Intro Chapter 9 Review

about ___ of Americans identify themselves as homosexuals and almost ___ describe themselves as bisexual

6%, 8%

Outline of World Cultures

George Murdock states that all societies classify work by gender, not just the US

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

gender identity

a perception of ones self as either male or female

queer theory

an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that identifies Western society's rigid splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions the manner in which we have been taught to think about sexual orientation

bisexuals

attracted to members of both sexes

heterosexuals

attracted to people of the opposite sex

homosexuals

attracted to people of the same sex

transsexuals

born with one sex but choose to live their life as another sex

gender role

characteristics, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that society expects of males and females

verbal behavior

demands for sexual favors in exchange for promotion

civil unions

domestic partnerships, registered partnerships; legal in some states

Only women are affected by gender stratification.

false

secondary sex characteristics

height, muscularity, etc.

asexuals

lack interest in sex

nonverbal behavior

suggestive behaviors, gestures, or postures

sex

the biological characteristics with which we are born (chromosomes, anatomy, hormones)

physical contact

unwanted touching

before 1840

women were not allowed to own or control property

before 1920

women were not permitted to vote

examples of gender inequality

women who's names indicate their gender are more likely to experience online harassment, by third grade boys out perform girls in math and science while girls excel at reading, women tend to be elementary teachers while males are hired as professors

_____ have had same-sex sexual contact

18%

women typically only make ____ for every dollar a man makes

77 cents

Sociologists associate sexuality with ________.

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

sexual orientation

a preference for sexual partners of the same sex, opposite sex, or neither

According to national surveys, most American parents support which type of sex education program in school?

abstinence plus sexual safety

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":

all of the time, in everything we do

sexism

an attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex, usually women, based on assumed superiority of the other sex

sexual harassment

any unwanted sexual advance, request for sexual behaviors, or other conduct of a sexual nature

Compared to most Western societies, American sexual attitudes are considered _________.

conservative

Which of the following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism

before 1963

employers could legally pay a woman less than a man for the same work

gender stereotypes

expectations about how people will look, act, think, and feel based on their sex

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

functionalism

_____________ is/are an individual's self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles.

gender identity

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _________.

in early adolescence

same sex marriage

legal in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and DC

intersexuals

medical classification at birth is not clearly male or female

primary sex characteristics

the reproductive system

gender and politics

U.S. lags behind many other countries in women's political empowerment. in many important offices, only 1 in 4 decision makers are women

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

functionalism

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.

gender

queer theory focuses on...

mismatches between anatomical sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation, not just a division into male/female or homosexual/heterosexual

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside their assigned roles

gender stratification

peoples unequal access to wealth, power, status, prestige, and other valued resources

gender pay gap

refers to the income difference between males and females, it increases as the level of education attainment increases

biological determinism

the belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

gender

the social or cultural distinctions are associated with being male or females, attitudes and behaviors

social construction of sexuality

the way in which socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior shapes the way people see and experience sexuality

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered ____________.

transexual

doing gender

when people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them

before 1809

women could not execute a will

before 1973

women did not have the right to a safe and legal abortion

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded