International Relations - Unit 2

__________ believe that diplomacy can succeed without the use of economic statecraft or force. Ethnonationalists Constructivists Liberals Realists

Liberals

Which of the following makes a country a nation-state? There are multiple state regions that are unified in one country. All people are loyal to the same government. There is congruence between state and nation. There is a democratic government.

There is congruence between state and nation.

In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis? counteracting powerful factions common identities shared culture common ideologies

counteracting powerful factions

A realist explanation for the democratic peace is that democracies often share alliances. democratic leaders are more peaceful than autocratic leaders. democracies are often members of the same institutions. democracies trade more with one another.

democracies often share alliances

An assemblage of units united by some form of regular interaction is called a(n) balance of power. system. evoked set. bipolar system.

system.

When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 the Soviet Union/Russia did not support any actions against Iraq. the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait. the Soviet Union/Russia supported placing sanctions on Iraq, but not a military mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait. the United States acted alone to remove Iraq from Kuwait.

the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait.

The Treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Which of the following resulted from this experience? an increase of local militaries the union of all Europeans by Catholicism the notion of sovereignty Napoleon's rise to become emperor

the notion of sovereignty

What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations? the emergence of religious authority the end of nationalism the rise of secular authority the end of monarchies

the rise of secular authority

According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states. cooperation interdependence multilateralism war

war

The idea behind the balance of power is that -alliances should be fixed and rigid. -states are more likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries. -states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries. -rational states will not go to war.

states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries.

The __________ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions in government, whereas the __________ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions both inside and outside government. bureaucratic/organizational; pluralist rational choice; game theory pluralist; bureaucratic/organizational game theory; pluralist

bureaucratic/organizational; pluralist

The tendency for individuals to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted while discounting other information is known as cognitive consistency. mirror imaging. using an evoked set. using a filter.

cognitive consistency.

The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as colonialism. détente. revanchism. imperialism.

colonialism.

A threat to use force to try to get another state to do something is known as deterrence. track-two diplomacy. satisficing. compellence.

compellence.

Constructivists characterize the national interest as based on leaders' material interests. constantly changing. a fixed social construct. focused on obtaining state power.

constantly changing.

Which of the foreign policy decision-making models highlights the importance of a country's strategic culture? pluralist model organizational politics model rational model constructivist model

constructivist model

The strategic idea held by the United States during the Cold War that aimed to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion is known as rollback. containment. détante. balance of power.

containment.

A strategy that involves a commitment by one state to punish another state if it takes an undesired action is known as negative sanctions. positive sanctions. deterrence. compellence.

deterrence.

A state that fails to perform one of a state's vital functions is known as a ethnonationalist state. nation-state. nation. fragile state.

fragile state

One idea that emerged after the American and French revolutions was that government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed. human nature is aggressive and warlike. only monarchies are politically stable. universal voting is necessary in democracy.

government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.

The three levels of analysis in the study of international relations are NGOs, state, and international institutions. individual, state, and system. NGOs, state, and system. state, international institutions, and system.

individual, state, and system.

Soft power refers to the ability to influence others by example. use positive sanctions to influence others. use negative sanctions to influence others. use diplomacy to influence others.

influence others by example.

The idea that political power ultimately rests with the people is a core part of the concept of sovereignty. nationalism. legitimacy. absolutism.

legitimacy

The bureaucratic/organizational and pluralist models of decision making stem from which theoretical perspective? constructivism liberalism radicalism realism

liberalism

Which of the following perspectives view states as pluralist arenas used to oversee the competition of various governmental and societal interests? liberalism neorealism constructivism realism

liberalism

Coordination among several states is known as anarchy. détente. multilateralism. multipolarism.

multilateralism.

A group of people who share a common history, language, and lifestyle is known as a(n) ethnonationalist movement. nation-state. state. nation.

nation.

Which of the following are examples of intangible sources of power? natural resources and public support geography and natural resources national image and public support geography and national image

national image and public support

When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs, and practices, it is termed capitalism. liberalism. nationalism. feudalism.

nationalism

According to Margaret Hermann's typology, a(n) __________ leader is one who has a low level of nationalism, has little belief in his or her ability to control events, and wants to maintain friendly relationships with others. ignorant patriotic independent participatory

participatory

When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League of Nations did not respond. placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced. placed sanctions on Italy, crippling the Italian economy. led a military mission to remove Italy from Ethiopia.

placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.

An example of negative sanctions is giving corporations investment guarantees as incentives to invest in a target state. allowing sensitive trade with a target state. giving trading privileges to the target state. placing an arms embargo on a target state.

placing an arms embargo on a target state.

The ability to influence an outcome that would not have otherwise occurred is known as intangible power. tangible power. power potential. power.

power

Geographic size and location, population and natural resources are all sources of __________ and reflect the __________ of a state. power; sovereignty power; power potential national interest; power tangible power; autonomy

power; power potential

Which model of foreign policy making focuses on a government's attempts to maximize its strategic objectives? pluralist model organizational politics model bureaucratic politics model rational model

rational model

Which theoretical perspective places least importance on the individual level of analysis? realism constructivism liberalism idealism

realism

The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as statism. sovereignty. realism. nationalism.

sovereignty.

What are the essential conditions for an entity to be called a state? territorial base, stable population, allegiance of people, and diplomatic recognition stable population, allegiance of people, and territorial base allegiance of people, stable population, and diplomatic recognition territorial base and diplomatic recognition

territorial base, stable population, allegiance of people, and diplomatic recognition

What is an example of a bipolar period in world history? the immediate post-Cold War era the Cold War the nineteenth century World War II

the Cold War

Groups of people from different states that share a set of beliefs and work together to change the status quo are known as ethnonationalists. a nation. transnational movements. bureaucrats.

transnational movements.

Which of the following concepts highlights the importance of negotiations between a negotiator and domestic constituencies as well as negotiations between states for understanding foreign policy? public diplomacy satisficing two-level game track-two diplomacy

two-level game

Individual leaders in power often evaluate the current world by the lessons they have learned from the past. This is known as groupthink. cognitive consistency. mirror imaging. using an evoked set.

using an evoked set.

__________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire. Imperialism Inclusionism Colonialism Revanchism

Imperialism

In which countries did the Islamic State control large swaths of territory at the height of its power in 2016? Iran and Iraq Iran and Syria Iraq and Syria Syria and Libya

Iraq and Syria

The Congress of Berlin in 1855 divided __________ between the major powers. French lands conquered by Napoleon areas of Russia ceded during World War I Africa India

Africa

Which of the following is an effect that has stemmed from globalization It has reinforced state sovereignty. It has made the bureaucratic model of decision making inapplicable to international affairs. It has challenged the state as the primary actor in international affairs. It has prevented leaders from using the rational model of decision making.

It has challenged the state as the primary actor in international affairs.

At the height of colonialism, __________ was one of the only Asian countries that was not under direct European or U.S. influence. Japan Philippines China Vietnam

Japan

In the early 1900s, __________, a non-European power, defeated Russia, a European power, in a war. Korea Japan the United States China

Japan

During the Cold War, the alliance between the United States and the Western European powers was known as the __________ and the alliance between the Soviet Union and east European powers was known as the __________. North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact Allied powers; Axis powers Warsaw Pact; North Atlantic Treaty Organization Axis powers; Allied powers

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact

In instances of groupthink, what tends to occur when new information unfolds that challenges a group's initial beliefs? Contradictory advice is welcomed. Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs. The group splits into competing factions. The group becomes excessively pessimistic.

Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs.

Which of the following is true of transnational movements? They can develop around issues such as the environment. They can sometimes pose a direct threat to the state. They prevent states from using diplomacy. They are all united by religious ideals.

They can sometimes pose a direct threat to the state.

In 2014, the Russian Federation invaded Poland. Ukraine. Georgia. the Baltic states.

Ukraine

Which country refused to join the League of Nations? United States France Canada Great Britain

United States

Neoliberal institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is __________ in nature but disagree on the potential for __________ outcomes. bipolar; relative anarchic; relative hegemonic; cooperative anarchic; cooperative

anarchic; cooperative

A relatively integrated set of images formed by perceptions is known as a(n) evoked set. belief system. groupthink. mirror image.

belief system.

Which foreign policy model emphasizes how standard operating procedures and processes affect decisions? bargaining rational bureaucratic/organizational pluralist

bureaucratic/organizational

An individual can alter the course of events under certain external conditions. Which of the following circumstances correctly captures when an individual is more likely to have a great impact on a country? when political institutions in a country are robust and stable when the issue is routine when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis when a leader is restricted by institutional constraints

when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis

The credibility of a commitment depends on a state's willingness to carry it out. willingness and ability to carry it out. ability to carry it out. first-strike capability.

willingness and ability to carry it out.

Recent mass actions have led to significant government change in all of the following cases except Ukraine. Tunisia. China. Egypt.

China

Which statement best captures the difference between a state and a nation? A nation cannot exist without a state. A state cannot exist without a nation. Multiple nations cannot exist within one state. A nation is a sense of cultural belonging that can exist without affiliation to a particular state.

A nation is a sense of cultural belonging that can exist without affiliation to a particular state.