intro to communications

What should be included in an introduction?

Gain attention, introduce the topic, credibility and relevance, and preview

triangle of meaning

a model of communication that indicates the relationship among a thought, symbol, and referent and highlights the indirect relationship between the symbol and the referent

dialectic

a relationship between two opposing concepts that constantly push and pull one another

Communication Accommodation Theory

a theory that explore why and how people modify their communication to fit situational, social, cultural, and relational contexts

Someone from the Midwest United States may sound different from someone from the southern United States. The difference in sound is referred to as a(n) _____.

accent

Audience analysis is one of the most important parts of speech development. Which of the following analyses should a presenter conduct?

all of the above

Avoiding persuasion is important when delivering an informative speech. What kind of words should be avoided?

all of the above

Communication accommodation theory states which of the following?

all of the above

Communication helps people meet needs. Which of the following needs are met by communication?

all of the above

code switching

changes in accent, dialect, or language

Jaycie wants to give a speech about the history of the telephone. What would be the best organizational pattern?

chronological

Jackson was in the park and saw someone drop her ice cream. Jackson quickly looked away and avoided making eye contact. What was Jackson experiencing?

civil inattention

a social norm that leads us to avoid making eye contact with people in situations that deviate from expected social norms, such as witnessing someone fall or being in close proximity to a stranger expressing negative emotions

civil inattention

_____ refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts.

communication competence

facts

conclusions based on direct observation or group consensus

What kind of definition is based on emotion and experience?

connotative

_____ refers to the setting in which communication takes place.

context

A primary function of nonverbal communication is to ____________ ______________ by reinforcing, substituting for, or contradicting verbal communication.

convey meaning

accents

distinct styles of pronunciation

The verbal and nonverbal messages received in response to communication are known as _____.

feedback

Emblems

gestures that have specific agreed on meaning

communication among three or more people interacting to achieve a shared goal

group communication

the study of touch

haptics

Joselin was using her hands to show the size of a ball. What type of nonverbal communication was Joselin using?

illustrator

gestures used to illustrate the verbal message they accompany

illustrators

Smiling, nodding, making eye contact are all ways to help develop rapport. They are known as _____.

immediacy behaviors

Nonverbal communication is also used to ____________ ______________ and regulate conversational flow.

influence others

This type of speech teaches the audience something by using factual, unbiased information.

informative

communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts

interaction model of communication

During a first date people learn about each other. They do this by engaging in _____ communication.

interpersonal

communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another

interpersonal communication

communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking

intrapersonal communication

What are the three main parts of a speech?

introduction, body, conclusion

the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements

kinesics

affective language

language used to express a person's feelings and create similar feelings in another person

Public social media posts are a form of _____ communication.

mass

communication transmitted to many people through print or electronic media

mass communication

supportive messages

messages communicated in an open, honest, and nonconfrontational way

orientation to time, meaning time is seen as a commodity that can be budgeted, saved, spent, and wasted

monochronic

slang

new or adapted words that are specific to a group, context, and/or time period

Chase develops a headache while in class. He has trouble focusing on the lecture because of the pain. The pain is considered _____ in the communication process.

noise

Mario was visited by his Japanese friend Riku. When Mario greeted Riku at the airport, Riku bowed and did not shake Mario's hand. This experience of nonverbal interaction occurred because Japan is a _____ culture.

non-contact

tie signs

nonverbal cues that communicate intimacy and signal the connection between two people

artifacts

objects and possessions that surround us

polychronic

orientation to time, meaning that appoints may be scheduled at overlapping times, making an orderly schedule impossible

a sender-focused form of communication in which one person is typically responsible for conveying information to an audience

public communication

We often want to end with a memorable message because the audience is likely to retain the last thing they heard. This is known as the _____.

recency effect

contact cultures

refers to cultural groups in which people stand closer together, engage in more eye contact, touch more frequently, and speak more loudly

noncontact culture

refers to cultural groups in which people stand farther apart while talking, making less eye contact, and touch less during regular interactions

denotation

refers to definitions that are accepted by the language group as a whole, or the dictionary definition of a word

connotation

refers to definitions that are based on emotion or experience based association people have with a word

An individual will typically interact differently with a friend than a parent. This is due to the history they share with each other. This is referred to as the _____ context.

relational

Perhaps even more important are the ways in which nonverbal communication functions as a central part of _______________ communication and _____________ expression.

relational ; identity

The person who encodes and transmits a message is the _____.

sender

To help guide your audience, use _____ to indicate where you are going and where you are in your speech.

signposts

People typically do not lie because of norms that guide communication. This is referred to as the _____ context.

social

symbol

something that stands in for or represents something else

Josiah started his speech by stating, "27.6 million! 27.6 million people! That is how many people do not have Internet, according to McNally." What strategy did Josiah use to gain his audience's attention?

statistics

_____ messages help bring people closer together.

supportive

When you say, "good night," the words that you use are referred to as _____, in which words represent an idea.

symbols

Oculesics

the study of eye behavior

proxemics

the study of how space and distance influence communication

Chronemics

the study of who time affects communication

Paralanguage

the vocalized but not verbal part of a spoken message, such as rate, volume, and pitch

What is a one-sentence summary of the central idea of a speech?

thesis

adaptors

touching behaviors and movements that indicate internal states typically related to arousal or anxiety

communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts

transactional model of communication

communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver

transmission model of communication

immediacy behaviors

verbal and nonverbal behaviors that lessen real or perceived physical or psychological distance between communicators and include things like smiling, nodding, making eye contact, and occasionally engaging in social, polite, or professional touch

_____ is the study of paralanguage

vocalics

the study of paralanguage, which includes the vocal qualities that go along with verbal messages, such as pitch, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers

vocalics