Kozier workbook test two
The parent of a toddler is cleaning the child's teeth. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching? 1. I'll brush my child's teeth with a hard toothbrush. 2. I'll give a fluoride supplement daily unless the drinking water is fluoridated. 3. I'll schedule an initial dental visit for my child at about two or three years of age or a soon as all 20 primary teeth have erupted. 4. I'll seek professional dental attention for any problems such as just coloring of the teeth, chipping, or signs of infection.
1. I'll brush my child's teeth with a hard toothbrush. (Use a soft toothbrush)
What is the correct bath temperature for an adult client?
110 to 115°F
Corn
A keratosis caused by friction and pressure from a shoe, usually on a bony prominence
Methods of correct dental hygiene
Brush the teeth thoroughly after meals and at bedtime; assist children; floss daily; ensure adequate intake of nutrients; avoid sweet foods and drinks between meals; Eat course, fibrous foods; have topical fluoride applications; have a check up by a dentist every six months.
Maturation
A process of differentiation and refining of abilities and skills
Defense mechanisms
Adaptive mechanisms
pyorrhea
Advanced periodontal disease with loose teeth and pus expresses when gums are pressed
Development
And increase in the complexicity of function and skill progression
Compare sudoriferous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands
Apocrine glands and eccrine glands are different types of sudoriferous sweat glands. Apocrine glands are located in the armpit and anogenital areas and begin to function at puberty. They are not really used for thermoregulation while the eccrine glands are more numerous and are found on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and forehead they cool the body through evaporation.
plantar warts
Appear on sole of the foot, caused by papovavirus hominis
Dandruff
Appears as a diffuse scaling of the scalp
Developmental task
Arises it a certain period in the life of an individual, successful achievement of which leads to success with later tasks
It is important to verify the temperature of the water to
Avoid burning a client with water that is too hot
Social learning theory
Based on the principle that individuals learn by observing and thinking about the behavior of the self and others.
Scabies
Characterized by a lesion that is short, wavy, brown or black, threadlike
periodontal disease
Characterized by gingivitis, bleeding, formation of pockets between teeth and gums
A nurse to check the temperature of the bathwater when
Clients have decreased circulation or cognitive problems and will not be able to verify the temperature
How should Eyeglasses be cared for?
Can be cleaned with warm water and dried with a soft tissue; when not being worn all glasses should be placed in an appropriately labeled case and stored in the clients bedside table drawer.
What is the proper water temperature for a clients bath?
Comfortably warm to the client; between 43°C to 46°C (110°F to 115°F)
What are the six different types of baths you can give a client?
Complete bed bath (nurse washes entire body of dependent client), self-help bed bath (client bathes themselves with help from nurse), partial bath (only parts of clients body that might cause discomfort or odor), bag bath (presoaked washcloths with no rinse cleanser), tub bath, towel bath (towel with warm water and no rinse soap placed on client and massaged)
Superego
Contains the conscience
These are usually conical (circular and raised)
Corns
What are the factors influencing individual hygienic practices?
Culture, religion, environment (financial status, etc.) , developmental level (age), health and energy, personal preferences
Describe dental caries
Darkened areas on teeth that may be painful
T/F most dentists recommend that dental hygiene should begin after the fifth errupts
False. Dental hygiene should begin when they first tooth erupts and be practiced after each feeding
T/F Water used for the shampoo should be at 46.1°C (115°F) for an adult or child to be comfortable and not injure the scalp
False. It should be 40.5°C (105°F)
Lanugo
Fine hair on the body of the fetus
General hearing aid care
For correct functioning hearing aids require appropriate handling during insertion and removal, regular cleaning of the ear mold, and replacement of dead batteries
Pediculus pubis
Found in pubic hair and tends to stay hidden in the hairs
Pediculus capitis
Found on the scale and tends to stay hidden in the hairs
A nurse is evaluating a clients understanding of nail hygiene. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching? 1. I should have clean, short nails with smooth edges. 2. I should have intact cuticles. 3. I will avoid trimming or digging into nails at the lateral corners. 4. I'll cut or file around the end of the fingernail or toenail.
Four. The clients nail should be cut or filed straight across beyond the end of the finger or toe.
A male client is having his facial hair shaved with a razor. Which action by the student nurse is not correct? 1. The student nurse holds the skin taut particularly around creases to prevent cutting the skin. 2. The nurse wears gloves in case facial nicks occur and she comes in contact with blood. 3. The nurse apply shaving cream or soap and water to soften the bristles and make the skin more pliable. 4. The nurse holds the razor so that the blade is it a 90° angle to the skin and shaves and short firm strokes in the direction of hair growth.
Four. The nurse should hold the razor so that the blade is it a 45° angle to the skin and shave in short, firm strokes in the direction of hair growth.
A nurse is evaluating a clients understanding of dental care. Which of the following statements indicate a need for further teaching? 1. Brush the teeth thoroughly after meals and at bedtime. 2. Floss the teeth daily. 3. Avoid sweets and drinks between meals. 4. Have a check up by a dentist every year
Four. You should have a check up by a dentist every six months
Which two theorists describe stages of spiritual development or faith?
Fowler and Westerhoff
Cleansing baths
Given chiefly for hygiene purposes
ingrown toenail
Growth of nail into the lateral corners of the nail bed
Describe periodontal disease
Gum disease; gums appear spongy and bleeding
Fowler's theory of spiritual development
He describes the development of faith as a force that gives meaning to a persons life. He uses the term faith as a form of knowing, a way of being in relation to an ultimate environment. He believes that the development of faith is an interactive process between the person and the environment.
Kohlberg's theory on moral development
He said moral development progresses through three levels and six stages. Levels and stages are not always linked to a certain developmental stage or age because some people progress to a higher level of moral development than others. Pre-moral/preconventional level; conventional level; post conventional/autonomous/principal level
What indicators of growth are used?
Height, weight, bone size, dentition
Fixation
Inability of the personality to proceed to the next stage because of anxiety
plaque
Invisible soft film that adheres to the enamel surface of teeth
Why is it important to brush a clients hair?
It stimulates the circulation of blood in the scalp, it distributes the oil along the hair shaft, it helps arrange the hair
Accommodation
Process of change whereby cognitive processes mature sufficiently to allow the person to solve problems that were unsolvable before
eccrine glands
Produce sweat that cools body through evaporation
When providing foot care for a client the nurse would perform which of the following? 1. When washing inspect the feet for breaks or red or swollen areas 2. Do not cover the feet and between the toes with creams or lotions to moisten the skin. 3. Do not check the water temperature before immersing the feet. 4. Wash the feet every other day and dry them well especially between the toes.
One. Nursing should cover the feet except between the toes with creams and lotions. Lotion will soften calluses. The nurse should wash feet daily
Which of the following is not appropriate for the nurse bathing a person with dementia?1. move quickly and let the person know when you're going to move him or her. 2. use a supportive calm approach and praise the person often 3. gather everything that you will need for the bath before approaching the person. 4. Help the person feel in control
One. The nurse should move slowly and let the person know when you are going to move them or ask the client to move his or her own arm or leg.
During discharge planning, the nurse is teaching a client how to prevent dry skin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1. Bathe using soap or detergent only. 2. Use bath oils, but take precautions to prevent falls caused by slippery tub surfaces. 3. Humidify the air with a humidifier or by keeping a tub or sink full of water. 4. Use moisturizing or emollient creams that contain lanolin, petroleum jelly, or cocoa butter to retain skin moisture.
One; Use cleansing creams to clean the skin rather than soap which can cause drying and allergic reactions.
What are Freud's major concepts about development?
Oral (birth - 18 Months; pleasure is accomplished by exploring the mouth and sucking); anal (18 Months - 3; pleasure is accomplished by exploring the organs of elimination); phallic (4-6; pleasure is accomplished by exploring the genitals, the child is attracted to the parent of the opposite sex); Latency (6- puberty; pleasure is directed by focusing on relationships with the same sex peers and the parent of the same sex); genital (puberty and after; pleasure is directed in the development of sexual relationships.)
pediculosis
Parasitic insects that infest mammals
Growth
Physical change and increase in size
Psychosocial development
Refers to the development of personality
Morality
Refers to the requirements necessary for people to live together in society
Moral
Relating to right and wrong
ID
Resides in the unconscious, and seeks immediate pleasure and gratification
What diseases can ticks transmit?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, lime disease, tularemia
Apocrine glands
Sweat glands located in the Axillae and anogenital areas that begin to function at puberty
What does the behaviorist learning theory emphasize?
Takes place when an individual's response to a stimulus is either positively or negatively reinforced. The more rapid, consistent, and positive the reinforcement is, the more likely a behavior is to be learned and retained.
Pediculus corporis
Tends to cling to clothing so that when a client undresses the lice may not be in evidence on the body. They suck on blood from the person to lay their eggs on the clothing
Adaptation
The ability to handle demands made by the environment
Cognitive development
The manner in which people learn to think
behind-the-ear aid (BTE)
The most widely used type because it fits snugly behind the ear
T/F An initial dental visit for a child should be at about two or three years of age, as soon as all 20 primary teeth have erupted.
True
T/F fluoride toothpaste is often recommended because of its antibacterial protection.
True
Personality
The outward expression of the inner self
Unconscious mind
The part of a person's mental life of which a person is unaware
Moral development
The pattern of change in moral behavior with agr
What is meant by the term growth?
The physical change and increase in size
Assimilation
The process through which humans encounter and react to new situations by using the mechanisms they already possess.
Ego
The realistic part of the person
Adaptive mechanisms
The result of conflicts between IDs impulses and the anxiety created by the conflicts due to social and environmental restrictions.
Libido
The underlying motivation to human development
Moral behavior
The way a person perceives the requirements of living in society and responds to them
Temperament
The way in which individuals respond to their external and internal environments
Callus
Thickened portion of epidermis
Which period do dental caries occur frequently during as a result of the excessive intake of sweets or a prolonged use of the bottle during naps and at bedtime
Toddler
T/F A dry mouth can be aggravated by poor fluid intake, heavy smoking, alcohol use, high salt intake, anxiety, and many medications.
True
Which of the following actions should the nurse perform when making the clients bed? 1. hold soiled linen close to his uniform 2. avoid shaking the soil linen 3. conserve time and energy by stripping and making up one side is much is possible 4. place the clean linens on another clients bed 5. raise the bed to a comfortable working height
Two, three, five
The nurse needs to insert a hearing aid into a clients ear. Which of the following actions is not correct? 1. Determine from the client if the ear mold is for the left or right ear. 2. Gently press that your mold into the ear while rotating it forward. 3. Inspect the ear mold to identify the ear canal portion. 4. Check that your mold fits snugly by asking the client if it feel secure and comfortable
Two. The nurse should gently press that your mold into the air while rotating it backwards.
What is the proper way to make a hospital bed?
Wear gloves when handling used linens; hold the world linens away from uniform; do not place linens on other clients bed; place soiled linen directly in the hamper; do not shake soiled linens; conserve time and energy by making up one side as much as possible before working on the other side; gather all supplies before starting
Plaque
an invisible soft film consisting of bacteria, molecules of saliva, and remnants of epithelial cells and leukocytes that adheres to the enamel surface of teeth
Ways to shampoo a clients hair
shampoo while in the shower; shampoo while sitting on a chair in front of a sink; shampoo on a stretcher wheeled to a sink; shampoo in bed with water brought to the bedside; head bath (shower cap with shampoo and conditioner)
hygiene
the science of health and its maintenance
dental caries
cavities
Scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
Personal hygiene
the self-care measures people use to maintain health and prevent disease such as bathing, toileting, general body hygiene and grooming
Fissures
deep grooves
Xerostomia
dry mouth
Cerumen
ear wax
hirsutism
excessive hair growth over the body
factors that influence growth and development
genetics (genetics, physical characteristics), temperament, family (expected behaviors), nutrition, environment (living conditions, climate, community), health, culture
Gingiva
gums
alopecia
hair loss
pediculosis
infestation with lice
Bacteriocidal
kills bacteria
Attachment
lasting, strong emotional bond
Sebum
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands that softens and lubricates the hair and skin
sudiferous glands
produce sweat from almost all body surfaces
gingivitis
red, swollen gum margins that bleed easily
