Introduction to Aviation: Unit 2

Which of the following represents a contribution Greek myths made to civilization today?

Inspiration for human flight

In 2-3 sentences, explain how gliders produce lift even though they do not have engines.

A glider produces thrust by converting potential energy into kinetic energy. A glider starts its flight from a high altitude. As the glider falls, its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy that increases the glider's speed.

Which type of aircraft performs best with a symmetrical airfoil?

Aerobatic aircraft

For modern day gliders, what does Bernoulli's Principle demonstrate?

Air moves faster over the top of the wing than air moving below the wing. This creates an area of low pressure on top of the wing, which lifts the glider up.

Why is air density important when using hot air balloons?

As air inside the balloon gets warmer, the density of the air in the balloon decreases, causing it to rise.

What are the main parts of a hot air balloon?

Basket, burner, and envelope

How does a hot air balloon control its direction in flight?

By using the wind at various altitudes to fly to desired locations

In early aviation research, which was the most important contribution of Sir George Cayley?

Described the underlying principles and forces of flight

Joseph-Michel Montgolfier and Jacques-Etlenne Montgolfier were famous for which of the following inventions?

First manned hot air balloon

Which is an aircraft whose flight does not depend principally on an engine?

Glider

Which was Leonardo da Vinci's greatest contribution to modern aviation?

He described flight similar to that of birds.

In 2-3 sentences, explain how hot air balloons create lift.

Hot air balloons experience lift due to Archimedes' Principle because hot air is less dense and thus more buoyant than cooler air. This makes the hot air balloon buoyant causing it to rise.

According to Greek mythology, which was the outcome of the story about Daedalus and his son Icarus?

It describes how they escaped from prison using wings made of feathers and wax.

What is the purpose of the burner of a hot air balloon?

It heats the air inside the balloon causing it to rise.

Describe several of da Vinci's lasting impacts on aviation.

Leonardo da Vinci recorded observations and concepts that helped develop successful airplanes in the early twentieth century. He discussed concepts like the center of gravity and the center of pressure on a bird's wing. He also foreshadowed the modern concept of stall.

In 2-3 sentences, explain how ancient Greek stories contributed to modern aviation.

The Greek story has been passed down from generation. It being passed down brought the generations inspiration to experiment with aviation.

In 2-3 sentences, explain how the Wright brothers used the engineering practices to successfully achieve flight when other engineers failed.

The Wright brothers started by defining their problem. By understanding that controlling their aircraft was the hardest challenge, they knew what question to focus their engines on. They then continued to study designs from other flyers to understand why they weren't successful.

What does the camber of an airfoil refer to?

The curve of the wing

Which statement accurately portrays the Wright Brothers?

They approached problems systematically and methodically, controlling all other variables.

Why did the Wright brothers include a rudder in their airplane design?

To prevent the glider from spinning out of control.

Which of the following best explains why wind tunnels are used in testing the design of aircraft? 999999

To test scale models of airfoils and aircraft

In 2-3 sentences, explain what the Wright brothers learned from building a wind tunnel.

Using the wind tunnels they were able to measure the lift and drag because they weren't happy with Otto Lilienthal's works.

What part of a bird most resembles the propeller on an aircraft?

Wings

Both the Wright brothers and Leonardo da Vinci based their theories of flight from observations of _______.

animals in flight

Hot air balloons rise because warm air in the balloon _______, lifting the balloon.

becomes less dense

______ is the ability or tendency to float in air, in water, or other fluid.

buoyancy

Which concepts best illustrate the mechanic of flying a hot air balloon?

density and buoyancy

As a scientists, inventor and engineer, Leonardo da Vinci used a methodical approach to study topics, including

drew precise illustrations with detailed descriptions about the subject.

When the four forces of flight are balanced, the flying object is said to have ________.

equilibrium

Leonardo da Vinci's flying machine, the ornithopter, was an invention that _______

flapped its wings like a bird

Birds generate _______ by flapping their wings.

lift and thrust

Movement of a wing through the air creates _______ on the top of the wing as compared to the bottom of the wing, allowing for lift.

lower pressure

A hot air balloon rises when

the less dense air inside the balloon causes the balloon to be lifted off the ground.

A pilot descends a hot air balloon by allowing air to escape through _________.

the parachute valve

True or False? The buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the object.

true