Interpersonal Communication Midterm Ch. 1-6

Jon often uses profanities when he is out with his friends, but he is always polite when he visits his grandmother. This example illustrates which principle of interpersonal communication?

Interpersonal communication is situated.

As communication _____ increases, communicator competence increases.

Knowledge, Skill, Motivation All of the above

__________ is how we make sense of other people, ourselves, and our social world.

Social cognition

________ is the appreciation or esteem one persona has for another.

Affiliation

_____ is the impression that your communicative behavior is both effective and appropriate in a given situation.

Communication competence

_____ is the set of beliefs, values, and attitudes that define the specific culture that participants belong to.

Cultural context

_____ is (are) a set of moral principles that may be held by a society, a group, or an individual that provide general guidelines for acceptable behavior and are open to some interpretation and gradual change.

Ethics

_____ is information about how a message was interpreted by its recipient, conveyed in a subsequent message.

Feedback

__________ is the tendency to believe that others' negative behaviors result from their choices, whereas our own negative behaviors tem from conditions over which we have no control.

Fundamental attribution error

________ are everyday insults, indignities, and demeaning messages sent to a member of a stereotyped group by well-intentioned others who are unaware of the hidden messages being sent.

Microaggressions

Kyle is always on time for meetings, follows plans, and meets his deadlines. What is his time orientation?

Monochronic

_____ is the emotional reaction to a stereotyped group or individual from that group.

Prejudice

Which of the following can help you decide if you should use social media technology to communicate?

Remember the richness, Do a cost-benefit analysis, Keep abreast of rapidly evolving social media technologies. All of these.

_____ refers to our collection of all the ideas we have about ourselves, including abilities, personality traits, and roles, while _____ is how we view the characteristics we think we have.

Self-concept/self-esteem

________________ concerns the messages you send to yourself through your thoughts.

Self-talk

Your schema for "college professor" might be someone who is a "nerd" who reads books all the time, wears suits everywhere, and smokes a pipe. This example would be a(n) ________, a schema in which the central concept is a category or group of people.

Stereotype

________ stereotyping occurs when people act toward someone on the basis of a stereotype, even though they are minimally aware that they are basing their interaction on stereotypes.

Subtle

The following have been shown to be successful techniques for improving one's self-esteem

Therapy, Self-help both a and b

_________ theory explains that online information seems more credible when it cannot be easily manipulated by the person it describes.

Warranting

In what way do messages reflect and maintain our self-concept?

When you feel good about who you are, you tend to communicate in ways that display the positive feelings you have. We easily assimilate information that is consistent with our self-concept but have to work hard not to filter out inconsistent information. Messages based on our self-concept encourage others to treat us in ways that reflect how we regard ourselves. all of the above

Joel, the captain of his debate team, feels like he let the team down when they got third place, even though he scored high in individual points. Joel is probably a member of _______.

a collectivist culture

Every day, you see the same acquaintance in the hall. You say, "Hello, how are you?" and your friend answers, "Fine, thank you." This is an example of

a script

One of the best ways to improve your social cognition is to

actively question the accuracy of your perceptions

When a message conforms to social, relational, and ethical expectations, it is said to be

appropriate

Forcing new information to fit a memory structure or filtering it out because it doesn't fit is known as ___________.

assimilation

Raj is sending his girlfriend an e-mail. What type of temporal structure is he using?

asynchronous communication

Learned communication strategies for specific types of situations are called

canned plans

Life-changing situations such as moving to a new city or getting a divorce may result in

changes in self-esteem, changes in self-concept, a dropping of our filters all of the above

Our textbook introduces you to systematic and research-based explanations of how communication works, otherwise known as _________.

communication theories

Tina makes all decisions about the finances for both herself and her housemate Jessica. Jessica is fine with this. This example would be _____ behavior.

complementary

Interpersonal communication is

continuous, irreversible, transactional all of the above

Even though he loves living in America, Jorge embraces his Spanish heritage and exhibits it through his verbal and nonverbal mannerisms, his diet, etc. This heritage is an important part of his ________.

cultural identity

All of the following are part of the message production process except

decoding

José thinks "a person who is very careful about spending money" when Adrian describes a person as "thrifty." José's thoughts represent a process called

decoding

Self-concept affects your interpersonal communication encounters by __________.

directing your attention and affecting your judgments of others, resulting in messages that reflect and maintain your self-concept, motivating you to manage the impressions that others form of you all of the above

Emotions that are classified as basic are ________.

discrete/distinct from each other, universal, automatic all of the above

Erin has a tendency to be late for class. So, when she was late for our breakfast date, I assumed she had overslept. An explanation of behavior as resulting from a cause that is under the person's control is known as _________ attribution.

dispositional

When you are able to analyze a situation and adopt your communication skills to fit that situation, you are employing

diversity

Telling your friends that their baby is beautiful when you really think the baby is anything but beautiful is an example of a(n)

easy dark-side message

Before Carmen can send out a message, she must first _____, in which she will select words and behaviors that will represent her ideas and feelings.

encode

The receiver is the participant who does all of the following except

encodes

Selecting the word rain when you are talking about precipitation represents a process called

encoding

Slanderous name-calling is an example of what kind of message?

evil dark-side

Marshall was distracted from Tara's message because he saw his father arriving home. This is an example of

external noise

In terms of media richness, if sending a message via postal mail is a lean form of communication, which is considered the most rich?

face-to-face

All of the following are ethical standards to keep in mind when communicating, but _____ means being impartial and not biased.

fairness

As Jones tells about his trip to the Grand Canyon, he notices Janet and Mark yawning. The information Jones is receiving is known as

feedback

While listening to the professor lecture, Bernice frowned and shook her head every once in a while to offer

feedback

Keisha is good at math, and she values that characteristic positively, meaning she has _________.

high self-esteem

At dinner you get your father's advice on whether you should take sociology or political science to meet a requirement. The next day when you see your father, you say, "I decided on poly sci." His understanding of your message is explained by

historical context

LeBron is talking with Antwon about last night's political debate. LeBron's ability to understand Antwon is likely influenced by

historical context

"Someday I'd like to publish a book." The set of ideas about who you would like to be is your ________ self-concept.

ideal

You've gotten to know several college professors and have discovered that they are all highly intelligent, involved in their communities, and love to read. You have formed a(n) ___________, a specific kind of schema that connects a set of traits and behaviors.

implicit personality theory

The judgment process of developing an initial concept of another person is known as __________.

impression formation

Damon uses vulgar language when he is around Will, trying to influence the perception that Will has of him. This would be an example of _________.

impression management

Shellie will experience _____ if she believes she is an athletic person even though in reality she is bad in sports.

incongruence

In some cultures, people see themselves as distinct from others, with separate characteristics and abilities. Therefore, they are likely to have a(n) ________ self-concept.

independent

As a junior high school teacher, Melanie lectures on the dangers of cigarette smoking, yet before and after school each day she smokes several cigarettes. Melanie violates the ethical standard of

integrity

Ethical communicators act with ____, which means maintaining consistency between what we say we believe and what we do.

integrity

Bonita and Kayla are having a lively discussion about their plans for Spring Break. Each time Bonita gestures excitedly and raises her voice, Kayla mirrors her actions and tone. Kayla is exhibiting

interaction coordination

Daydreaming is an example of

internal noise

Which of the following is not a process that occurs during a conversation?

internal significance

The process through which people produce, interpret, and coordinate messages to create shared meanings, achieve social goals, manage their personal identities, and carry out their relationships is called

interpersonal communication

Nikki realizes that her boyfriend does not give her the attention she needs, so she spends more time with her friends and family, who give her more attention. Her actions follow the ideas of the

interpersonal needs theory

Dark-side messages

may be appropriate in some situations

We use _____, words and/or nonverbal behaviors to convey the thoughts, feelings, and intentions of the speaker.

messages

Lance screamed and opened his mouth wide in excitement when we jumped out and yelled "Surprise!" The expression of emotion through nonverbal and verbal behaviors is the ________ component of emotion.

motor

If Marissa thinks about the events of last evening while she is listening to a classroom lecture, these thoughts would be considered

noise

According to the text, when forming a first impression of Anna, Jeff would most likely notice her _____ first.

physical appearance

If you look around the classroom, you see desks, chairs, and windows, all of which make up the

physical context

In a high power distance culture

power imbalances are seen as natural.

Maria is very impatient with her children because she had a bad day at work, and she is feeling stressed. Maria's reactions to her children are affected by

psychological context

Which of the following co-cultural groups has been used to classify people based on biological characteristics, such as skin and eye color?

race

Becky made a YouTube video about shopping for shoes. She is surprised when it goes viral and millions of people have viewed it on YouTube. Which trait of social media technology did Becky not consider?

reach

Whitney arrives at a formal wedding wearing flip-flops, jeans, and a t-shirt, and everyone notices. We automatically attend to things that are ________, or noticeable.

salient

Greg has always been my best friend, and our best times together were spent sharing secrets, inside jokes, and late night conversations while eating junk food. Those memories form my ________, or memory structure that connects a concept to its related qualities, of a best friend.

schema

It is important to remember that self-concept is a(n) ________, which is resistant to change.

schema

A sequence of communication behaviors or specific message that is designed to carry out a plan is a

script

If we are unsure about someone we don't know well, to better ground our perceptions, we have to set implicit personality theory aside and ________.

seek more information to verify perceptions

Tonight I posted what I had for dinner on Facebook. This post would be an example of a(n) _________-generated social media cue.

self

If Sally believes in the importance of education, then the grades she earns at school are more likely to affect her

self-esteem

If you believe you will do well on this test, and you talk yourself into doing well, some of that success can be attributed to

self-fulfilling prophecy

You have recently interviewed for five different jobs. You did not get any of these jobs. You have been depressed, and you think you are not good enough to compete. If your attitude causes you to behave in ways that make the next prospective employer think you are not good enough, what might be affecting your success?

self-fulfilling prophecy

Imagine you use the word "jock" when talking to an athlete and the athlete has a different meaning of the word than you do. This is an example of

semantic noise

While working at a clothing store, Rachel was asked by a customer if they had any "fresh" clothes. Rachel remarked that this store only carried petite sizes. This is an example of

semantic noise

A masculine culture places value on

separate and distinct gender roles, assertive and dominant men, competition and material success all of the above.

When a receiver's interpretation of a sender's message is similar to what the speaker thought, felt, and intended, it is said that the two experienced

shared meaning

Since he's never late, I wondered why my co-worker Jeff was late for our staff meeting. I figured he must have had car trouble. An explanation that puts the cause of behavior outside the control of the person is _________ attribution.

situational

When Steve finds out that his friend is in jail, he assumes that his friend must have been at the wrong place at the wrong time and was charged on circumstantial evidence. This is an example of

situational attribution

If I meet Janna at an Operation Christmas Child project meeting, I may assume that she is honest, hard-working, and a churchgoer—all traits I have. I am overestimating the similarity between Janna and me, which is known as _________.

social projection

Jill blushed when she tripped in front of the class. The ________ component of emotion is the physical experience of a feeling.

somatic

"I see that the cheerleaders are sitting together at lunch—they're all such snobby, non-inclusive people." A(n) ________ is a schema in which the central concept is a category or group of people.

stereotype

Lars and Frances have an exchange where they cannot agree who is in control, and each wants to assert his or her own power. This is a(n)

symmetrical message

Communication that occurs in real time is called

synchronous communication

Which of the following is not a trait of social media technology?

temporal structure

Becky, who is away from home on a business trip, uses the computer to Skype with her teenaged son. She apologizes for missing his band concert. What purpose does this communication likely serve?

to conduct relationships

Because many social cognitive processes that operate automatically are biased in various ways, skillful communicators should monitor their messages for _________.

unintended effects

If Maryam accepts your invitation to dinner, what communication purpose was proven?

we communicate to meet social goals

The set of ideas about yourself that you are actively remembering at any given time is your ________ self-concept.

working