ISM - Ecommerce

Which of the following statements about Gantt charts is true?

Gantt charts are designed for internal stakeholders, not external ones. A Gantt chart displays a critical path for project completion.A Gantt chart displays a critical path for project completion.

Which of the following statements about Gantt charts is true?

Gantt charts are designed for internal stakeholders, not external ones. A Gantt chart displays a critical path for project completion.

Four phases of project management

1. Initiation 2. Planning 3. Execution 4. Closure (close down)

ERP systems help organizations improve operational efficiency in which 3 of the following ways? Access to data Customizable Centralized database Low Start-up cost

Access to data Customizable Centralized database

Attributes that allow firms to provide goods and services with higher perceived values than their competitors are referred to as competitive

Advantage

How many types of dependencies or relationships among activities in a project? Multiple choice question. 3 4 5 6

4

Because it can be completed without the use of statistical analysis software, the _ Whys is a popular method that is used to assess the underlying cause of a problem or to better understand the different causes of a problem.

5

In 1979, Professor Michael E. Porter published "How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy" in the Harvard Business Review. In this paper, he described factors that impact businesses. The became known as Porter's forces.

5

To assist project managers with determining and evaluating potential risk, the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) identifies ________ processes.

6

We Are Social gathers a number of statistics about the proliferation of e-commerce across the globe. They compiled data on the percentage of global Internet users aged 16-64 that participated in e-commerce activities. According to their data ____ % of Internet users aged 16-64 visited an online retail store on the web.

90

Three advantages of building a Gantt chart are: A Gantt chart highlights decision points in a project. A Gantt chart provides a framework to develop PERT Unlike a flowchart, a Gantt chart shows estimated timelines A Gantt chart provides a visual display of concurrent processes

A Gantt chart provides a framework to develop PERT Unlike a flowchart, a Gantt chart shows estimated timelines A Gantt chart provides a visual display of concurrent processes

Three advantages of building a Gantt chart are: A Gantt chart provides a visual display of concurrent processes A Gantt chart provides a framework to develop PERT Unlike a flowchart, a Gantt chart shows estimated timelines A Gantt chart highlights decision points in a project.

A Gantt chart provides a visual display of concurrent processes A Gantt chart provides a framework to develop PERT Unlike a flowchart, a Gantt chart shows estimated timelines

Select the true statements about the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. Allows for many variables or conditions to be considered and prioritized, resulting in the selection of the best alternatives or projects. AHP was first developed by Brian Sylvester, and is a multi-criteria programming model. A multi-criteria programming model that uses an analytical hierarchy process for decision making. Intricate situations and scenarios are analyzed by deconstructing the problem into a visible hierarchy that can be analyzed through comparison.

Allows for many variables or conditions to be considered and prioritized, resulting in the selection of the best alternatives or projects. A multi-criteria programming model that uses an analytical hierarchy process for decision making. Intricate situations and scenarios are analyzed by deconstructing the problem into a visible hierarchy that can be analyzed through comparison.

Which of the following is an example of a benefit of integrating project management software into enterprise resource planning software? More than one answer may be correct. An executive wants to be able to keep track of all projects that his team is responsible for without having to wait for reports or updates from team members. A team lead wants to make sure the work for a project that is divided into phases is equally divided among all team members. Communications can be centralized in one place. Integration allows a manager to determine how long a project will take.

An executive wants to be able to keep track of all projects that his team is responsible for without having to wait for reports or updates from team members. A team lead wants to make sure the work for a project that is divided into phases is equally divided among all team members. Communications can be centralized in one place.

One of the first computer-aided design programs ever developed was also among the first to be integrated into ERP systems. This popular program is ___ . CAD-illac CADdie AutoCAD BarCAD

AutoCAD

Includes information on the way various psychic states including beliefs, desires, and opportunities about the operating environment are formed. Refers to how the psychic states translate into action by the organization. Explains the methods used to measure and monitor the belief and action steps of the BAO framework.

Belief Formation Action Formation Outcome Terminology

When managers choose between alternatives, they often compare alternatives against selection criteria which may include which of following?

Benefiits Advantages Costs

Porter's generic business strategies fall into two separate categories, either price leadership, or product differentiation. He showed that these two strategies could be used in which two market types? Broad markets International markets Niche markets Local markets

Broad Markets Niche Markets

Select the true statements regarding project crashing. Multiple select question. The PERT focuses on minimizing costs rather than minimizing project completion time. Project crashing provides program managers with a system to minimize safety risks by increasing awareness. By reducing the duration of the most demanding activities on the critical path, the PM can expedite the entire project. Project crashing usually requires applying additional resources to critical activities and results in increased costs.

By reducing the duration of the most demanding activities on the critical path, the PM can expedite the entire project. Project crashing usually requires applying additional resources to critical activities and results in increased costs.

Of the following software packages integrated into an enterprise resource planning system, which one is used by engineers in the design process?

CAD Software

A cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool used to analyze the costs associated with implementing a project or set of activities and the benefits that can be achieved as a result of the implementation. Which of the following would be considered costs when conducting a cost-benefit analysis? Capital outlays Hiring costs Differentiated costs Management costs

Capital outlays Hiring Costs Management Costs

The real value of a Monte simulation is that it displays to the client and to the project planner the degree of uncertainty that is involved with any project.

Carlo

Which of the following are considered financial outcomes/measures?

Choice Revenue , Choice Return on Investment (ROI) , Choice Cashflow

Which of the following performance areas are commonly observed by middle managers and operational managers?

Choice Sales , Choice Employee performance , Choice Adherence to organizational guidelines

Intelligence Design Choice Implementation

Choice This stage includes the discovery, identification, and cognition of the problems an organization is experiencing. Managers often ask, "What is the problem?" in this stage. This process includes the identification and exploration of the solutions to a problem. Managers often ask, "What are the possible solutions?" Choice In this stage identified alternatives are considered, measured, and eventually the most viable solution is selected. Managers often ask, "What is the best solution?" This stage involves choosing a solution from all identified alternatives, executing the solution, and monitoring the solution to ensure it is working.

A variety of Management Information Systems (MIS) and the reports they provide are used to assist in making structured decisions. Which of the following are common reports provided by MIS? Forecasting reports Production reports Exception reports Network reports

Forecasting reports Production reports Exception reports

Benefits of Cloud-based ERP, over on-premises ERP solutions, include which 3 of the following? Cloud-based options provide more control over on-premises ERP solutions. Cloud-based ERP allows organizations to access reports from remote locations. They have lower IT infrastructure expenses. Organizations using cloud-based ERP have reduced IT labor expenses.

Cloud-based ERP allows organizations to access reports from remote locations. They have lower IT infrastructure expenses. Organizations using cloud-based ERP have reduced IT labor expenses.

Ensuring that the information being used to make informed business decisions is accurate and of high quality is critical in today's business environment. Which of the following are common characteristics of information quality?

Consistency Completeness Validity

Which of the following should be considered when evaluating alternatives? Costs Variability Similarity Disadvantages

Costs Disadvantage

The adjustment of an organization's product or service offerings based on an individual's preferences or past buying behavior is referred to as e-commerce

Customization

Validity

Data collection methodologies and techniques should be valid. Data should be in the correct format and collected using legitimate techniques.

Completeness

Data is well-structured and includes all elements that were intended to be collected.

Relevance

Data to be collected should be useful to the organization. Data should be relevant and usable. There is no need to collect data just for the sake of collecting it.

Put the steps used for multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in the correct order.

Describe the context Identify Various Options Identify and select objectives and criterion. Measure each criterion. Calculate the values.

Flowchart Arrow (Connector)

Directional progress, flow itself. Shows relationships between the representative shapes.

Today's Behavioral scientists have created behavioral models that identify actual management behaviors. Based on their observations, researchers offer a set of five management attributes. Which of the following are contemporary management behaviors? Lack of technological knowledge Fragmented activities Currency of information Perform work at a fast pace

Fragmented activities Currency of information Perform work at a fast pace

A horizontal bar chart commonly used by PMs that shows project activities on the Y-axis and time on the X-axis is called a ___.

GANTT Chart

Select three true statements regarding earned value management (EVM). Earned value multiplies the percentage of completion of each activity on the PERT network chart by the total value of the completed activity. EVM was originally called PERT/COST because it enters cost data into the PERT network chart to evaluate a project's efficacy. Earned value management (EVM) tracks what is called the project "triangle" of scope, time, and costs. EVM can be conducted with relatively simple software such as the templates provided with Microsoft Excel.

EVM was originally called PERT/COST because it enters cost data into the PERT network chart to evaluate a project's efficacy. Earned value management (EVM) tracks what is called the project "triangle" of scope, time, and costs. Earned value multiplies the percentage of completion of each activity on the PERT network chart by the total value of the completed activity.

Data mining information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics can provide insight into regional employment figures. This illustrates how data analysis can be used to examine which factor of the PESTEL analysis? Political Environmental Economic Legal Need help? Review these concept resources.

Economic

Most HRM modules provide a structured dashboard that provides information to managers including information such as which 3 of the following? Employee environmental controls Employee compensation Employee performance review status Employee absences or leaves

Employee compensation Employee performance review status Employee absences or leaves

Project Planner

Ensures that the client understands the project cost and timeline

Project Portfolio Manager

Ensures that the firm only accepts the right projects.

Corporate-level managers/executives are responsible for making decisions that impact profitability and the short-term and long-term success of an organization. In order to get the information they need, managers rely on output provided from ____. These systems are developed by creating a procedure for uncovering precisely what performance metrics are important to assist in making management decisions and what resources are needed to develop these systems. Management Information Systems (MIS) Database Management Systems (DBMS) Executive Support Systems (ESS) Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Executive Support Systems (ESS)

One activity must be accomplished before the dependent activity can be started. Activities can be accomplished independently of each other, but both must be completed in order for the project to be completed. One activity cannot begin until another has begun One activity is not considered complete until the next task has been started.

FS FF SS SF

Select the true statements about management filters. Filters allow managers the ability to search the specific type of data that is needed for a specific decision. Filters eliminate any decision making based on intuition. Management filters are provided by many project management software applications. Filters are often predefined by the organization and are designed to eliminate the time-consuming task of searching through large volumes of data.

Filters allow managers the ability to search the specific type of data that is needed for a specific decision. Management filters are provided by many project management software applications. Filters are often predefined by the organization and are designed to eliminate the time-consuming task of searching through large volumes of data.

M-commerce continues to see expansion into a variety of different business sectors. The business sectors m-commerce has had the biggest impact on include which of the following? Retail Sales Financial Services Real Estate Sales Healthcare

Financial Services Retail Sales Healthcare

Project manager

Focuses on completing the project correctly.

Select the true statement regarding a Gantt chart. A Gantt chart uses ovals to depict the start and finish point of a project. A process is displayed using a rectangle in a Gantt chart. A Gantt chart displays a critical path for project completion. Gantt charts are primarily designed for internal stakeholders rather than external stakeholders.

Gantt charts are primarily designed for internal stakeholders rather than external stakeholders.

Also known as geo-targeting, it is a type of advertising where advertisements are delivered based on a user's geographic location

Geoadvertising

Information about geographic locations that is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).

Geodata

ERP software integrates several software packages into a single platform. An example of one of these software packages is ___ software, that stores employee compensation and performance information.

HRM

Because employee education and training are so critical in ensuring that all employees can participate in Lean manufacturing processes, ___ systems play a key role in Lean implementation. Supply Chain Management Customer Relationship Management Project Management Human Resources Management

Human Resources Management

When investigating solutions, acquaint yourself with what you know and don't know. Consider the information you already have, consider what additional information you need. When designing a solution, you should consider other possible plans or ways to overcome the problem. Creating multiple plans (Plan A, Plan B, Plan C, etc.) helps to visualize all possible solutions. Includes the analysis of the money, time, effort, and essentially anything expended when implementing a solution.

Identify what you know and don't know Consider all outcomes Allocation of Resources

ERP systems can be integrated with financial management systems to provide centralized access and management of financial data. The benefits of this type of integration include which 3 of the following? Improved visibility The ability to generate financial reports Structured compliance architecture Creates an environment where demand and supply collaboratively interact

Improved visibility The ability to generate financial reports Structured compliance architecture

Information density is the total amount of information as well as the quality of information available to all individuals in a market including customers and stakeholders. E-commerce technologies help to reduce the costs associated with which of following? a) Information selection b) Communication c) Information Processing d) Presence

Information Selection Communication

With accounting management software, organizations can not only structure basic accounting information, but track a variety of other resources including which 2 of the following? Supply chain resources Intangible assets Tangible assets Customer relationships

Intangible assets Tangible assets

Advantages of integrating project management software into an enterprise resource planning system include which 3 of the following? Integration provides a centralized location where data is stored and easily retrieved, allowing management to review planning, management, and analysis of an organization's project. Integration allows for projects to be divided into phases, subprojects, and tasks to make data analysis and project monitoring easier. Integration provides management with the ability to assign project management tasks and responsibilities. Integration ensures compliance with ISO 9001 requirements allowing project managers to compete projects in many parts of Europe.

Integration provides a centralized location where data is stored and easily retrieved, allowing management to review planning, management, and analysis of an organization's project. Integration allows for projects to be divided into phases, subprojects, and tasks to make data analysis and project monitoring easier. Integration provides management with the ability to assign project management tasks and responsibilities.

Many decisions required a multistep process. In order to better identify and to simplify the decision-making process, Herbert Simon created a four-stage approach to decision making. Put the steps of the decision-making process in the correct order.

Intelligence Design Choice Implementation

According to Mintzberg, there are three categories of management roles. One of these categories is roles where managers represent their business to stakeholders outside the organization and perform a number of figurative responsibilities such as communicating with the public and recognizing employee performance.

Interpersonal

Henry Mintzberg, a Canadian researcher on management and business, classifies management roles into three categories. Which of the following are the three categories identified by Mintzberg? Structural roles Interpersonal roles Decisional roles Informational roles

Interpersonal roles Decisional roles Informational roles

Information management systems that help to ensure that a minimal number of product touches occur from product creation to customer purchase are known as ___ systems.

Inventory Management

Of the decisions/activities listed, which would be considered structured decisions? Development of a marketing plan Inventory decisions Payroll and overtime decisions Market entry decisions

Inventory decisions Payroll and overtime decisions

Which of the following is a benefit to using a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the likelihood of a project completion date?

It forces the project manager to realistically evaluate crtical tasks' duration.

A manufacturing and inventory management practice that gained popularity in the 1980s was known as -in-time (JIT) manufacturing and inventory management.A manufacturing and inventory management practice that gained popularity in the 1980s was known as

Just

A manufacturing and inventory management practice that gained popularity in the 1980s was known as -in-time (JIT) manufacturing and inventory management.

Just

Because of its significant challenges during supply disruptions that occur during natural disasters (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), ___ has lost much of its popularity.

Just-In-Time

The PMBOK identifies six processes that project managers can use to assess risks. PMBOK stands for project management body of

Knowledge

Actively encouraging any employee to halt production if a manufacturing error or safety risk is observed is part of the training associated with ___ .

Lean Manufacturing

Users often find it difficult to implement or even comprehend a new ERP system without significant training because of ERPs' steep reading levels. learning curves. pricing structures. entry programs.

Learning Curve

In a PESTEL analysis managers examine ___ factors.

Legal

The term _____ was first used in 1997 by Kevin Duffy and refers to e-commerce transactions (buying and selling goods and services) that are executed using wireless mobile devices including smartphones and tablet computers. Multiple choice question. C-commerce M-commerce Re-commerce E-commerce

M-commerce

Disadvantages of implementing an ERP system include which 3 of the following? Maintenance costs Poor access to data Steep learning curve High costs

Maintenance costs Steep learning curve High costs

Select 2 programs that can be used to construct relatively simple Gantt charts. Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Apple Pages Apple Numbers

Microsoft Excel Apple Numbers

Because it is more responsible for PMs to tell clients the likelihood of a project's completion on a certain date than to simply state when the project will be completed, some PMs use a ___.

Monte Carlo simulation

Today's Behavioral scientists have created behavioral models that identify actual management behaviors. Based on their observations, researchers offer a set of five management attributes. Which of the following are contemporary management behaviors? Oral communication Diversity of contacts with the organization Perform work at a slow methodical pace Currency of information

Oral communication Diversity of contacts with the organization Currency of information

By displaying activities with slack, a ___ allows project managers to direct resources to more critical activities, speeding the completion of the entire project.

PERT

If required, a PERT network chart would be developed in the __ phase of a project. bracket flowchart program evaluation and review technique (PERT) Punnett square

PERT

Managers use different methodologies and tools to evaluate external opportunities and threats. One popular process examines the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal issues facing an organization and is referred to as a analysis.

PESTEL

There are a number of different business software applications that can be integrated with an ERP system. Select 3 commonly included application modules. CMOS PM BI CRM

PM BI CRM

Software that businesses use to manage activities in both the internal and external operational environment is known as Enterprise Resource

Planning

Put the steps of the development process for an e-commerce strategy that a start-up company might go through in the correct order. Start with Web Planning first.

Planning Web Development Implementation Social Media Plan Social Media Implementation Mobile Platform Planning and Implementation

An e-commerce presence map is an illustration of the various touchpoints where current customers, potential customers, and stakeholders can be influenced by e-commerce activities. What are the three areas that are covered on an e-commerce presence map? The Platform The Cost The Activity Type of presence

Presence Platform Activity

Porter's 5 Forces include existing competitors, new competitors, and which 3 of the following? customers opportunities substitutes suppliers

Suppliers Customers Substitutes Plus existing competitiors and new competitors

A project is temporary in it's nature and is undertaken to achieve a goal. To be a goal it must meet the S.M.A.R.T. criteria. The R stands for ___ .

Realistic

In the initiation phase of project management, the client and project manager determine if the project is SMART. What does the R in SMART refer to?

Realistic SMART - Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Timely

As with all goals, projects should meet the S.M.A.R.T. criteria; that is, the project must have a specific objective (S), progress must be measurable (M), as well as which 3 of the following?

Realistic (R) Time-based Attainable (A)

In his book, The Machine That Changed the World, Dr. James Womack of M.I.T. specified the five tenets of Lean manufacturing. These include, specifying the value of each product with precision, identifying how each product acquires its value (the value stream), and which 3 other principles? Relentlessly pursuing perfection. Focusing on a differentiation strategy while seeking price leadership. Ensuring that the value flows to the product without interruption. Allowing customers to pull increased value from the producer.

Relentlessly pursuing perfection. Focusing on a differentiation strategy while seeking price leadership. Ensuring that the value flows to the product without interruption. Allowing customers to pull increased value from the producer.

Enterprise planning (ERP) is a software that businesses use to manage activities in both the internal and external operational environment.

Resource

Because of its focus on reducing variation to eliminate product defects, which process methodology relies most heavily upon data analysis?

Six Sigma

During the Measure and Analyze steps of the ___ procedure, collecting data and using data analytics are essential.

Six Sigma

Techniques that seek to reduce variance in output to less than 3.4 errors per 1,000,000 manufacturing steps are referred to as ___.

Six Sigma

MIS tools that analysts commonly use to determing the causes of variences include scatter diagrams, histograms and Pareto charts. For this reason, MIS are critical in the implementation of ___ techniques.

Six-sigma

Select the true statements about structured management decisions. Structured decisions involve complex tasks that require each decision to be treated as a new task. Structured decisions are made easier through the creation of defined processes and procedures. Structured decisions involve tasks and choices that are routine. Structured decisions are regularly made by individual employees and teams and frequently include operational decisions.

Structured decisions are made easier through the creation of defined processes and procedures. Structured decisions involve tasks and choices that are routine. Structured decisions are regularly made by individual employees and teams and frequently include operational decisions.

Integrating a business software module into an ERP has several advantages. Which business software module includes payment information from customers?

TPS Software

Sally runs a shop on Etsy that has become quite popular after one of her Instagram posts went viral. She'd like to capitalize on her viral fame and is considering purchasing CRM software to assist with this. What are some of the ways a CRM would help Sally achieve this goal? More than when answer may be correct.

The CRM could target new customers that have a similar profile to her existing customers.The CRM could target new customers that have a similar profile to her existing customers. The CRM could inform her existing customers of additional, similar products available in her shop.The CRM could inform her existing customers of additional, similar products available in her shop. The CRM can assist in manufacturing her products as demand increases.The CRM can assist in manufacturing her products as demand increases.

Select the true statements regarding the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Multiple select question. The Monte Carlo simulation provides outcome probabilities based on PM inputs. When using a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate a project's timeline, optimistic (O), pessimistic (P), and expected or most likely (E or M) values from each activity are taken from the PERT network chart and placed in the simulation program. The Monte Carlo method was developed by the Polish-American mathematician and physicist Stanislaw Ulam. The Monte Carlo simulation technique provides accurate risk assessments even if a project manager inputs erroneous data.

The Monte Carlo method was developed by the Polish-American mathematician and physicist Stanislaw Ulam. When using a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate a project's timeline, optimistic (O), pessimistic (P), and expected or most likely (E or M) values from each activity are taken from the PERT network chart and placed in the simulation program. The Monte Carlo simulation provides outcome probabilities based on PM inputs.

Which statement correctly summarizes the role of the project manager (PM) during the execution stage of the project management process?

The PM monitors progress and resources and adjusts the schedule as needed.

Select the true statements about the balanced scorecard method for decision making. The balanced scorecard framework was developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton and is used to structure an organization's strategic plan and goals using measurable outcomes of organizational performance. * Measurable outcomes on a balanced scorecard include financial, internal business processes, learning and growth, and customers. In order to get the information they need to create a balanced scorecard, managers rely on output provided from executive support systems (ESS). The balanced scorecard includes information pertaining to an organization's identified key plausibility indicators (KPIs).

The balanced scorecard framework was developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton and is used to structure an organization's strategic plan and goals using measurable outcomes of organizational performance. Measurable outcomes on a balanced scorecard include financial, internal business processes, learning and growth, and customers. In order to get the information they need to create a balanced scorecard, managers rely on output provided from executive support systems (ESS).

Which of the following is a benefit that comes from project crashing? More than one answer may be selected.

The entire project can be expedited.The entire project can be expedited. The most demanding activities on the critical path are shortened in duration.

In the 1980s, Professors Marvin B. Lieberman and David B. Montgomery of UCLA's Anderson School of Management examined the advantages and disadvantages of being the first firm to enter a product into the market. Three advantages they described included were: The organization focuses on a differentiation strategy while also seeking price leadership. The first firm to enter the market has an opportunity to secure important raw materials and to develop necessary logistics lines ahead of any other competitors. Consumers often become accustomed to products that they adopt and a firm that attempts to compete must create a product that meets the specifications established by the initial entrants. The firm's employees will learn from experience how to use technologies and processes to develop the product.

The first firm to enter the market has an opportunity to secure important raw materials and to develop necessary logistics lines ahead of any other competitors. Consumers often become accustomed to products that they adopt and a firm that attempts to compete must create a product that meets the specifications established by the initial entrants. The firm's employees will learn from experience how to use technologies and processes to develop the product.

Barriers to entry can protect existing firms from which of Porter's 5 forces?

The force of new competitors

Which of the following is an example of how the project communications piece of project management software could be used when integrated with enterprise resource planning software? More than one answer may be correct.

The visual project completion map is automatically updated as phases are completed.The visual project completion map is automatically updated as phases are completed. The client is able to access information about all phases of the project in one place, reducing the need for individual status reports.The client is able to access information about all phases of the project in one place, reducing the need for individual status reports. A team lead is able to reassign a phase of the project when the project becomes too much work for the originally assigned staff.A team lead is able to reassign a phase of the project when the project becomes too much work for the originally assigned staff.

Accuracy

This refers to how well-collected data describes and associates with the real-world conditions it is trying to describe.

Modern inventory management systems help to ensure a number of critical advantages, including which 3 of the following?

Timely re-ordering Shelf-space optimization Stock-obsolescence minimization

Select the reasons why project planners use project portfolio management (PPM) software. Multiple select question. To reduce the likelihood of overworking staff and disappointing clients. To ensure the project meets construction standards and state code. To minimize the possibility of project delays due to equipment or worker overscheduling. To avoid the tendency to accept more projects than might be reasonable.

To avoid the tendency to accept more projects than might be reasonable. To reduce the likelihood of overworking staff and disappointing clients. To minimize the possibility of project delays due to equipment or worker overscheduling.

Select two advantages provided by a Gantt chart, as opposed to a simple flowchart. Gantt charts indicate which process precedes other activities. Unlike flowcharts, Gantt charts display decision points. Gantt charts display the concurrent nature of certain project activities. Unlike flowcharts, Gantt charts include the time duration on the X axis.

Unlike flowcharts, Gantt charts include the time duration on the X axis. Gantt charts display the concurrent nature of certain project activities.

Select the true statements about unstructured management decisions. Structured decisions are regularly made by individual employees and teams and frequently include operational decisions. Unstructured decisions involve management insight and judgment. Structured decisions involve tasks and choices that are routine. Unstructured decisions are often executed by higher-level management and include strategic decisions such as market entry or exit, capital budgeting, and strategic goal development.

Unstructured decisions are often executed by higher-level management and include strategic decisions such as market entry or exit, capital budgeting, and strategic goal development. Unstructured decisions involve management insight and judgment.

flowchart rectangle

Used to show a process, task, action, or operation.

According to a graphic provided by Statista, the most influential global e-commerce organization(s) in 2019 included: Multiple select question. a) Amazon b) JD.com c) Alibaba d) Apple

a) Amazon b) JD.com c) Alibaba

Select all of the true statements about B2G transactions. a) B2G often includes pre-negotiated contracts between a business and governmental organization. b) In B2G transactions. governmental organizations often issue a request for proposal (RFP) that outlines the goods or services needed. c) Business-to-Government (B2G), also commonly referred to as Business-to-Administration (B2A), is e-commerce where the selling of goods and services from a business to a governmental organization takes place via online platforms. d) In the United States, B2G transactions account for the majority of e-commerce activity.

a) B2G often includes pre-negotiated contracts between a business and governmental organization. b) In B2G transactions. governmental organizations often issue a request for proposal (RFP) that outlines the goods or services needed. c) Business-to-Government (B2G), also commonly referred to as Business-to-Administration (B2A), is e-commerce where the selling of goods and services from a business to a governmental organization takes place via online platforms.

Select all of the true statements about B2B transactions. . a) Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce is the selling of good and services between businesses. b) According to Forrester Research, approximately 47% of B2B transactions are e-commerce based. c) B2B purchases often occur in large quantities and are directly shipped from one business to another. d) B2B transactions often involve orders placed on a recurring basis.

a) Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce is the selling of good and services between businesses. c) B2B purchases often occur in large quantities and are directly shipped from one business to another. d) B2B transactions often involve orders placed on a recurring basis.

Which of the following are common issues experienced by e-commerce-oriented businesses? . a) Competitor analysis b) Decreased awareness c) Ethical issues d) Data theft

a) Competitor analysis c) Ethical issues d) Data theft

Select all that apply Select the correct statements about how the global e-commerce landscape is differentiated from the e-commerce landscape in the United States. a) E-commerce sales in the United Kingdom e-commerce sales totaled over $142 billion dollars. b) In the United States e-commerce sales are expected to reach $600 billion dollars in 2020. c) Global retail e-commerce sales in 2020 are expected to be over $4.2 trillion dollars. d) E-commerce revenue in Japan totaled over $400 billion dollars in 2019.

a) E-commerce sales in the United Kingdom e-commerce sales totaled over $142 billion dollars. b) In the United States e-commerce sales are expected to reach $600 billion dollars in 2020. c) Global retail e-commerce sales in 2020 are expected to be over $4.2 trillion dollars.

Select all of the following characteristics that explain information density. a) Information density is the total amount of information as well as the quality of information available to all individuals in a market including customers and stakeholders. b) E-commerce technologies increase the costs associated with communication, information collection, information processing, and information storage while increasing the relevance, accuracy, and timeliness of the information. c) Organizations benefit from information density because it provides them large data sets from e-commerce activities that can be used to create effective target market strategies. d) Information density in e-commerce also allows for consumers to more easily find prices for goods or services that are available for sale (price transparency) and the actual costs a seller paid to acquire the goods or service (cost transparency).

a) Information density is the total amount of information as well as the quality of information available to all individuals in a market including customers and stakeholders. c) Organizations benefit from information density because it provides them large data sets from e-commerce activities that can be used to create effective target market strategies. d) Information density in e-commerce also allows for consumers to more easily find prices for goods or services that are available for sale (price transparency) and the actual costs a seller paid to acquire the goods or service (cost transparency).

Key considerations of today's e-commerce landscape include which of the following? More than one answer may be selected. a)Internet of Things (IoT) b) Integrated shopping experiences c) M-commerce d) Location dependence

a) Internet of Things (IoT) b) Integrated shopping experiences c) M-commerce

Ubiquity is the ability to have a presence in many places simultaneously. E-commerce has the ability to offer products and services in many places at all times. Which of the following statements about e-commerce ubiquity are true? a) Refers to the degree an organization has gained access to consumers thus increasing the likelihood of product or service adoption. b) Ubiquity increases transaction costs (the costs of partaking in a specific market). c) It is the ability of an organization to create a strong presence among consumers in many places, with minimal time constraints, to sell the products and services they offer. d) Gives customers the ability to purchase products and services regardless of time or location.

a) Refers to the degree an organization has gained access to consumers thus increasing the likelihood of product or service adoption. c) It is the ability of an organization to create a strong presence among consumers in many places, with minimal time constraints, to sell the products and services they offer. d) Gives customers the ability to purchase products and services regardless of time or location.

Select all the true statements about B2C transactions. a) The Internet serves as the "physical location" and the e-commerce site serves as the portal between the consumer and the business where purchases can be made. b) According to eMarketer, the most popular B2C sites in the United States include Uber, Applebee's, and Samsung, and Verizon wireless. c) B2C e-commerce transactions occur entirely online. d) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce is the selling of products and services to individual consumers.

a) The Internet serves as the "physical location" and the e-commerce site serves as the portal between the consumer and the business where purchases can be made. c) B2C e-commerce transactions occur entirely online. d) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce is the selling of products and services to individual consumers.

Which of the following are popular re-commerce companies that are operating today? More than one answer may be selected. a) Yerdle re-commerce b) Thredup c) Remaker d) RealReal

a) Yerdle re-commerce b) Thredup d) RealReal

Online content that has been created and posted by unpaid contributors such as customers or fans of a product or service is called user-____ content. These contributors help to promote a brand or image without any direct influence by an organization. a) generated b) customized c) presented d) generational

a) generated

Software designed to handle a variety of financial calculations that are used for reporting and monitoring of business performance including tracking accounts receivable and payable, billing, and payroll along with payment processing, ledger journaling, expenses, and purchase orders are referred to as system software.

accounting

What type of software can be integrated with ERP software to record ledger journaling and billing in the same platform as other, related data?

accounting

The belief outcome _ (BAO) framework is a method for structuring research questions that are interconnected with information systems within an organization. These questions often surround sustainability and online sustainability reports.

action

ERP software takes data from computer-_ design (CAD) files and decodes the design and manufacture specifications into usable information for use throughout the manufacturing process.

aided

What is a misunderstanding that can be clarified by a flowchart? lack of payment from the client late delivery of supplies increased insurance premiums apparent inaction on the part of the project team

apparent inaction on the part of the project team

Retail sales have been influenced by m-commerce in many ways. IKEA offers an reality app where customers can take pictures of their rooms, spaces, homes, and the app will superimpose furniture and fixtured into the space. Using this type of m-commerce strategy, IKEA is able to increase customer engagement and sales conversion.

augmented

We Are Social gathers a number of statistics about the proliferation of e-commerce across the globe. They compiled data on the percentage of global Internet users aged 16-64 that participated in e-commerce activities. Which of the following statistics about the 16-64 age demographic are true? Multiple select question. a) 89% report they have a negative view of e-commerce businesses. b) 90% visited an online store on the world wide web. c) 74% reported they had purchased a good or service online d) 80% searched online for a product or service to buy online.

b) 90% visited an online store on the world wide web. c) 74% reported they had purchased a good or service online d) 80% searched online for a product or service to buy online.

Select all the correct answer responses about personalization and customization in e-commerce. a) Personalization in e-commerce includes creating marketing messages that contain the individual's name, social security number, date of birth, and purchase behavior. b) Customization is the adjustment of an organization's product or service offerings based on an individual's preferences or past buying behavior. c) Personalization is the ability of organizations to craft marketing messages directed and product/service offerings toward specific target markets. d) Customization and personalization decrease the likelihood of customer engagement and purchase.

b) Customization is the adjustment of an organization's product or service offerings based on an individual's preferences or past buying behavior. c) Personalization is the ability of organizations to craft marketing messages directed and product/service offerings toward specific target markets

Which of the following would be classified as a Business-to-Business transaction? More than one answer may be selected. a) Purchasing a new smartphone from Apple.com b) Purchasing office supplies for a university c) Purchasing food service items for a restaurant d) Buying medical equipment for a pediatrician's office

b) Purchasing office supplies for a university c) Purchasing food service items for a restaurant d) Buying medical equipment for a pediatrician's office

The ability of organizations to craft marketing messages directed and product/service offerings toward specific target markets is referred to as e-commerce _____. It includes creating marketing messages that contain the individual's name, interests, and purchase behavior. a) presence b) personalization c) customization d) density

b) personalization

Today's e-commerce landscape is dynamic and ever-changing. Organizations that have some (or all) of their operations involved in e-commerce need to address certain aspects of e-commerce in order to remain relevant. One key consideration in today's e-commerce landscape is M-commerce. One method businesses accomplish m-commerce is through the use of progressive _____ applications. a) mobile b) web c) wireless d) internet

b) web

The second of Porter's 5 forces refers to the ease with which a new competitor can enter the market. Strong to entry decrease the strength of this force.

barriers

Which of the following is a benefit to integrating CRM software into an existing ERP? More than one answer may be correct. better visibility of customer relationships faster billing faster data access times quicker acquisition of new customers

better visibility of customer relationships faster billing faster data access times

According to Professors W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, creating an entirely new market is an example of a ocean strategy.

blue

Creating an entirely new market is an example of a ________ ocean strategy.

blue

A manufacturer's latest smartphone has become extremely popular. How can the manufacturer use its ERP system to ensure that its retailers are able to keep the phone in stock? More than one answer may be correct.

by obtaining CRM data about customer demandby obtaining CRM data about customer demand by analyzing BI data about its supply chainby analyzing BI data about its supply chain by monitoring data about its e-commerce operations

The ability of an organization to create a strong presence among consumers in many places, with minimal time constraints, to sell the products and services they offer is called e-commerce _____. a) presence b) prevalence c) ubiquity d) selectivity

c) ubiquity

From the following list, select two vital functions performed by project management software.

calculating a project's duration and schedule. communicating changes, developments, and progress.

A key component, and major advantage, of an ERP is its

centralized database

One of the keys to success in any project is highly transparent throughout each of the phases among all the parties involved.

communication

Management Information Systems allow managers to build upon an organization's existing strengths to create

competitive advantages

The ability for a firm to enjoy significant profit margins decreases as the number of offering essentially the same products or services increases.

competitors

The type of e-commerce transaction that allows consumers to interact with government or authoritative bodies for activities such as paying taxes, securing building permits, or paying tuition at a university, is referred to as a -to-Administration transaction.

consumer

The type of e-commerce transaction where consumers are able to provide a service to a business often through a bidding or auction type of system is called -to-Business. Examples of this type of transaction include Fiverr, Freelancer, and Shutterstock.

consumer

Customer acquisition (CAC) is a metric that is used by e-commerce companies and other sales-related organizations to assess the costs associated with convincing a potential customer to purchase a service or product.

costs

Once a program manager has developed a PERT network chart and determined the critical path for project completion (the critical path method (CPM)), the project manager will attempt to create efficiencies by addressing those activities along the critical path and focusing on how to make methods of making them as short as possible. This is referred to as project .

crashing

Using a PERT network chart, and the associated ___ (CPM), project managers can provide clients with a more accurate estimate of project completion times.

critical path method

If an increase in price results in a relatively large decrease in demand for the product, the firm cannot easily increase its profit margin. This demonstrates which of Porter's 5 forces?

customers

Timeliness

data should be available when needed.

An analysis tool that is similar to cost-benefit analysis, multiple-criteria _ analysis is an analysis tool used for decision making. It is not constrained by quantitative or monetary means of comparison.

decision

flowchart diamond

decision point

Using technology to transform a market or to create an entirely new market is called creating a innovation.

disruptive

Karl Benz invented the internal combustion automobile in 1885. Adam Smith described the efficiencies of division of labor (the assembly line) in 1776. However, when Henry Ford combined these two to produce an inexpensive automobile with the Model T in 1908, he transformed the personal transportation market. Professor Clayton Christensen called this a ___.

disruptive innovation

The PERT describes the ___ of each project activity in terms of optimistic or best-case scenario (O), pessimistic (P), and expected or most likely (E or M).

duration

From the following list, select all the information that project managers need to construct a basic Gantt chart. each activity or task of the project the start time of each activity or task the duration of each activity or task the person assigned to each activity or task the estimated cost of each activity or task

each activity or task the start time of each activity duration of each activity person assigned to each activity

From the following list, select all the information that project managers need to construct a basic Gantt chart.

each activity or task of the project the start time of each activity or task the duration of each activity of task.

Tracking project progress and controlling costs remains a critical role for every project manager. To assist the PM in this evaluation the project manager body of knowledge (PMBOK) guide recommends using value management (EVM)

earned

According to eMarketer, the e-commerce company that ranks second in market share as a percentage of sales is (Amazon is #1).

ebay

ill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. How quickly consumer demand changes with a change in price is referred to as of demand.

elasticity

Because they facilitate informed business decisions by integrating data from various operational areas within the organization, resource planning systems allow managers to view reports that are generated from across the organization.

enterprise

All projects have four essential phases; initiation, planning, ___ , and closure.

execution

Every project needs a project manager to oversee a projects 4 phases of initiation, planning, , and closure.

execution

If a task falls outside of the program manager's immediate control it is referred to as a(n) ___ dependency. start-to-finish external internal start-to-start

external

If your spouse needs to approve the grocery list (task A), before you can begin shopping(task B), task B has a(n) __ dependency on task A. This assumes you have no control over your spouse.

external

Making use of the research and development conducted by the innovator, and then developing a competing product at a lower price is referred to as the ___ strategy.

fast-follower

Management _____ give managers the ability to search data sets for information that is needed for a specific decision. Members of the organization predefine the filters and design them to eliminate the time-consuming task of searching through large volumes of data and helps to avoid management bias and predefined subjective interpretation. filters analytics spreadheets data

filters

Systems that allow organizations the ability to measure cash flows, calculate tax liabilities, maintain compliance to legal and accounting regulations, and optimize profitability are management systems.

financial

What must be integrated into an organization's enterprise resource management solution to allow it to create and maintain regulatory and compliance information from a centralized location?

financial management systems software

That employees will learn from experience how to use technologies to develop a product, gaining a "head start" over any competition that attempts to enter the market is considered a ___.

first-mover advantage

When conducting a SWOT analysis, managers examine factors that impact their organization's internal strengths and weaknesses. These factors are sometimes refered to as the Ps.

five

Because it allows clients and investors, who might not be familiar with more evolved tools, to visualize the entire project at a glance, a ___ is one of the first creations of a project manager. Multiple choice question. A PERT network chart spreadsheet database flowchart

flowchart

Because they allow stakeholders a simple visualization of an entire project, a ___ is a commonly used tool of project managers.

flowchart

Being able to drag and drop shapes and lines quickly and easily greatly simplifies the creation process.

flowchart

By allowing viewers to see the project's progress, project managers can reduce the anxiety caused by apparent inaction. For this reason, PMs often provide simple ___.

flowchart

Because they can alert all stakeholders to decision points, are commonly used, simple visualization tools for program managers.

flowcharts

Over 50% of all innovative products fail in the market, while over 80% of the successors to the products succeed. This is a key tenet of the fast- strategy.

follower

While ERP systems offer many competitive advantages to users, particularly those in upper management, a significant disadvantage is their ___.

high costs

Describe difficulties in implementing an ERP system. More than one answer may be correct. high costs steep learning curve maintenance costs poor access to data

high costs steep learning curve maintenance costs

The business world is overwhelmed by data. It estimated that 1.7MB of data is created every second by every person. Data volume has grown substantially in the last few years, when 90% of the world's data has been created. Of the following, what is the most useful fully computerized tool that can directly translate data into decisions and solutions? management information systems executive support systems high-velocity automated decision making database management systems

high-velocity automated decision making

In e-commerce, the total amount of information as well as the quality of information available to all individuals in a market including customers and stakeholders is referred to as _ density.

information

During the ___ the project's scope and a projected timeline for deliverables are described. initiation phase planning phase execution phase closure phase

initiation

Select the three phases of a project typically managed by a project planner. Multiple select question. execution closure initiation planning

initiation planning closure

Select the phases of a project typically managed by a project planner. More than one answer may be correct.

initiation planning execution

During which phases of a project is project management software used to increase the efficiency of all team members?

initiation, planning, execution, and closure

Which is the stage of Herbert Simpson's four stage approach to decision making where the problem is identified? implementation intelligence choice design

intelligene

ill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. How quickly consumer demand changes with a change in price is referred to as of demand.

its competitors

The essential function of resource leveling is to ealert management to dysfunctional areas of the project. allow the manager to automatically order resources and supplies evaluate the overall resource needs of the project keep the project moving toward completion by reassigning resources.

keep the project moving toward completion by reassigning resources.

Principles that focus on increasing efficiencies by improving supply lines and through creating a well-trained, highly knowledgeable workforce that assertively acts to minimize waste and maximize value in every process and product are referred to as manufacturing principles.

lean

Adjusting task completion to maximize the use of limited resources is referred to as resource

leveling

Small, drive-up, coffee stands seem to be popping up on every street corner. Because of this, these coffee vendors have difficulty raising prices significantly higher than their competitors. This is because the coffee stand business has extremely ___.

low barriers to entry

Project risk management remains an underdeveloped science. Often subject to the biases and prior experiences of the project manager, project risk ___ remains an underdeveloped science. Multiple choice question. management avoidance elimination aversion

management

Project scheduling and project communications are two functions provided by project (PM) software.

management

As each project activity is started or completed, the PERT network chart updates the critical path. The critical path estimates the project completion time. This process is called the critical path (CPM)

method

M-commerce is emerging as one of the most important areas in today's e-commerce landscape. M-commerce relies heavily on progressive web applications (PWAs) and Accelerated ___ pages (AMPs). AMPs are a creation of Google and Twitter and are designed using a scaled down version Hyper-text markup language (HTML) to create fast loading web pages.

mobile

According to Professor Porter, a business must differentiate itself from its competitors. One method is to encourage customers to believe that an organization provides higher quality goods or better service, then the organization can charge a premium, or gain market share, or (ideally) both. For example, by placing a swoop icon on a sweatshirt, Nike is able to charge a higher price. This methodology is called

monopolistic

Consistency

multiple versions of a single item of data should be the same.

The advantage of a PERT chart is that it displays the interconnectivity of different processes, including activities that can be completed concurrently.

network

As each activity is started or completed, the PERT network chart updates the critical ___.

path

Quantifiable values that validate how effectively an organization is accomplishing significant business objectives are called key indicators (KPIs). For example, a KPI for an e-commerce business might measure how well they meeting customer expectations. A KPI can be established that tracks the frequency that the customers are receiving the exact products they ordered.

performance

Managers often use an organization's human resource management system to evaluate the relative strength or weakness of its

personnel

All projects have four essential phases; initiation, , execution, and closure.

planning

As project management firms take on more projects, and as these projects grow in complexity and cost, project management firms increasingly have managers who specialize in either project or project management and each specialty often uses unique software.

planning

If required, a PERT network chart would be developed in the phase of a project.

planning

The final step in the ___ phase involves scheduling a meeting with project stakeholders and allowing these key players to review the Gantt chart or project timeline.

planning

In an e-commerce presence map, the _ incudes the methods used to reach the stakeholders and customers including desktop and mobile platforms, social media sites such as Instagram or Facebook, blogs, magazines, radio stations, and TV stations.

platform

First developed by Thomas Saaty, the analytical hierarchy _ (AHP) is a multi-criteria programming model that uses an analytical hierarchy process for decision making in multifaceted operational environments.

process

The integration of transaction systems (TPS) with ERP has the ability to reduce labor costs. Due to the streamlined nature of transaction reporting, the services of accounts receivable or payroll may be reduced or eliminated

processing

A network chart that displays all the paths to project completion is known as a

program evaluation and review technique chart (PERT)

Why do project managers use flowcharts? More than one answer may be correct.

provide visualization highlight key decision points alert stakeholders to key points and milestones

Composed of pixels or grid cells and are often spaced in regular intervals and designed to make square shapes.

raster data

When competitors seek to gain competitive advantage through price leadership or by making product improvements, Professors W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne would say they are using a ___. generic business strategy blue ocean strategy economies of scale red ocean strategy

red ocean strategy

Systems that assist organizations to synchronize business operating units relating to customer interaction are customer management systems.

relationship

Every project faces limitations, such the amount of available equipment or environmental constraints. To mitigate these limitations, project managers use software that provides

resource leveling

Regardless of the project, every project manager faces physical limitations such as the number of available employees or the amount of available equipment, or constraints due to the physical environment. To mitigate these limitations, project managers use software that provides ___ . resource leveling flowcharts PERT Critical path determination

resource leveling

Enterprise resource management (ERP) systems can be designed to include a module provides the ability to join human management and information technology to provide a single source of connectivity and data exchange for personnel-related information.

resources

Walmart uses economies of to pressure suppliers to lower their prices, allowing Walmart to offer lower prices to its customers and decrease competition.

scale

With price leadership, an organization seeks to offer a product to a large market at the lowest possible price by maximizing efficiencies and using economies of

scale

Some project activities on the critical path can be allocated few resources or lower priority because they will include slack time. This is an advantage of using PERT and a critical path __ . support analysis synthesis schedule orientation

schedule

Cloud-based ERP systems are a form of as a Service (SaaS).

software

The response to an identified problem, a _ is the method to overcome a problem.

solution

Most programs, such as Microsoft Excel and Apple Numbers, provide templates for constructing Gantt charts.

spreadsheet

Flowchart: Oval symbol

start/end of program in a flowchart

Management decisions that involved tasks and choices that encompass prescribed and definite procedures for how they should be handled are referred to as _ decisions.

structured

A business must not only look at its direct competitors, but also must contend with those firms that offer a product that a consumer might alternatively choose. For example, McDonald's and Burger King can be considered competitors and if one firm raises prices the other firm might gain its customers. However, if both firms raise their prices, customers may choose to purchase pizza instead. Porter refers to this as the force of in the market.

substitutes

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo dominate the soft drink market. However, during the 2000s, many customers switched from soft drinks to water, causing Coca-Cola and PepsiCo to develop Dasani and Aquafina. The ability of customers to switch from one product to an alternate product illustrates what Porter called the strength of __. substitutes suppliers competitors customers

substitutes

During the 1950s, the United Auto Workers union (UAW) exercised considerable control over the labor ___. This meant that automobile manufacturers had little control over labor costs.

supply

Projects have starting points and (hopefully) ending points, and are, therefore, ___ by their very nature. temporary simplistic difficult long-term

temporary

A PESTEL (political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal) analysis provides management with a framework to evaluate its organization's external opportunities and

threats

A SWOT analysis attempts to identify, an organization's (or an individual's) internal strengths and weaknesses and examines external opportunities and .

threats

When external opportunities match with internal strengths, managers should choose an aggressive strategy, particularly when facing weak external ___. strengths opportunities threats weaknesses

threats

Of the following descriptions, which one accurately applies to slack?

time when one project activity is waiting for another activity.

A university is completely remodeling a campus building. The team for this project includes architectural and structural engineering consultants, material and equipment suppliers, and construction contractors and subcontractors. From the following list, select all the reasons it is essential that the project manager create a Gantt chart for this project.

to ensure that consultants and contractors are available when needed to decide if orders for material and equipment must be expedited to allow time for structural engineers to approve the building plans to delay work until the required building permits are obtained

Along with identifying wanted or needed products, CRM software allows organizations to accomplish which 3 of the following? ultimately increase sales maintain customer engagement and relationships identify and attract prospective customers assist in environmental cleanup

ultimately increase sales maintain customer engagement and relationships identify and attract prospective customers

A major problem with the program evaluation and review technique (PERT), its critical path method (CPM), and the associated earned value management (EVM) methodologies is that they ___ .

underestimate risks

Management decisions that are often executed by higher-level management and include strategic decisions such as market entry or exit and capital budgeting are called _decisions.

unstructured

Many e-commerce sites now host areas where users can post ratings, questions, or comments about a product or service. The content that is posted in these areas is referred to as ____generated content (UGC).

user

Composed using vertices and paths and includes points, lines, and areas (represented by polygons). Points are composed using XY-coordinates.

vector data

Decision making that is executed by computers through algorithms and software that can process data at a face pace is referred to as high- decision making. Software designed for this type of decision making is created by humans and is designed to identify issues, find solutions to these issues, and implement the programs needed to overcome these issues with an emphasis on transactional speed.

velocity

Software that is created by humans and is designed to identify issues, find solutions to these issues, and implement the programs needed to overcome these issues with an emphasis on transactional speed is referred to as high- _____ decision-making software. tempo velocity momentum acceleration

velocity

What are the benefits of using a flowchart? simplicity of creation visualization for stakeholders comprehensive depiction of projects depth of calculational capabilities

visualization for stakeholders comprehensive depiction of projects depth of calculational capabilities

When a large number of buyers seek to purchase a firm's products even when prices increase, Porter's force of customers can be said to have ___. This tends to strengthen the firm's profitability. accelerated strengthened weakened increased

weakened