Integumentary System test Review A&P
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?
first-degree
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure
hair matrix
In albinism, ________ is lacking
melanin
Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?
stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________.
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ___________.
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the ______
stratum basale
Another term for sweat glands is
sudoriferous
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
the hypodermis is innervated
Aging results in gray or white hair because
the is less pigment production
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
they die
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)
third-degree burn
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________
ultraviolet radiation
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.
ultraviolet radiation
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
The skin is also called the ________ membrane
cutaneous
The skin is also called the ________ membrane.
cutaneous
The two major components of the integument are
cutaneous membrane and accessory structures
The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the
cuticle
Shafts of hair are comprised of
dead, keratinized epidermal cells
How is the severity of a burn measured ?
depth into the tissue and the total area affected
Blood vessels are located in the
dermis
Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?
hair matrix
The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?
holocrine
Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands
is more than 99 percent water
Merocrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is
acne
Which of the following is found in the subcutaneous layer ?
adipose tissue
Which is NOT a component of sweat ?
ammonia
What muscles allow this to occur to the hair ?
arrector pili muscles
The nail ________ covers the nail bed.
body
Choose the 3 components that form granulation tissue
fibroblasts, fibrin blood clot, capillaries
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
first
During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?
granulation tissue
The pale crescent area of the nail is called the
lunula
Which type cancer commonly begins as a small mole ?
malanoma
The hair _________________ grows, making hair longers
matrix
The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production
melanin
The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from
melanocytes
Choose the 3 accessory structures of the Integumentary System
nails, hair, select exocrine glands
Vitamin D3 is essential for _____________________.
oxygenation of blood in the dermis
Thick skin can be found on the
palms
Thick skin can be found on the _____.
palms
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.
vitamin D3
A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)
abrasion
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.
apocrine
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called __________.
keratin
Which of the following best explains why hair color dulls or turns silver/grey as a person ages ?
low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity
Which of the following is a plausible reason for increased infections due to a break in the integumentary system, as the skin ages ?
decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin
Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?
provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury
The two types of exocrine glands in the skin are
sebaceous and sweat glands
The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the
stratum corneum
The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.
carotene
The skin may turn orange as a result of ___________ buildup.
carotene
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
carotene
Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands.
ceruminous
The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following?
subcutaneous layer
What degree of burn would affect the connective tissues of the skin, which contains capillaries and nerve fibers
3rd degree
What is the correct order for repair of the integument ?
scab formation tissue granulation scab removal scar formation
Short term paling of the skin occurs with _______________.
vasoconstriction
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
dilating blood vessels
When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiological basis ?
dilation of the blood vessels
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.
mammary
In albinism, ________ is lacking.
melanin
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the
dermis
The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the
dermis
When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis?
dilating blood vessels
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.
keloid
This type of skin decor is created by making ________ scars
keloid
The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production.
keratin
What is the function of mammary glands ?
secrete milk for feeding of youth
__________ cells of epithelium and connective tissue undergo cell division to replace lost or damaged tissue.
stem
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature
Sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles in the armpits (axillary region) and produce an odorous secretion are
apocrine glands
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
Exposure of the skin to UV radiation ____________________.
can cause DNA alteration in skin cells
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
can slowly increase melanocyte activity
A ceruminous gland that is over productive would produce an excessive amount of
earwax
Skin injuries and infections are more common in old age because
epidermal thinning
Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?
evaporation
During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.
fibrin
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called ________.
keratin
In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication.
sebaceous
Which of the following glands are sensitive to hormonal changes, causing acne in many people going through puberty.
sebaceous
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight
D3
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from __________.
ultraviolet radiation
Which type of burn is most painful ?
second degree
The observed difference in skin color reflect the levels of ________________ production.
malanin
