KIN 101 Chapter 7
The ancient Olympic Games were held every ______ years and lasted _____ days in August.
4; 5
Identify an activity that was practiced by early Athenian boys at palaestras.
Boxing
Which of the following is true of early Indian culture?
Buddhism deemphasized physical activities and sought to reform the caste system.
Knightly activities
Climbing and vaulting
Identify a true statement about the gladiatorial contests held at the Colosseum.
Condemned criminals were forced to combat lions and panthers.
Identify the British upper-class sports that were popularized at private boys' boarding schools in the 1800s.
Cricket and rugby
Hjalmar Ling devised the _____, borrowing from his father's program the principles of progression and precise execution of movements on command.
Day's Order
In the context of the philosophies that influenced physical education during the Age of Enlightenment, identify a true statement about the view of French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau on the ideal way to educate a boy.
Each child possesses a unique readiness to learn in a natural developmental process.
Which of the following is true of the agoge system that was imposed on the people of Sparta by the government?
Everything was controlled by the government.
True or false: During the Homeric era in Greece, the 12 major gods of the Olympic Council were not revered as deities.
False
True or false: The renewed appreciation for classical culture that developed during the Middle Ages was called the Reformation.
False
Identify a true statement about the education of boys in early Roman culture.
Father and mothers taught their sons to become citizen-soldiers.
Military exercises
Fencing and marching
Manual labor
Gardening and woodworking
The predominant philosophy that developed during the Homeric era became known as the _____, which stressed the unity of the "man of action" and "man of wisdom."
Greek Ideal
How did Johann Basedow implement naturalistic principles in a school for boys called the Philanthropinum?
He advocated dancing, fencing, riding, and vaulting.
During the ancient Olympic Games, Nicolaos emerged victorious in a chariot race. Which of the following statements is likely to be true about Nicolaos and his victory?
He received a wreath of olive branches for his victory.
Identify a feature of the Swedish gymnastics program introduced by Per Henrik Ling.
It allowed participants to stress precise execution of movements on command.
Identify a characteristic of the Day's Order.
It consisted of daily exercises that progressed through the whole body from head to toe.
Identify a feature of boxing as a hand-to-hand combat event in the ancient Olympics.
It pitted two athletes of any size against each other.
Natural activities
Jumping and running
Identify a characteristic of the tournaments held during festive occasions in Europe in the medieval ages.
Knights fought under conditions similar to war in the grand tourney.
Identify the activities included in Johann GutsMuths's daily educational program at the Schnepfenthal Educational Institute. (Check all that apply.)
Manual labor Greek gymnastics Natural activities
Identify the movement that emphasized vigorous masculinity, such as achieved through sports, in combination with development of character.
Muscular Christianity
_____ became the dominant theme of Danish gymnastics in the early 1800s.
Nationalism
Identify the roles played by the nobility in Europe's feudalistic society. (Check all that apply.)
Pages Squires Knights
Identify a characteristic of the Renaissance period.
Philosophies directly influenced attitudes toward physical education.
Which of the following was a form of recreation among people of all classes in early Egyptian culture?
Swimming
Identify an effect of the Athenian-led victory over the Persians in 480 B.C.
The Athenian warrior-athletes were replaced by mercenary soldiers.
Identify the events that constituted the pentathlon. (Check all that apply.)
The long jump The stade race Wrestling The discus throw The javelin throw
Which of the following is true of the wrestling events in the ancient Olympic Games?
The objective was to throw an opponent to the ground three times.
Squires
They learned archery, climbing, fencing, riding, and wrestling at the age of 14 and accompanied knights into battle.
Identify a factor that contributed to the end of the domination of the Spartans.
They performed on command and did not think for themselves.
Identify a feature of the ancient Olympic Games.
They were held in honor of the Greek god, Zeus.
Identify a characteristic of the chariot races in the ancient Olympic Games.
They were limited to the wealthy, who could afford to hire charioteers.
Identify a role played by gymnasiums in early Athenian culture.
They were sites for intellectual and physical activities for Greek citizens.
In the context of the Athenian educational system, which of the following is true of paidotribes?
They were the first physical education teachers.
Pages
They were the sons of nobles who were educated through stories about chivalry after leaving their homes at the age of 7.
In the Greek city-state of Sparta, Crathis and Elissa gave birth to a child. After a medical examination, they realized that the child was very weak and unhealthy. Under the agoge system, how would the Spartans treat such a child?
They would expose the child to the elements to die.
How did Friedrich Jahn promote nationalism in Germany?
Through patriotic speeches, songs, and stories
Greek gymnastics
Throwing and wrestling
Maria was a healthy girl born to a Spartan couple. According to the agoge system imposed on the people of Sparta, what was Maria's responsibility toward her state?
To bear healthy children
True or false: Due to the Athenian-led victory over the Persians in 480 B.C., gymnasiums became more like pleasure resorts than places for exercise.
True
True or false: In the 1800s, public school boys in Great Britain often demonstrated greater learning through sport than in their scholastic efforts.
True
During the 1800s in Germany, boys who trained at a turnplatz were known as ______.
Turners
Identify the skills learned by Roman boys who accompanied their fathers to military camps. (Check all that apply.)
Wrestling Archery Swimming
In early Greek culture, the educational system that ensured the singular goal of serving the city-state was called the _____.
agoge
Johann Basedow implemented naturalistic principles in a school for boys called the Philanthropinum by _____.
allotting 3 hours each day to instruction about and participation in recreational activities
During the Homeric era in Greece, the all-around mental, moral, and physical excellence of the Greek Ideal was called _____.
arete
The Greek warrior-athletes used Pan-Hellenic festivals to _____.
demonstrate their physical prowess
In early Roman culture, the Colosseum became the favorite site for the _____.
gladiatorial contests
To maintain their readiness as warriors, upper-class Athenian men practiced athletics at _____.
gymnasiums
Per Henrik Ling's theory that the knowledge of Norse literature and history combined with _____ could make Sweden a stronger nation won him the king's financial support in 1814.
gymnastics training
In the long jump event of the pentathlon, jumpers were aided by handheld weights, called _____, which were swung to enhance their performances.
halteres
In the ancient Olympic Games, chariot races took place at the _____.
hippodrome
In the context of muscular Christianity, an expected outcome of British sports for schoolboys, university men, and upper-class gentlemen was _____.
honorable victory
A true statement about the Pan-Hellenic festivals is that they _____.
included the Heraean Games for maiden women who competed in a footrace
In early Roman culture, the role of females was to _____.
instill in their sons the importance of fighting
A true statement about the stade race is that _____.
it was probably the only event in the first games at Olympia
During the ancient Olympic Games, wrestling was one of the most popular events because _____.
its competitors displayed agility, gracefulness, and strength
One of the factors that contributed to the inability of the Spartan military machine to rule its innumerable captives and lands was _____.
its disregard for intellectual development
In the tournaments held during festive occasions in Medieval Europe, _____ was an event that pitted two mounted knights armed with lances in a head-on attempt to unseat each other.
jousting
The vassal landowners in feudal European society who valued physical training were _____.
knights
In early Indian culture, yoga was a system of _____.
meditation and regulated breathing
In early Roman culture, Roman women were _____ than Athenian women.
more highly respected
Friedrich Jahn, who established the first turnplatz, used German gymnastics for _____ purposes.
nationalistic
Under the Athenian educational system in early Greek culture, palaestras were owned and directed by _____.
paidotribes
Under the Athenian educational system, a wrestling school was called a(n) _____.
palaestra
Spartan boys who were in military training competed in the _____.
pancratium
In the context of the philosophies that influenced physical education during the Age of Enlightenment, John Locke said that character _____.
required a sound mind in a sound body
A feature of early Egyptian culture is that the Egyptians _____.
showed interest in physical development if it achieved a religious objective
The ______ ______ was named because it was a footrace the length of the stadium.
stade race
In the context of muscular Christianity, _____ were viewed as ideal for nurturing the physical and moral health of boys and men during the Victorian era in Great Britain.
team sports
A(n) _____ was an outdoor exercise area, established by Friedrich Jahn, where boys trained using balance beams, ropes and ladders for climbing, broad-jumping pits, vaulting horses, and a wrestling ring.
turnplatz
Homeric Greeks held funeral games in honor of both respected soldiers killed in a battle and the gods, in which _____.
warrior-athletes competed to prove their arete
Willios was a Greek athlete who desired to participate in the ancient Olympic Games. He would have been eligible to participate in the Games if he _____.
was a free man
A feature of Danish gymnastics in the military and in schools during the period of nationalism is that it _____.
was based totally on command-response exercises
During the ancient Olympic Games, boxing events were characterized by boxers' _____.
wrapping their hands with pieces of leather
In the Greek city-state of Sparta, the pancratium was a contest combining _____ skills.
wrestling and boxing