IS 310 Chapter 7 Vocab
Speaker Dependent
A Speech-recognition system that must be "trained" to recognize the sound of human speakers
Cathode Ray Tube
An enclosed glass vacuum tube with an electron gun in the rear that generates a stream of electrons focused in a narrow beam towards the tube's front surface.
Sound Card
An expansion card that connects to the system bus that at a minimun, includes ADC, DAC, low-power amplifier and connectors (jacks) for a microphone and speaker/headphones
Digital Signal Processor
microprocessor specialized for continuous streams of audio or graphical devices
Dot Matrix Paper
moves a print head containing a matrix of pins over the paper
Light Emitting Diodes
new form of Flat Panel Display
Refresh Rate
number of refresh cycles per second. Normally stated in Hertz
Direct3D
part of Microsoft DirectX suite Embedded in Windows OS
Sampling
process of converting analog sound waves to digital representation
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
standard for storing and transporting control information between computers and electronic musical instruments
bitmap
stored set of numbers describing the content of all pixels in an image
Scanning Lasers
used to detect bars that bar-code readers use; sweep a narrow laser beam back and forth across the barcode
active matrix display
uses one or more transistors for every pixel
OpenGL
Developed by Silicon Graphics but Khronos Group now maintains as an open standard
Audio Response Unit
Device that generates spoken messages based on text input
Optical Character Recognition
Devices combine optical-scanning technology with a special-purpose processor or software to interpret bitmap content
Video Random Access Memory
Different from RAM because it can be written by the bus interfaced circuitry or video processor while being read by display Generator Circuitry
Monochrome
Display one of two colors, so it requires only 1 bit per pixel
Resolution
Display the number of pixels per linear measurement unit
Keyboard Controller
Integrated microprocessor used to generate bitstream outputs
Subtractive Colors
Inverse of additive colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow)
Image Description Language
Language that symbolically describes the content of a printed or displayed image
RGB
Refers to primary colors for video display (Red Green Blue)
Large-Format Printer
Replaced "plotter"
Palette
Table of Colors
Monitors
Video Display Panels
Speech Synthesis
Vocal sounds (phonemes) stored in system and character outputs that are sent to a processor in the output unit, assembles corresponding groups of pheonemes to generate synthetic speech
Half-Toning
gray-scale dithering
Portable Document Format
A super-set of PostScript that allows for distributing of compressed documents with the author's compete control over the format of the printed and displayed document, regardless of the end user's computer, OS, or printer
Analog To Digital Converter
Accepts a continuous electrical signal representing sound (ie: microphone), samples it at regular intervals and outputs a stream of bits representing the samples
CMY
Cyanide-Magenta-Yellow. Abbreviation for the subtractive colors
CMYK
Four-dye scheme. Adds a separate Black Dye with CMY
Input Pads
General class of input devices such as tables/tablet PCs
Polyphonic
Multifrequency sound generation
Monophonic
Output only one frequency (note) can be generated at a time
Plotter
Printer that generates line drawings on wide sheets or rolls of paper
Dithering
Process that generates color approximations by placing small dots of different colors in an interlocking pattern
Dual-Porting
Simultaneous read/write capability
Point
Standard pixel size for 1/72 of an inch
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
achieve high-quality display with organic compounds
PostScript
an IDL designed mainly for printed documents, can also be used to generate video displayed outputs.
Grayscale
display that can be black, white, and many shades of grey in between
Font
Collection of characters of similar style and appearance
Plasma Display
Combines elements of CRT and LCD Technology
Joint Photographic Experts Group
Common bitmap compression format
Video Controller
Connected to a port on the system bus or dedicated video bus and connected to a monitor
Photosensor
Converts incoming light energy into outgoing electrical energy
Video Display Terminal
First computer video display devices, introduced in 1960s, consisted of integrated keyboard and TV screens
Optical Scanner
Generates bitmap representations of printed images
Vector
Line segment with specific angle and length in relation to point of origin
Laser Printer
Operates with electrical charge and attraction of ink to this charge
Digital to Analog Converter
Reverse transformation, accepting streams of bits representing sound samples and generating continuous electrical signal that can be amplified and routed to a speaker.
Chromatic Resolution
Same as Chromatic Depth
Mark Sensor
Scans for light or dark marks at specific locations on a page
Vector list
Series of concatenated or linked vectors that can be used to construct complex shapes (Boxes, Triangles, Inner/outer lines of table, Spreadsheet)
Pheonemes
Series of sounds that roughly correspond to the sounds of each letter of the alphabet
Passive Matrix Display
Shares transistors among rows and columns of pixels
24-bit color
a coding method that represents a color as three 8-bit numbers, one for the intensity of each additive or subtractive color
Graphic Interchange Format
common bitmap compression format
Digitizer
consists of a digitizing tablet and pen, stylus, or both
Bar Code
contains a series of vertical bars of equal length but varied in thickness and spacing
Liquid Crystal Display
contains matrix of liquid crystals sandwiched between two polarizing filter panels that block all light except light approaching from specific angle
Bar-Code Scanner
detects specific patterns of bars or boxes
Pixel
each cell in video matrix that represents one part of an image
Refresh Cycle
each transfer of a full screen of data from the display generator to the monitor
Inkjet Printer
places liquid ink directly on a printer
Cursor
pointer on a display case
Flat Panel Displays
replaced CRT because -thinner -higher quality image -consumes less power
Chromatic Depth
the number of distinct colors or gray shades that can be displayed
Thin Film Transistor
transistor embedded within a device such as display surface and constructed using semiconductor fabrication technology
additive colors
video display colors (Colors are Red Green and Blue)