is the name of the product when 1-pentene reacts with Cl2?
1,2-dichloropentane
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?
1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown?CH2=CHCH=CH2
1-3 - butadiene
The IUPAC name of the following molecule is: CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH3
1-ethyl-1-propylether
Which of the following would at best be only very slightly soluble in water?
1-hexanol
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?
4-ethyl-1-hexanol
What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence TCGA?
AGCT
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?
N-methylethylamine
Functional group of: CH3CH2CHO
aldehyde
Functional group of: CH3OCH3
ether
The type of lipid that is predominant in cell membranes is
phospholipids.
Codons provide the information needed to synthesize
proteins
An alcohol is classified as primary, secondary or tertiary based on
the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the OH group.
Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA?
thymine
Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA?
uracil
Arrange the following in order of INCREASING boiling point. 1 is lowest, 5 is highest.
1. Ethane 2. Propane 3. Butane 4. 2,2-dimethylpropane 5. Pentane
Arrange the following in order of INCREASING boiling point.
1. Pentane 2. 3-butanone 3. 3-butanol 4. Propanoic acid 5. Propanamide
The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine in DNA is ________.
2
The number of hydrogen bonds between thymine and adenine is
2
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? CH3-CH-CH-CH3 | | Cl Cl 1,2-dichloro-1-methylpropane 1,2-dichloro-1,2-dimethylethane 2,3-dichlorobutane di(chloroethane) 2,3-dichlorbutane
2,3-dichlorobutane
What is the IUPAC name for diisopropyl ketone?
2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone
What is the product of reduction of 2-butanone?
2-butanol
The addition of HF to 2-butene produces
2-fluorobutane.
The major product obtained from dehydration of 2-hexanol is
2-hexene
What is the correct IUPAC name of the compound shown?
2-methyl aniline
The IUPAC name for this compound is: CH3C(CH3) =CHCH2CH3
2-methyl-2-pentene
What is the product of the reduction of 2-methyl-3-pentanone?
2-methyl-3-pentanol
What is the product of reduction of 2-pentanone?
2-pentanol
How many chiral carbons are contained in a molecule of ribose? O OH. OH OH || | | | CH-CH-CH-CH-CH2OH
3
How many secondary carbons are in this molecule? CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3
3
The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine in DNA is
3
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? N-methyl butanamide 2-methyl butanamide 2-methyl propanamide 3-methyl butanamide N-methyl propanamide
3-methyl butanamide
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? O CH3 || | H-C-CH2-CH-CH3
3-methylbutanal
The name 3-methyl-1-hexanone is not correct. Draw the structure implied by the name, then identify the correct name below.
3-methylhexanal
The correct name for CH3CH(CH3)CH2COCH3 is 2-methyl-4-pentanone. isobutyl acetone. 2-methyl-4-butanone. 4-methyl-2-pentanone. 4-methyl-2-butanone.
4-methyl-2-pentanone.
Monobromination of methylcyclohexane leads to how many different products?
5
A nucleotide is a(an)
5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside
Which alcohol should be used to produce 2-methyl-3-hexene by dehydration?
5-methyl-3-hexanol
How many carbon atoms are there in the longest continuous chain of the molecule shown? (CH3)3C(CH2)3CH3
6
How many three letter combinations are there present in the genetic code?
64
How many carbon atoms are there in the longest continuous chain of the molecule shown? (CH3)2CH(CH2)5CH3
8
The tripeptide represented as ala-leu-gly is named
Alanylleucylglycine.
Which molecule shown is a tertiary alcohol?
CH3 | CH3-CH-CH-CH3 | | OH CH3
Which molecule is a fatty acid?
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Which molecule is an unsaturated fatty acid?
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Which of the following molecules is an example of a secondary amine?
CH3-N-CH2-CH3 | H
Which of the following molecules is an example of a primary amine?
CH3-N-H | H
Which compound has the highest boiling point?
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Which compound has the lowest boiling point? CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CHO
CH3CH2CH3
Which pair of compounds can react to form a hemiacetal?
CH3CH2CHO and CH3CH2OH
Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of a carboxylic acid in water?
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O+
Which molecule shown is an L-isomer?
CHO | HO- C -H | HO- C -H | HO- C -H | CH2OH
The central belief of molecular genetics states that
DNA stores genetic information and RNA reads, decodes, and uses that information.
In DNA, a DNA sequence complementary to the strand shown below is C-G-G-T-T-A-G
G-C-C-A-A-T-C.
Which amine has the highest boiling point?
H | CH3-CH2-N-CH2-CH2-CH3
An amine that is insoluble in water can be made to dissolve by adding it to an aqueous solution of -NaOH. -a different amine. -an amide. -HCl. -none of the above; it can't be made water soluble.
HCl
Which reactant should be used to convert 2-methyl-1-butene to 2-chloro-2-methylbutane?
HCl
The product of an esterification reaction between which of the following molecules would be an oil? I. CH3 (CH2)14COOH II. CH3 (CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7COOH III. HOCH2CH2OH IV. HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH
II and IV
After initiation of protein production, the correct order for the steps in the manufacture of proteins is I. elongation II. peptide bond formation III. termination IV. tRNA binding with ribosome
IV, I, II, III
Which of the following processes involve protein denaturation? -cooking egg whites -permanent waving of hair -whipping cream -More than one response is correct
More than one response is correct.
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? O || CH3-CH2-CH2-C-NH-CH3
N-methylbutanamide
Which molecule is not an isomer of the molecule shown? C2H5OC2H5
O || CH3 CH2 -C-CH3
What are the products of this reaction? O || CH3CH2-C-NHCH2CH3 =NaOH
O || CH3CH2-C-ONa+ + CH3CH2NH2
Which molecule is an alpha amino acid?
O || HO-C-CH2-NH2
Which molecule is N,N-dimethylpropylamine?
Option D
Which amine has the lowest boiling point?
Option D (third option).
Which molecule shown is trimethylamine?
Option D (third option).
Which of the following is a hemiacetal?
Option E (last option)
The reaction of an amine with water is best represented by R-NH2 + 2 H2O R-NH4+2 + 2 OH-. R-NH2 + H2O R-N2- + M+ + H3O+. R-NH2 + 2 H2O R-N2- + 2 H3O+. R-NH2 + H2O R-NH3+ + OH-. R-NH2 + H2O R-NH- + H3O+.
R-NH2 + H2O R-NH3+ + OH-.
All of the statements about RNA are correct except
RNA molecules are smaller than DNA molecules, but form double helices like DNA.
Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is associated with good night vision?
Vitamin A
Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is associated with blood clotting factors?
Vitamin K
Enantiomers are a form of stereoisomer in which each molecule in the pair of isomers has
a carbon atom bonded to four different groups and the isomers are mirror images.
Gentle oxidation of a secondary alcohol will produce
a ketone
An amino acid has the form shown at O || R-CH-C-O- | NH2
a pH greater than its isoelectric point.
Which of the following objects is chiral?
a shoe
Which of the following has the highest boiling point?
acetic acid, CH3COOH
The process of transport across cell membranes which costs biochemical energy is
active transport
One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is
adenine and thymine.
Which protein is considered to be a globular protein?
albumin
Functional group of: CH3OH
alcohol
The functional group illustrated by ROH is an
alcohol
The products of acid hydrolysis of an ester are
alcohol + acid
Ribose can be classified as a(an)
aldopentose.
Functional group of: CH3CH2CH3
alkane
Functional group of: CH3CH=CH2
alkene
Functional group of: CH3C≡CCH2CH3
alkyne
Local hormones ________. act near their point of synthesis can be leukotrienes can be prostaglandins are short-lived all of the above
all of the above
The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule consists of
alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds.
Functional group of: CH3NHCH3
amine
All of the following are associated with replication of DNA except
amino acids
Amines can be considered organic derivatives of the inorganic compound: sodium hydroxide. water. ammonia. carbon dioxide. none of these
ammonia
When an amide is hydrolyzed under basic conditions, the products are
an amine and a carboxylate ion.
All of the following are B vitamins except
ascorbic acid.
Steroids are
based on a tetracyclic ring system with substituents at various positions.
When common names are used for acids, the carbon atom {in brackets} in the molecule shown would be designated as the ________ C atom. O || CH3 {CH2} CH2 - C - OH #2 beta alpha #1 gamma
beta
What is the IUPAC name of the molecule shown? O O || || HO-C-CH2 CH2-C-OH ethanedioc butanedioic acid dibutanoic acid diethanoic acid pentanedioic acid
butanedioic acid
What is the product of oxidation of butanal?
butanoic acid
What is the common name of the molecule shown? O || CH3 CH2 CH2 -C-OH formic acid oxalic acid lactic acid acetic acid butyric acid
butyric acid
Glycolipids are similar in structure to sphingomyelins, except that the phosphate group has been replaced by a(an)
carbohydrate
The name of the molecule shown is trans-3-chloro-3-pentene. cis-3-chloro-2-pentene. cis-3-chloro-3-pentene. trans-3-chloro-2-pentene. monochloro-2-cis-pentene
cis-3-chloro-2-pentene.
When a molecule similar to the correct substrate interacts with the active site of an enzyme, the process is called
competitive inhibition.
Transcription and translation of the mRNA involved in protein synthesis occur in two different locations in the cell. Translation occurs in the
cytoplasm.
When a protein is ________, its primary structure is maintained, but other aspects of its structure are disrupted.
denatured
When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose, the resulting molecule is called
deoxyriboguanosine.
Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which
each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Triglycerides belong to which general class of organic molecules?
esters
The chemical makeup of oils is
esters of glycerol with three predominantly unsaturated fatty acids.
The tertiary structure of most enzymes is
globular.
Mutarotation is process where
glucose undergoes reaction to form an equilibrium mixture of anomers.
A sphingomyelin includes all of the following components except
glycerol.
The molecule shown can be classified as a(an)
glycerophospholipid.
Which of the following is the typical shape of a plot showing the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of the enzyme concentration with excess substrate?
graph with straight line up showing an increase
Insulin is an example of a(an)
hormone
The bonding forces between the two DNA strands in a double helix are
hydrogen bonds
Which reaction can be used to convert oils into fats?
hydrogenation
The following reaction would most likely be catalyzed by an enzyme of which class? sucrose + H2O → glucose + fructose
hydrolase
An enzyme that is classified as a hydrolase is involved in ________ reactions.
hydrolysis
When a protein is ________, its primary structure is destroyed, thus destroying the other aspects of its structure.
hydrolyzed
Polar R groups, along with acidic and basic R groups, are said to be ________ because they are attracted to water molecules.
hydrophillic
The carbohydrate portion of a glycolipid extends ________ in order to allow the molecule to function as a ________.
into the extracellular fluid; receptor site
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a cis double bond to a trans double bond is classified as a(an)
isomerase.
Which compound is a primary amine? -isopropylamine -N,N-dimethylethylamine -trimethylamine -N-ethyl-N-methylpropylamine -diethylamine
isopropylamine
Functional group of: CH3COCH3
ketone
Enzymes function as catalysts by
lowering the value of the activation energy.
Translation is
making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA.
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? CH3CH2COOCH3
methyl propanoate
What is the common name of the compound shown?CH3CH2CH2OCH3 isobutyl ether butyl ether 1,2-etherbutane propyl methyl ether methyl propyl ether
methyl propyl ether
Which statement about eicosanoids is not correct? -Linolenic acid is a precursor to arachidonic acid. -The parent molecule, arachidonic acid, contains 20 carbon atoms. -All of the molecules in this category are unsaturated. -Eicosanoids function as "local hormones," acting as short-term chemical messengers. -none of the above
none of the above
A nucleotide is composed of a ________ with a ________ added to it.
nucleoside; phosphate group
Phospholipids differ from fats and oils by having
one of the fatty acid ester linkages replaced by a phosphate ester linkage.
Which of the following would be the product of the oxidation of 2-methyl-3-pentanol?
option B
Using systematic names, the structure shown could be called H3C ---- <()> ----- CH3 1,3-dimethylbenzene. para-dimethylbenzene. ortho-dimethylbenzene. 1,2-dimethylbenzene. meta-dimethylbenzene.
para-dimethylbenzene.
Phosphoglycerides differ from glycerides in that one of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol is esterified with
phosphoric acid.
Cellulose is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
plants; as a structural component
Another term for substances that bind irreversibly with the active site of an enzyme is
poisons.
The carbon atom marked with * is a ________ carbon atom. C C* | | C-C-C-C-C
primary
When comparing amine compounds of different classes but similar molar masses, which type will most likely be the highest boiling point? -primary amines -secondary amines -tertiary amines -quaternary ammonium salts
primary amines
The amino acid sequence of a protein is known as its
primary structure
In replication of DNA, each new double strand consists of one template strand and one new strand. Therefore, replication is said to be
semiconservative
Enzymes increase the rates of only certain reactions involving certain substances. This general characteristic is called
specificity
The molecule shown can be classified as a(an)
sphingolipid.
The most common reactions involving aromatics are ________ reactions.
substitution
Which molecule is not a reducing sugar?
sucrose
All of the following are non-covalent interactions important in maintaining the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary aspects of amino acids except
sulfur-sulfur bonds.
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? H CH3 | | CH3CH-CH2-CH-C=C | | | CH3 CH3 H
trans-4,6-dimethyl-2-heptene
The process in which information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA is called
transcription.
Fats and oils can be referred to by the general term ________ because ________.
triacylglycerols; they are formed by reaction of 1,2,3-propanetriol with three fatty acids
The maximum number of substrate molecules that one enzyme molecule can act on in a given unit of time is the
turnover number