JA2 and JA3

In Fig. 2D, the researchers compare levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to beta-actin because beta-actin is a cytoskeletal protein important for structural integrity, and if levels of beta-actin decrease it suggests an overall decline in the general health of the cell (and therefore can explain any observed decrease in TH expression).

false

In the forced swim test, an increase in immobility time is generally interpreted as

increase in behavioral despair

The effect of males on pain responses in rodents was shown to

involve axillary sensations

which of the following is an opioid receptor antagonist?

naloxone

The authors looked at the expression of Fos in the_____ as an indicator of neuronal activation

spinal cord

The authors found that

the decrease in pain observed when a male was in the room was dependent on release of both opioids and endocannabinoids

Which of the following changed pain response in mice?

the sex of the person present during the pain response

The authors provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that glucocorticoids are necessary for the epigenetic modifications in dopamine neurons in GXE mice

true

In figures 1 and 3, the authors measure prepulse inhibition. Which of the following is true?

-In this experiment, the "prepulse" referred to a short burst of noise, 4, 8 or 16 dB above the background noise level, prior to a louder noise stimulus -When measuring prepulse inhibition, the researchers recorded the startle response of each mouse in response to a short, loud noise stimulus

The article describes changes in tyrosine hydroxylase expression. TH is

-an enzyme involved in the dopamine synthesis pathway -an enzyme involved in the NE synthesis pathway -an enzyme involved in the E synthesis pathway (all catecholamines)

In Figures 2 and 3, data from in vivo microdialysis experiments are shown. In vivo microdialysis is a method that....

-can be used to measure small molecules such as amine neurotransmitters in the brain -can be used in awake animals performing a relevant behvavioral task -is based on the principle of molecules moving across a dialysis membrane according to a concentration gradient

In addition to changes in dopamine regulation in the GXE mice, the authors saw a significant decrease in total NE in the

-frontal cortex -nucleus accumbens -caudate putamen

The investigators found that

-having a male in the room significantly increased plasma corticosterone in mice -having a shirt worn by a male in the room significantly increased plasma corticosterone in mice

which of the following are true?

-stress tends to increase core body temp -increase in thigmotaxis is indicative of an increase in anxiety like behavior

This paper provides evidence that

-the effect of a male presence on pain expression is dependent on androgens

which of the following chemicals were injected into the paw or ankle to induce pain?

-zymosan A -formalin

In Figure 4A, you can see green and red beads and TH expression. Which of the following statements are true for this figure?

Both the red and green beads were transported in a retrograde direction to the ventral tegmental area

Which of the following is/are true for the GXE group, compared with control mice?

Corticosterone levels were higher after the behavioral tests employed by the researchers

which of the following is interpreted as an increase in pain experienced by an animal?

NOT -an increase in tail withdrawl latency -not an increase in paw withdrawl -not an increase in withdrawl threshold in the von frey test

The mouse grimace scale was used to assess pain. Which of the following is true about this test?

NOT -doesn't require observer to be present in room with mouse to monitor the pain levels -it doesnt involve measuring latency of tail withdrawl -it doesnt involve measuring latency of paw withdrawl

Which of the following is/are true?

The gene that codes for tyrosine hydroxylase contains a glucocorticoid response element (GRE), and so is susceptible to transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids.

In the GXE group, and compared to controls, the authors observed

an increase in dopamine D2 receptor expression in the frontal cortex

In Figure 4B the authors look at methylation of CpG sites. CpG sites

are important for transcriptional regulation of a gene

According to the authors data, the presence of a human male during expression of pain in mice resulted in

decreased in mouse grimace scores