KHS 230 final

In a normal distribution, a z-score of 1 is equivalent to ____ of the population. a. 34.13% b. 68.26% c. 49.87% d. 47.25%

a. 34.13%

The writing style required in this course is _____ format. a. APA b. MLA c. ACA d. AMA

a. APA

_______ format is used for professional research writing in our profession. a. APA b. AMA c. ACA d. ALA

a. APA

The __________ is a brief summary of a journal article that is included at the beginning of the article a. Abstract b. Discussion c. Introduction d. Methods

a. Abstract

Determining the effect of a treatment program for one adapted student would be when you use a_________ study. a. Case b. Qualitative c. Mixed methods d. Quantative

a. Case

The ________ is the statistic used for ANOVAs a. F-ratio b. z-score c. t-statistic d. t-test

a. F-ratio

A researcher has examined GPA scores while athletes were in season and out of season. In this scenario, ________ is the dependent variable. a. GPA b. student athletes c. the sport in which the athlete participates d. in/out of season

a. GPA

______________ is a search engine that allows you to search open sources for a variety of scholarly work a. Google scholar b. Research gate c. Yahoo scholar d. Google

a. Google scholar

Data should be stored at least for __ year(s) after the study is conducted a. 5 b. 3 c. 1 d. 10

3

A long quotation consists of ______ a. 50 or more words b. 20 or more words c. 40 or more words d. 30 or more words

40 or more words

Articles found during a Google search are more likely to be more reputable than articles found in your library's database True False

False

Results are reported in the Statistical Analysis section of the research article. True False

False

The first question a researcher should ask when collecting data for a qualitative study is: a. Why am I doing this? b. How will the data be obtained? c. Who will be the participants? d. How will the data be analyzed?

How will the data be obtained?

"The more time a student spends studying for an exam, the higher the student's exam score is likely to be. There is a positive relationship between study time and exam score." This research statement is an example of a(n) _____________ research design. : a. quasi-experimental b. correlational c. regression d. experimental

b. correlational

Determining the relationship between student's attitudes toward drugs and the frequency of drug usage is a ___________ research design. a. predictive b. correlational c. experimental d. qualitative

b. correlational

A __________ is a maximum of 50 characters and should be a short description of the topic. a. footer b. header c. highlight d. abstract

b. header

A researcher wants to examine if there are gender differences for attitudes toward exercise. The ___________________ is gender and the attitude toward exercise is the _______________________. a. criterion variable , predictor variable b. independent variable, dependent variable c. dependent variable , independent variable d. predictor variable, criterion variable

b. independent variable, dependent variable

_________________ is defined as the degree to which the research findings and conclusions are related to the research design and methodology. a. gneralizability b. internal validity c. objectivity d. external validity

b. internal validity

You should select three to five _____________ that describe your research study. a. adjectives b. key words c. descriptors d. search terms

b. key words

Left justified, bold, upper and lowercase are all criteria for a _______ heading in APA format. a. level 4 b. level 2 c. level 3 d. level 1

b. level 2

_________________ denotes using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own Select one: a. prefacing b. plagiarism c. paraphrasing d. citation

b. plagiarism

Comparing males and females on state anxiety is an example of the _______________ research method a. correlational b. descriptive c. quasi-experimental d. experimental

c. quasi-experimental

Position statements in your discipline are examples of __________ a. primary sources b. personal communication c. secondary sources d. outside

c. secondary sources

_____________ and _____________ are two pieces of information about research study participants that are often reported in research articles. a. age and primary language spoken b. gender and primary language spoken c. sex and age d. sex and primary language spoken

c. sex and age

The Delphi method is commonly used in a. correlational research b. quasi-experimental research c. survey research d. experimental research

c. survey research

Scientific writing should be clear, direct writing style that is logically presented in the ________ person. a. second b. fourth c. third d. first

c. third

Abstract titles should not exceed ______ words and ____ lines. a. 13; 2 b. 12;1 c. 10; 1 d. 12; 2

d. 12; 2

An abstract should not exceed _______ words. a. 300 b. 425 c. 350 d. 400

d. 400

Plus or minus 2 standard deviations on a Normal Curve includes ____ of the a. 33% b. 99% c. 68% d. 95%

d. 95%

_________________ is the non-parametric equivalent to a One-way Independent Groups ANOVA. a. t-test b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks c. Mann-Whitney U d. Kruskal Wallis

d. Kruskal Wallis

Whose contact information should be given on an informed consent document?

the principal investigator

Name one of the ethical principles described in the Belmont report.

Respect for persons

The right to withdraw at anytime is one of the rights a participant should expect from the researcher True False

True

A researcher falsely concludes that listening to Mozart has no effect on exam performance. What kind of error has the researcher committed? a. Type II b. Type III c. Type I

Type I (?)

Tom uses the bathroom scale to weight himself for a school project. On Monday, the scale reads 150 lbs. On Tuesday, it reads 250 lbs. On Wednesday, it reads 100 lbs. What can Tom conclude about his scale as an assessment instrument? a. It is neither valid nor reliable. b. It is both reliable and valid. c. It is reliable but not valid. d. It is valid but not reliable

a. It is neither valid nor reliable.

_____________ is a preferred type face (font) in APA format a. Times New Roman b. Calibri c. Arial black d. Arial narrow

a. Times New Roman

The median is an example of a a. a descriptive statistic b. a nominal statistic c. a parametric statistic d. an inferential statistic

a. a descriptive statistic

"What effect does daily use of Twitter have on the attention span of under-16s?" In this research question, the dependent variable is a. attention spans of 16-year-olds b. the effect of daily Twitter use c. daily use of Twitter d. daily use of social media

a. attention spans of 16-year-olds

_________________ is related to the inability to link research to individual respondents a. both anonymity and confidentiality b. consent c. confidentiality d. anonymity

a. both anonymity and confidentiality

One main purpose of the literature review is that it should a. give readers insight into the topic of interest b. provide the results of the statistical analysis c. give readers a brief overview of the study and its findings d. provide a detailed discussion of the results of the study

a. give readers insight into the topic of interest

A researcher wants to examine if there are gender differences for attitudes toward exercise. in this study, gender is the a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. criterion variable d. predictor variable

a. independent variable

If the mode is 150, median is 170, and mean is 100, the distribution would be a. negatively skewed b. normal c. positively skewed. d. asymmetric

a. negatively skewed

Chi-square analysis is used for ______ data. a. nominal b. ratio c. continuous d. interval

a. nominal

The mean and standard deviation are examples of a. parametric statistics b. nonparametric statistics c. central tendency d. variance

a. parametric statistics

The use of commas, periods, and exclamation marks are all examples of a. punctuation b. organization c. grammar d. diction

a. punctuation

Comparing males and females on state anxiety is an example of the research method. a. quasi-experimental b. correlational c. true experimental d. regression

a. quasi-experimental

The ____ value is the ratio of explained variability of the x variable to the y variable. Select one: a. r2 b. r c. t d. p

a. r2

"As the amount of ice cream consumed during a 3-month period increases, the number of drownings also increases." Based on this statement, you can conclude that a. there is a relationship between ice cream consumption and drownings b. nothing c. you should not go swimming after eating ice cream d. eating ice cream increases the number of drownings

a. there is a relationship between ice cream consumption and drownings

Which of the following studies would qualify for expedited IRB review? a. Administering vitamin tablets to adults over 70 to improve cognitive performance b. administering an online survey for adult leaders in education c. Using bibliotherapy with nonviolent prisoners in state jails in Texas d. Observing children playing after they watch violent cartoons

b. administering an online survey for adult leaders in education

_______________ is when the researcher can link back to the responses of the individual a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality c. Privacy d. Consent

b. Confidentiality

The __________________ is a set of guiding principles that assist in governing human subjects rights. a. Helsinki Declaration b. Nuremberg Code c. Belmont report d. Tuskegee Exposition

b. Nuremberg Code

The ____________________ is a nonparametric equivalent to a repeated measures t-test. a. ANOVA b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks c. median d. Mann-Whitney U

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks

The Behavior Risk Factor Survey System is an example of a. a health information database b. a system of surveys c. an experimental design d. a questionnaire

b. a system of surveys

Grade point average is an example of ___________ data. a. categorical b. continuous c. correlational d. nominal

b. continuous

In comparing quantitative research to qualitative research, Select one: a. quantitative research and qualitative research involve detailed statistical analysis b. quantitative research and qualitative research are valid methods of problem solving c. quantitative research is more valid than qualitative research d. quantitative research is less trustworthy than qualitative research

b. quantitative research and qualitative research are valid methods of problem solving

_______________________ correspond with operational definitions of how each variable was measured in the study. a. independent variables b. research variables c. dependent variables d. primary variables

b. research variables

The practical applications of your findings are also known as the a. and-next factor b. so-what factor c. who-cares factor d. what-now factor

b. so-what factor

Cautions about the current research when interpreting results are typically found in the___________ section a. Results b. Limitations c. Discussion d. Introduction

c. Discussion

__________________ deals with the integrity of your qualitative data a. Validity b. Reliability c. Trustworthiness d. Triangulation

c. Trustworthiness

A researcher falsely concludes that vitamin C intake shortens the duration of a cold. What kind of error has the researcher committed? Select one: a. cognitive error b. Type III c. Type I d. Type II

c. Type I1 (?)

The following is an example of a _______ hypothesis: Listening to Rush before an exam will result in an increase in exam scores. a. directional null hypothesis b. non-directional hypothesis c. alternative hypothesis d. null hypothesis

c. alternative hypothesis

In a research study in which the treatment involved quite intense physical training, 40% of the subjects in the treatment group dropped out as compared to 5% of the control group. This threat of internal validity is called a. testing effects b. history c. experimental mortality d. selection bias

c. experimental mortality

__________ refers to the rules for using the eight parts of speech. a. organization b. diction c. grammar d. punctuation

c. grammar

In discussing your inferential findings, introduce your ______________ followed by your _________________. a. dependent variables, independent variables b. inferential variables; descriptive variables c. independent variables; dependent variables d. descriptive variables; dependent variables

c. independent variables; dependent variables

Qualitative research uses _______________ to identify patterns in the data that will assist in answering the research question. a. interpretation b. deductive reasoning c. inductive reasoning d. coding

c. inductive reasoning

Does correlation equal causation? Select one: a. yes, sometimes b. I am tired of answering this question c. no, correlation does not equal causation d. yes, always

c. no, correlation does not equal causation

The SOPLAY is used to collect ___________ data. a. interval b. correlational c. observational d. survey

c. observational

When the null hypothesis is rejected, a. p > .05 b. p > alpha c. p < .05 d. p = .05

c. p < .05

_______________ is a way of establishing trustworthiness that involves asking someone who is not part of the data collection or interpretation process to play devil's advocate. a. cross-validation b. triangulation c. peer debriefing d. member checking

c. peer debriefing

When computing an intercorrelation coefficient, the x variable is the ____________ a. independent b. dependent c. predictor d. criterion

c. predictor

One strength of qualitative research is that it a. is less prone to bias than quantitative research b. is easier to conduct that quantitative research c. provides more and richer detail than quantitative research d. takes less time than quantitative research

c. provides more and richer detail than quantitative research

A research study showed a strong positive relationship between student self-esteem and academic achievement. The authors concluded that having high self-esteem caused students to perform better in school. Is this a reasonable conclusion? a. Yes. As self-esteem increased, academic achievement increased. b. Yes. The study has excellent internal validity. c. No. The study lacks internal validity. d. No. Correlation does not equal causation.

d. No. Correlation does not equal causation.

In the Milgrim Obedience Studies, participants were told they were administering painful levels of electric shock to another person. In reality, the other person was pretending to be in pain. This is an example of a. acceptable risk b. unethical behavior c. deception by omission d. active deception

d. active deception

According to your textbook, the abstract for your study should be written a. at any time during the study b. at the beginning of the study and updated as needed c. when you are brainstorming ideas for your study d. after the study is complete

d. after the study is complete

Gender is an example of _________ data, while % body fat is an example of _________ data. a. continuous; categorical b. categorical; dichotomous c. continuous; dichotomous d. categorical; continuous

d. categorical; continuous

"What are the most effective communication strategies for increasing voter turnout among under-30s in Louisiana?" In this research question, ________________ is the independent variable. a. voter turn out in people under 30 b. voter turn out c. effectiveness of communication strategies d. communication strategies

d. communication strategies

_________________ studies typically come in one of the last sections of the Review of Literature, in that these are studies that are fairly close to what you are proposing needs to be researched next. a. secondary literature b. allied literature c. empirical literature d. critical literature

d. critical literature

A researcher wants to examine if there are gender differences for attitudes toward exercise. In the study attitude towards exercise is the a. independent variable b. predictor variable c. criterion variable d. dependent variable

d. dependent variable

Demographic data are reported in the form of a. inferential statistics b. predictive statistics c. dependent statistics d. descriptive statistics

d. descriptive statistics

An explanation of your findings are presented in the a. results section b. limitations section c. future research section d. discussion section

d. discussion section

Feasibility is related to___________________ a. diagramming relationships between variables b. how likely you are to get non-significant results c. how likely you are to get significant results d. how likely you are to be able to do the research project within a reasonable amount of time

d. how likely you are to be able to do the research project within a reasonable amount of time

One weakness of qualitative research is that a. it provides more and richer detail than quantitative research b. it is less interesting than quantitative research c. it is easier than quantitative research d. it is more open to researcher bias than quantitative research

d. it is more open to researcher bias than quantitative research

For her dissertation, Julie interviewed women of color who were leaders in private schools about their experiences in leadership experiences. When she finished transcribing the interviews, she requested each interviewee to review her transcript. This process is known as ________________________. a. triangulation b. peer debriefing c. validation d. member checking

d. member checking

Median and quartile deviations are examples of Select one: a. parametric statistics b. variance c. central tendency d. nonparametric statistics

d. nonparametric statistics

A flowchart will most likely be found in the ______________ section of a research article. a. introduction b. results c. methodology d. procedure

d. procedure

In conducting research for her dissertation, Lindsay interviewed nursing students at various stages of a semester-long study abroad program. Lindsay's research befitted from _______________ a. peer review b. trustworthiness c. triangulation d. prolonged engagement

d. prolonged engagement

Gathering information regarding perceptions and behaviors through the use of questionnaires is an example of a. descriptive research b. correlational research c. true experimental design d. surveys can be used in numerous kinds of research designs

d. surveys can be used in numerous kinds of research designs

Markus used focus groups, individual interviews, and case studies in collecting data for his dissertation. His goal was to establish trustworthiness through the method of ________________. a. member checking b. group validation c. peer review d. triangulation

d. triangulation

The first step in preparing your results section is to a. outline your discussion b. review your research questions c. prepare your tables and figures d. verify your results

d. verify your results

The degree of risk to be taken in an experiment should be in what proportion to the potential benefits of the results?

never exceed