Lab #4

Internal Intercostals

- Found more medially; next to breast plate midline - Function: depression of ribs in exhalation

External Intercostals

- Found on far lateral ends of breast plate - Function: elevate ribs for inhalation

Mediastinum

Centrally located space between the lungs and the 2 pleural cavities

Left Atrium

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

Aorta

Found on top when looking at anterior surface; very thick walls and large diameter

Innermost Intercostals (No ID)

Function: depress ribs during exhalation

Subcostals (No ID)

Function: depress ribs during exhalation

Transversus thoracis (Find inverted Christmas tree shape on back of breast plate)

Muscle found in lower part of breast plate located around the inverted Christmas tree - Function: depress ribs during exhalation

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava

Sternal angle

Ridge between manubrium and sternum body where manubrialsternal joint is - it landmarks the 2nd rib

Pulmonary veins

TURN HEART AROUND, there will be 4 openings which are the pulmonary veins - bring oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Left Ventricle

Thick chamber in lower left side of heart - receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the entire body through aorta

Costal lung surface

anterior + lateral + posterior sides

Ductus Arteriosus

blood vessel in fetus connecting pulmonary artery to aorta to bypass lungs

Inferior Lobe

bottom lobe of the lung

Pulmonary Trunk

carries blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries (forms T section with 2 arteries; 1 going to left and 1 going to right lung)

Pectoralis major

chest; on top of breast plate before it is removed

Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

covers the heart's outer surface (ON the heart)

Visceral Pleura

covers the lungs (have to palpate lungs) and is continuous with parietal pleura. There is lubricating fluid in between them

Pectoralis minor (under pectoralis major when reflected)

depression of scapula and elevation of ribs during forced inhalation

Ribs 8-10 are known as _____ because they have no direct connection to sternum

false ribs; they link to rib #7 then to sternum

Oblique Fissure

fissure dividing superior+middle lobes from inferior lobe

Horizontal Fissure of RIGHT lung

fissure separating the superior and middle lobes of the right lung

Ribs 11-12 are known as ______ because they have no anterior connection at all

floating ribs

Right ventricle

found in lower right side of heart - pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae

from body to right atrium - 2 medium openings, one on top and one on the bottom; they merge to form the right atrium

Xiphoid Process

inferior pointy portion of the sternum

Diaphragmatic lung surface

inferior surface sitting on the diaphragm

Manubrialsternal joint

joint between manubrium and sternum body

Aortic semilunar valve

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Apex of the heart

lower tip of the heart

Sternum is made up of

manubrium, sternum body, xiphoid process

Mediastinal lung surface

medial surface where vein, artery, bronchial openings are

Sternum body

middle and largest portion of the breastplate

Middle Lobe (RIGHT LUNG ONLY)

middle section of the right lung

Foramen Ovale

opening between 2 atrial walls in fetus to bypass lungs b/c there is not mechanical respiration in fetus

Parietal Pleura

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall; it is a thin membrane that can be physically lifted on the body

Oblique pericardial sinus

pocket-like recess accessed by palpating behind the heart

Serratus Anterior (digitations on the side)

protract scapula

Fossa Ovalis

remnant of foramen ovale of fetal heart; wall between left and right atrium

Lungs

right is bigger than left

Parietal pericardium

sac enclosing heart; can be seen and physically lifted on the body

Ligamentum Arteriosum

small ligament attached to aorta that is the remnant of ductus arteriosus

Intercostal space

space between the ribs

Transverse Pericardial Sinus

space posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk but anterior to superior vena cava

Opening in rib cage is called

superior thoracic aperture

Apex of the lungs

superior tip of lung

Manubrium

the superior portion of the sternum

Papillary muscles

thick stems located in both ventricles

Chordae Tendineae

thin strings coming off papillary muscles that attach to cusps of valves to prevent back-flow of blood by keeping cusps down

Superior Lobe

topmost lobe of each lung

Ribs 1-7 are known as _____ because they articulate directly with the sternum

true ribs

Bicuspid Valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Tricuspid Valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Pulmonic Semilunar Valve

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Serous membranes

visceral and parietal