intro to communications
What should be included in an introduction?
Gain attention, introduce the topic, credibility and relevance, and preview
triangle of meaning
a model of communication that indicates the relationship among a thought, symbol, and referent and highlights the indirect relationship between the symbol and the referent
dialectic
a relationship between two opposing concepts that constantly push and pull one another
Communication Accommodation Theory
a theory that explore why and how people modify their communication to fit situational, social, cultural, and relational contexts
Someone from the Midwest United States may sound different from someone from the southern United States. The difference in sound is referred to as a(n) _____.
accent
Audience analysis is one of the most important parts of speech development. Which of the following analyses should a presenter conduct?
all of the above
Avoiding persuasion is important when delivering an informative speech. What kind of words should be avoided?
all of the above
Communication accommodation theory states which of the following?
all of the above
Communication helps people meet needs. Which of the following needs are met by communication?
all of the above
code switching
changes in accent, dialect, or language
Jaycie wants to give a speech about the history of the telephone. What would be the best organizational pattern?
chronological
Jackson was in the park and saw someone drop her ice cream. Jackson quickly looked away and avoided making eye contact. What was Jackson experiencing?
civil inattention
a social norm that leads us to avoid making eye contact with people in situations that deviate from expected social norms, such as witnessing someone fall or being in close proximity to a stranger expressing negative emotions
civil inattention
_____ refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts.
communication competence
facts
conclusions based on direct observation or group consensus
What kind of definition is based on emotion and experience?
connotative
_____ refers to the setting in which communication takes place.
context
A primary function of nonverbal communication is to ____________ ______________ by reinforcing, substituting for, or contradicting verbal communication.
convey meaning
accents
distinct styles of pronunciation
The verbal and nonverbal messages received in response to communication are known as _____.
feedback
Emblems
gestures that have specific agreed on meaning
communication among three or more people interacting to achieve a shared goal
group communication
the study of touch
haptics
Joselin was using her hands to show the size of a ball. What type of nonverbal communication was Joselin using?
illustrator
gestures used to illustrate the verbal message they accompany
illustrators
Smiling, nodding, making eye contact are all ways to help develop rapport. They are known as _____.
immediacy behaviors
Nonverbal communication is also used to ____________ ______________ and regulate conversational flow.
influence others
This type of speech teaches the audience something by using factual, unbiased information.
informative
communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts
interaction model of communication
During a first date people learn about each other. They do this by engaging in _____ communication.
interpersonal
communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another
interpersonal communication
communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking
intrapersonal communication
What are the three main parts of a speech?
introduction, body, conclusion
the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements
kinesics
affective language
language used to express a person's feelings and create similar feelings in another person
Public social media posts are a form of _____ communication.
mass
communication transmitted to many people through print or electronic media
mass communication
supportive messages
messages communicated in an open, honest, and nonconfrontational way
orientation to time, meaning time is seen as a commodity that can be budgeted, saved, spent, and wasted
monochronic
slang
new or adapted words that are specific to a group, context, and/or time period
Chase develops a headache while in class. He has trouble focusing on the lecture because of the pain. The pain is considered _____ in the communication process.
noise
Mario was visited by his Japanese friend Riku. When Mario greeted Riku at the airport, Riku bowed and did not shake Mario's hand. This experience of nonverbal interaction occurred because Japan is a _____ culture.
non-contact
tie signs
nonverbal cues that communicate intimacy and signal the connection between two people
artifacts
objects and possessions that surround us
polychronic
orientation to time, meaning that appoints may be scheduled at overlapping times, making an orderly schedule impossible
a sender-focused form of communication in which one person is typically responsible for conveying information to an audience
public communication
We often want to end with a memorable message because the audience is likely to retain the last thing they heard. This is known as the _____.
recency effect
contact cultures
refers to cultural groups in which people stand closer together, engage in more eye contact, touch more frequently, and speak more loudly
noncontact culture
refers to cultural groups in which people stand farther apart while talking, making less eye contact, and touch less during regular interactions
denotation
refers to definitions that are accepted by the language group as a whole, or the dictionary definition of a word
connotation
refers to definitions that are based on emotion or experience based association people have with a word
An individual will typically interact differently with a friend than a parent. This is due to the history they share with each other. This is referred to as the _____ context.
relational
Perhaps even more important are the ways in which nonverbal communication functions as a central part of _______________ communication and _____________ expression.
relational ; identity
The person who encodes and transmits a message is the _____.
sender
To help guide your audience, use _____ to indicate where you are going and where you are in your speech.
signposts
People typically do not lie because of norms that guide communication. This is referred to as the _____ context.
social
symbol
something that stands in for or represents something else
Josiah started his speech by stating, "27.6 million! 27.6 million people! That is how many people do not have Internet, according to McNally." What strategy did Josiah use to gain his audience's attention?
statistics
_____ messages help bring people closer together.
supportive
When you say, "good night," the words that you use are referred to as _____, in which words represent an idea.
symbols
Oculesics
the study of eye behavior
proxemics
the study of how space and distance influence communication
Chronemics
the study of who time affects communication
Paralanguage
the vocalized but not verbal part of a spoken message, such as rate, volume, and pitch
What is a one-sentence summary of the central idea of a speech?
thesis
adaptors
touching behaviors and movements that indicate internal states typically related to arousal or anxiety
communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts
transactional model of communication
communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver
transmission model of communication
immediacy behaviors
verbal and nonverbal behaviors that lessen real or perceived physical or psychological distance between communicators and include things like smiling, nodding, making eye contact, and occasionally engaging in social, polite, or professional touch
_____ is the study of paralanguage
vocalics
the study of paralanguage, which includes the vocal qualities that go along with verbal messages, such as pitch, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers
vocalics