IS 310 Chapter 7 Vocab

Speaker Dependent

A Speech-recognition system that must be "trained" to recognize the sound of human speakers

Cathode Ray Tube

An enclosed glass vacuum tube with an electron gun in the rear that generates a stream of electrons focused in a narrow beam towards the tube's front surface.

Sound Card

An expansion card that connects to the system bus that at a minimun, includes ADC, DAC, low-power amplifier and connectors (jacks) for a microphone and speaker/headphones

Digital Signal Processor

microprocessor specialized for continuous streams of audio or graphical devices

Dot Matrix Paper

moves a print head containing a matrix of pins over the paper

Light Emitting Diodes

new form of Flat Panel Display

Refresh Rate

number of refresh cycles per second. Normally stated in Hertz

Direct3D

part of Microsoft DirectX suite Embedded in Windows OS

Sampling

process of converting analog sound waves to digital representation

Musical Instrument Digital Interface

standard for storing and transporting control information between computers and electronic musical instruments

bitmap

stored set of numbers describing the content of all pixels in an image

Scanning Lasers

used to detect bars that bar-code readers use; sweep a narrow laser beam back and forth across the barcode

active matrix display

uses one or more transistors for every pixel

OpenGL

Developed by Silicon Graphics but Khronos Group now maintains as an open standard

Audio Response Unit

Device that generates spoken messages based on text input

Optical Character Recognition

Devices combine optical-scanning technology with a special-purpose processor or software to interpret bitmap content

Video Random Access Memory

Different from RAM because it can be written by the bus interfaced circuitry or video processor while being read by display Generator Circuitry

Monochrome

Display one of two colors, so it requires only 1 bit per pixel

Resolution

Display the number of pixels per linear measurement unit

Keyboard Controller

Integrated microprocessor used to generate bitstream outputs

Subtractive Colors

Inverse of additive colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow)

Image Description Language

Language that symbolically describes the content of a printed or displayed image

RGB

Refers to primary colors for video display (Red Green Blue)

Large-Format Printer

Replaced "plotter"

Palette

Table of Colors

Monitors

Video Display Panels

Speech Synthesis

Vocal sounds (phonemes) stored in system and character outputs that are sent to a processor in the output unit, assembles corresponding groups of pheonemes to generate synthetic speech

Half-Toning

gray-scale dithering

Portable Document Format

A super-set of PostScript that allows for distributing of compressed documents with the author's compete control over the format of the printed and displayed document, regardless of the end user's computer, OS, or printer

Analog To Digital Converter

Accepts a continuous electrical signal representing sound (ie: microphone), samples it at regular intervals and outputs a stream of bits representing the samples

CMY

Cyanide-Magenta-Yellow. Abbreviation for the subtractive colors

CMYK

Four-dye scheme. Adds a separate Black Dye with CMY

Input Pads

General class of input devices such as tables/tablet PCs

Polyphonic

Multifrequency sound generation

Monophonic

Output only one frequency (note) can be generated at a time

Plotter

Printer that generates line drawings on wide sheets or rolls of paper

Dithering

Process that generates color approximations by placing small dots of different colors in an interlocking pattern

Dual-Porting

Simultaneous read/write capability

Point

Standard pixel size for 1/72 of an inch

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

achieve high-quality display with organic compounds

PostScript

an IDL designed mainly for printed documents, can also be used to generate video displayed outputs.

Grayscale

display that can be black, white, and many shades of grey in between

Font

Collection of characters of similar style and appearance

Plasma Display

Combines elements of CRT and LCD Technology

Joint Photographic Experts Group

Common bitmap compression format

Video Controller

Connected to a port on the system bus or dedicated video bus and connected to a monitor

Photosensor

Converts incoming light energy into outgoing electrical energy

Video Display Terminal

First computer video display devices, introduced in 1960s, consisted of integrated keyboard and TV screens

Optical Scanner

Generates bitmap representations of printed images

Vector

Line segment with specific angle and length in relation to point of origin

Laser Printer

Operates with electrical charge and attraction of ink to this charge

Digital to Analog Converter

Reverse transformation, accepting streams of bits representing sound samples and generating continuous electrical signal that can be amplified and routed to a speaker.

Chromatic Resolution

Same as Chromatic Depth

Mark Sensor

Scans for light or dark marks at specific locations on a page

Vector list

Series of concatenated or linked vectors that can be used to construct complex shapes (Boxes, Triangles, Inner/outer lines of table, Spreadsheet)

Pheonemes

Series of sounds that roughly correspond to the sounds of each letter of the alphabet

Passive Matrix Display

Shares transistors among rows and columns of pixels

24-bit color

a coding method that represents a color as three 8-bit numbers, one for the intensity of each additive or subtractive color

Graphic Interchange Format

common bitmap compression format

Digitizer

consists of a digitizing tablet and pen, stylus, or both

Bar Code

contains a series of vertical bars of equal length but varied in thickness and spacing

Liquid Crystal Display

contains matrix of liquid crystals sandwiched between two polarizing filter panels that block all light except light approaching from specific angle

Bar-Code Scanner

detects specific patterns of bars or boxes

Pixel

each cell in video matrix that represents one part of an image

Refresh Cycle

each transfer of a full screen of data from the display generator to the monitor

Inkjet Printer

places liquid ink directly on a printer

Cursor

pointer on a display case

Flat Panel Displays

replaced CRT because -thinner -higher quality image -consumes less power

Chromatic Depth

the number of distinct colors or gray shades that can be displayed

Thin Film Transistor

transistor embedded within a device such as display surface and constructed using semiconductor fabrication technology

additive colors

video display colors (Colors are Red Green and Blue)