KIN 101 Chapter 7

The ancient Olympic Games were held every ______ years and lasted _____ days in August.

4; 5

Identify an activity that was practiced by early Athenian boys at palaestras.

Boxing

Which of the following is true of early Indian culture?

Buddhism deemphasized physical activities and sought to reform the caste system.

Knightly activities

Climbing and vaulting

Identify a true statement about the gladiatorial contests held at the Colosseum.

Condemned criminals were forced to combat lions and panthers.

Identify the British upper-class sports that were popularized at private boys' boarding schools in the 1800s.

Cricket and rugby

Hjalmar Ling devised the _____, borrowing from his father's program the principles of progression and precise execution of movements on command.

Day's Order

In the context of the philosophies that influenced physical education during the Age of Enlightenment, identify a true statement about the view of French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau on the ideal way to educate a boy.

Each child possesses a unique readiness to learn in a natural developmental process.

Which of the following is true of the agoge system that was imposed on the people of Sparta by the government?

Everything was controlled by the government.

True or false: During the Homeric era in Greece, the 12 major gods of the Olympic Council were not revered as deities.

False

True or false: The renewed appreciation for classical culture that developed during the Middle Ages was called the Reformation.

False

Identify a true statement about the education of boys in early Roman culture.

Father and mothers taught their sons to become citizen-soldiers.

Military exercises

Fencing and marching

Manual labor

Gardening and woodworking

The predominant philosophy that developed during the Homeric era became known as the _____, which stressed the unity of the "man of action" and "man of wisdom."

Greek Ideal

How did Johann Basedow implement naturalistic principles in a school for boys called the Philanthropinum?

He advocated dancing, fencing, riding, and vaulting.

During the ancient Olympic Games, Nicolaos emerged victorious in a chariot race. Which of the following statements is likely to be true about Nicolaos and his victory?

He received a wreath of olive branches for his victory.

Identify a feature of the Swedish gymnastics program introduced by Per Henrik Ling.

It allowed participants to stress precise execution of movements on command.

Identify a characteristic of the Day's Order.

It consisted of daily exercises that progressed through the whole body from head to toe.

Identify a feature of boxing as a hand-to-hand combat event in the ancient Olympics.

It pitted two athletes of any size against each other.

Natural activities

Jumping and running

Identify a characteristic of the tournaments held during festive occasions in Europe in the medieval ages.

Knights fought under conditions similar to war in the grand tourney.

Identify the activities included in Johann GutsMuths's daily educational program at the Schnepfenthal Educational Institute. (Check all that apply.)

Manual labor Greek gymnastics Natural activities

Identify the movement that emphasized vigorous masculinity, such as achieved through sports, in combination with development of character.

Muscular Christianity

_____ became the dominant theme of Danish gymnastics in the early 1800s.

Nationalism

Identify the roles played by the nobility in Europe's feudalistic society. (Check all that apply.)

Pages Squires Knights

Identify a characteristic of the Renaissance period.

Philosophies directly influenced attitudes toward physical education.

Which of the following was a form of recreation among people of all classes in early Egyptian culture?

Swimming

Identify an effect of the Athenian-led victory over the Persians in 480 B.C.

The Athenian warrior-athletes were replaced by mercenary soldiers.

Identify the events that constituted the pentathlon. (Check all that apply.)

The long jump The stade race Wrestling The discus throw The javelin throw

Which of the following is true of the wrestling events in the ancient Olympic Games?

The objective was to throw an opponent to the ground three times.

Squires

They learned archery, climbing, fencing, riding, and wrestling at the age of 14 and accompanied knights into battle.

Identify a factor that contributed to the end of the domination of the Spartans.

They performed on command and did not think for themselves.

Identify a feature of the ancient Olympic Games.

They were held in honor of the Greek god, Zeus.

Identify a characteristic of the chariot races in the ancient Olympic Games.

They were limited to the wealthy, who could afford to hire charioteers.

Identify a role played by gymnasiums in early Athenian culture.

They were sites for intellectual and physical activities for Greek citizens.

In the context of the Athenian educational system, which of the following is true of paidotribes?

They were the first physical education teachers.

Pages

They were the sons of nobles who were educated through stories about chivalry after leaving their homes at the age of 7.

In the Greek city-state of Sparta, Crathis and Elissa gave birth to a child. After a medical examination, they realized that the child was very weak and unhealthy. Under the agoge system, how would the Spartans treat such a child?

They would expose the child to the elements to die.

How did Friedrich Jahn promote nationalism in Germany?

Through patriotic speeches, songs, and stories

Greek gymnastics

Throwing and wrestling

Maria was a healthy girl born to a Spartan couple. According to the agoge system imposed on the people of Sparta, what was Maria's responsibility toward her state?

To bear healthy children

True or false: Due to the Athenian-led victory over the Persians in 480 B.C., gymnasiums became more like pleasure resorts than places for exercise.

True

True or false: In the 1800s, public school boys in Great Britain often demonstrated greater learning through sport than in their scholastic efforts.

True

During the 1800s in Germany, boys who trained at a turnplatz were known as ______.

Turners

Identify the skills learned by Roman boys who accompanied their fathers to military camps. (Check all that apply.)

Wrestling Archery Swimming

In early Greek culture, the educational system that ensured the singular goal of serving the city-state was called the _____.

agoge

Johann Basedow implemented naturalistic principles in a school for boys called the Philanthropinum by _____.

allotting 3 hours each day to instruction about and participation in recreational activities

During the Homeric era in Greece, the all-around mental, moral, and physical excellence of the Greek Ideal was called _____.

arete

The Greek warrior-athletes used Pan-Hellenic festivals to _____.

demonstrate their physical prowess

In early Roman culture, the Colosseum became the favorite site for the _____.

gladiatorial contests

To maintain their readiness as warriors, upper-class Athenian men practiced athletics at _____.

gymnasiums

Per Henrik Ling's theory that the knowledge of Norse literature and history combined with _____ could make Sweden a stronger nation won him the king's financial support in 1814.

gymnastics training

In the long jump event of the pentathlon, jumpers were aided by handheld weights, called _____, which were swung to enhance their performances.

halteres

In the ancient Olympic Games, chariot races took place at the _____.

hippodrome

In the context of muscular Christianity, an expected outcome of British sports for schoolboys, university men, and upper-class gentlemen was _____.

honorable victory

A true statement about the Pan-Hellenic festivals is that they _____.

included the Heraean Games for maiden women who competed in a footrace

In early Roman culture, the role of females was to _____.

instill in their sons the importance of fighting

A true statement about the stade race is that _____.

it was probably the only event in the first games at Olympia

During the ancient Olympic Games, wrestling was one of the most popular events because _____.

its competitors displayed agility, gracefulness, and strength

One of the factors that contributed to the inability of the Spartan military machine to rule its innumerable captives and lands was _____.

its disregard for intellectual development

In the tournaments held during festive occasions in Medieval Europe, _____ was an event that pitted two mounted knights armed with lances in a head-on attempt to unseat each other.

jousting

The vassal landowners in feudal European society who valued physical training were _____.

knights

In early Indian culture, yoga was a system of _____.

meditation and regulated breathing

In early Roman culture, Roman women were _____ than Athenian women.

more highly respected

Friedrich Jahn, who established the first turnplatz, used German gymnastics for _____ purposes.

nationalistic

Under the Athenian educational system in early Greek culture, palaestras were owned and directed by _____.

paidotribes

Under the Athenian educational system, a wrestling school was called a(n) _____.

palaestra

Spartan boys who were in military training competed in the _____.

pancratium

In the context of the philosophies that influenced physical education during the Age of Enlightenment, John Locke said that character _____.

required a sound mind in a sound body

A feature of early Egyptian culture is that the Egyptians _____.

showed interest in physical development if it achieved a religious objective

The ______ ______ was named because it was a footrace the length of the stadium.

stade race

In the context of muscular Christianity, _____ were viewed as ideal for nurturing the physical and moral health of boys and men during the Victorian era in Great Britain.

team sports

A(n) _____ was an outdoor exercise area, established by Friedrich Jahn, where boys trained using balance beams, ropes and ladders for climbing, broad-jumping pits, vaulting horses, and a wrestling ring.

turnplatz

Homeric Greeks held funeral games in honor of both respected soldiers killed in a battle and the gods, in which _____.

warrior-athletes competed to prove their arete

Willios was a Greek athlete who desired to participate in the ancient Olympic Games. He would have been eligible to participate in the Games if he _____.

was a free man

A feature of Danish gymnastics in the military and in schools during the period of nationalism is that it _____.

was based totally on command-response exercises

During the ancient Olympic Games, boxing events were characterized by boxers' _____.

wrapping their hands with pieces of leather

In the Greek city-state of Sparta, the pancratium was a contest combining _____ skills.

wrestling and boxing