Lab Exam 2

Which of the following statements is/are NOT true? -During exercise in a thermoneuteral environment, core temperature goes up a little bit, but evaporative cooling keeps skin temperature relatively cool such that there is a large thermal gradient and good ability to transfer heat from the core to the skin -During exercise in a hot and humid environment, skin temperature goes up, which reduces the thermal gradient, decreases the ability to transfer heat from the core to the skin, and results in significant increases in core temperature -Radiation, Conduction, Convection, and evaporation are mechansims of heat transfer. At rest humans lose most of their heat by conduction -evaporation is responsible for most of the heat loss during exercise in humans -the part of the central nervous system that has the primary responsibilty of monitoring body temperature and maintaining it is the hypothalamus -two of these answers (are NOT true)

-Radiation, Conduction, Convection, and evaporation are mechansims of heat transfer. At rest humans lose most of their heat by conduction

iEMG integrals are often represented in scientific notation, which can be confusing for most. Which of the following iEMG integrals is the largest? 5.21 x 10-5 0.00042 7.0 x 10-4 0.000085

7.0 x 10-4

Which of the following test would be an appropriate test to determine the power of the creatine phosphate system? A 400 meter run (50-75 seconds) A vertical Jump (< 1 second) A 1 mile run (4-9 minutes) A 40 yard dash (4-8 seconds)

A 40 yard dash (4-8 seconds)

When one needs to produce more force would you expect only multiple motor unit summation, only wave summation, or both types of summation to occur? A. Both Multiple Motor Unit Summation and Wave Summation B. Only Multiple Motor Unit Summation C. Only Wave Summation D. Wave Summation if the required force is generated eccentrically, Multiple mot unit summation if the force is generated concentrically.

A. Both Multiple Motor Unit Summation and Wave Summation

Which of the following are advantages to using surface EMG over fine wire or needle-electrode EMG? Select all answers that apply. A. Less invasive B. Allows for dynamic actions C. Allows for assessment of single motor units D. Low potential of picking up multiple muscles

A. Less invasive B. Allows for dynamic actions

Which of the following factors would explain differences in force production between a strength trained and sedentary person? Select all answers that apply. A. Muscle Fiber Type B. Muscle Size C. Ability to activate motor units D. Use of elastic energy E. Resistance to fatigue

A. Muscle Fiber Type B. Muscle Size C. Ability to activate motor units D. Use of elastic energy E. Resistance to fatigue

Type I fibers would have the highest numeric value for which of the following variables compared to type IIX fibers? A. all provided choices are correct B. three answers are correct C. mitochondrial volume D. oxidative enzymes E. twitch time F. capillary density G. lipid content

A. all provided choices are correct

During the Wingate test, the measurement that would best reflect the power of the ATP-PC system would be? Absolute Anaerobic Capacity Relative Anaerobic Capcity Fatigue Index Absolute Anaerobic Power

Absolute Anaerobic Power

If a Male individual had a relative maximal anaerobic power of 17.6 watts/kg, we would consider them to be: An elite athlete Average Slightly above average Below average

An elite athlete

Which of the following atheletes would have the best fatigue index during the Wingate test? An elite basketball player An elite miler An elite 100 meter sprinter An elite marathon runner

An elite marathon runner

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism in which Ca+ influences or is involved in fatigue? A. Increased [H+] competitively competes with Ca+ when binding with troponin, making troponin reducing sensitivity. B. Decreased [Ca+] reduces neurotransmitters within the CNS, decreasing motor output signals. C. Reduction of Ca+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum increases inhibition of tropinin on tropomyosin D. Reduction of reuptake of Ca+ delays muscle relaxation

B. Decreased [Ca+] reduces neurotransmitters within the CNS, decreasing motor output signals.

A novice weight lifter is attempting a maximal 1 repetition bench press. During his final repetition, he presses the load upwards but cannot push through his sticking point. After several seconds of an isometric hold, he drops the weight as his muscles relax under the isometric tension. Which potential proprioceptor and neuromuscular reflex could have led him to dropping the weight? A. Golgi Tendon Organs, Stretch Reflex B. Golgi Tendon Organs, Inverse Stretch Reflex C. Muscle Spindle, Reciprocal Inhibition D. Muscle Spindle, Autogenic Inhibition

B. Golgi Tendon Organs, Inverse Stretch Reflex

Which of the following properties would NOT be a major determinant of muscular strength A. High myosin atpase activity B. High content of succinate dehydrogenase C. Large muscle fiber diameter D. Pennate fiber arrangement

B. High content of succinate dehydrogenase

Which of the following factors impacts leverage at a joint? Select all answers that apply. A. Energy System B. Joint Angle C. Force Arm to Resistance Arm Ratio D. Muscle Action

B. Joint Angle C. Force Arm to Resistance Arm Ratio

During fatigue as a result of isometric contractions, a decrease in motor neuron firing rate may occur and the contraction and relaxiation time of each twitch increases. This process may potentially help fatigue and is termed: A. Central Fatigue B. Muscle Wisdom C. Asynchronous Motor Unit Recruitment D. Synchronous Motor Unit Recruitment

B. Muscle Wisdom

Multiple answers A 20 year old male came to your lab for a fitness evaluation. He tries to get to the gym to do lift 2-3x/week and usually gets out for a fifteen to twenty minute jog once or twice a week. He used to throw the discus and javelin on his high school track team. At a recent 5k fundraiser he improved his time to 32.5 minutes. You determined that his VO2max was 38 ml/kg.min, his anaerobic threshold occurs at around 70% of VO2max, and his running economy is around 180 ml/kg.min. His weight was 190 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His waist circumference is 90 cm and his hip circumference is 99 cm. Using skinfolds he was 16% body fat and using bioelectrical impedance he was 19.5% body fat. Considering ALL of the relevant data you have available, do you think he is 1) aerobically fit or unfit (select A or B)? 2) of normal weight or overweight? (select C or D), 3) is there any reason to believe that he has elevated health risk? (if yes select E), then check all variables that helped you determine these answers (select from among F to J) A. aerobically fit B. aerobically unfit C. around normal weight D. overweight E. has elevated health risk F. His VO2max G. His percent body fat H. his

B. aerobically unfit C. around normal weight F. His VO2max G. His percent body fat I. his waist to hip ratio J. his 5 k running pace

Which of the following should be a priority if one wants to compare iEMG activity between subjects. For instance, what needs to be considered when we compare the iEMG activity of abdominal muscles from well trained and untrained subjects. A. iEMG should be filtered for one of the subjects B. iEMG should be normalized for both subjects to account for differences in signal resistance C. There are no special considerations when comparing different subjects D. iEMG should be integrated for one of the subjects

B. iEMG should be normalized for both subjects to account for differences in signal resistance

Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism that contributes to peripheral fatigue of skeletal muscle? A. an increae in Pi can potentially result in its precipitation with calcium in the SR and thus impair SR calcium release B. lactate can directly interfere with actin - myosin interactions and thus reduce force production C. depletion of PCr stores can contribute to peripheral fatigue D. H+ can inhibit phosphofructokinase and thus slow ATP production, and thus play a role in peripheral fatigue E. durign long duration activities, glycogen depletion can contribute to peripheral fatigue

B. lactate can directly interfere with actin - myosin interactions and thus reduce force production

iEMG amplitude would be highest for which of the following types of contractions under a constant load? A. Isometric Contractions B. Eccentric Contractions C. Concentric Contractions D. iEMG activity would not be any different between the muscle actions

C. Concentric Contractions

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of peripheral fatigue? A. Increased [Pi] disrupts calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. Reduction of blood flow to the working tissue C. Increased [ADP] blocks access of action potentials to T-tubles D. Increased [H+] disrupt the actin-myosin crossbridge

C. Increased [ADP] blocks access of action potentials to T-tubles

How many degrees per second would you have a subject move if you wanted them to perform an isometric action? A. 100 B. 25 C. 0 D. 365

C. 0

Peripheral fatigue can be seen by the following pattern of force and iEMG: A. An decrease in muscle force, and an decrease in iEMG. B. An increase in muscle force, and an increase in iEMG. C. An increase in muscle force, and an decrease in iEMG. D. A decrease in muscle force, and an increase in iEMG.

D. A decrease in muscle force, and an increase in iEMG.

Which of the following individuals would have the greatest potential to generate muscular power? A. An athlete with a high percentage of type I fibers, with the smallest cross sectional area of muscle . B. An athlete with a high percentage of type II fibers, with the smallest cross sectional area of muscle . C. An athlete with a high percentage of type I fibers, with the largest cross sectional area of muscle . D. An athlete with a high percentage of type II fibers, with the largest cross sectional area of muscle .

D. An athlete with a high percentage of type II fibers, with the largest cross sectional area of muscle .

When a joint reaches a sticking point, what changes can be seen in iEMG activity? A. No change in iEMG B. iEMG is dependent on the type of muscle action when the stiking point is reached C. A decrease in iEMG D. An increase in iEMG

D. An increase in iEMG

Power is a key determinant of athletic performance and can be calculated as: Power = Force (Newtons) x Velocity (Meters/sec). Which of the following muscle actions has the greatest potential to generate power when a maximal muscular effort is provided? A. Each muscle action could generate similar power B. Concentric Action C. Isometric Action D. Eccentric Action

D. Eccentric Action

An individual drops from a box height of 20 cm, and immediately jumps again following contact from the drop landing. Compared to their jump height from flat ground, the box jump created a higher vertical jump. What proprioceptor and reflex might have contributed to the increased jump height? A. Golgi Tendon Organ, Autogenic inhibition B. Gogi Tendon Organ, Inverse stretch reflex C. Muscle Spindle, reciprocal inhibition D. Muscle Spindle, stretch reflex

D. Muscle Spindle, stretch reflex

The process of taking negative iEMG, and incorporating it into positive iemg is termed? A. Normalization B. Filtiration C. Integration D. Rectification

D. Rectification

Proprioceptive information that is perceived by the subject is brought up the spinal cord via ascending spinal cord tracts called the ____________________________ Anterolateral spinothalamic tracts Dorsal Columns/Lemniscal system Pyramidal tracts Corticospinal tracts Afferent nervous system

Dorsal Columns/Lemniscal system

Considering pennate muscles and parallel muscles, which of the following is/are NOT true? A. pennate arrangements allow for greater force production/strength compared to parallel arrangements B. three of the answers are NOT true C. pennate arrrangements would increase the physiological cross sectional area compared to parallel muscles D. Parallel arrangements are generally associated with longer muscle fibers than pennate arrangments E. longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force

E. longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force

A cell or organism can use anaerobic metabolism only when their is a total lack of oxygen availability. True False

False

An anaerobically trained athlete with a greater anaerobic capacity will have an accumulated oxygen deficit: Equal to an untrained individual Accumulated oxygen deficit cannot discriminate training status Greater than an untrained idividual Lower than an untrained individual

Greater than an untrained idividual

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the greatest mitochondrial volume? I IIC IIAX IIA IIX

I

Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the most intramuscular triglycerides (lipids)? I IIA IIC IIX IIAX

I

Myosin heavy chain IIA and Myosin heavy chain IIX would both be found in which fiber type? IIA I IIC IIAX IIX

IIAX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest succinate dehydrogenase activity? (SDH catalyzes a step in the citric acid cycle) IIX IIAX IIA I IIC

IIX

Which of the following tests best evaluates the ability to perform work by use of the lactic acid energy system? Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Test (3-5 Minutes) The Wingate Test (30 Seconds) A 40 Yard Dash (4-8 seconds) A 1 Mile Run (4-9 minutes)

The Wingate Test (30 Seconds)

The primary difference between the Wingate test and the Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Test test for assessing Anaerobic Capacity is? The Wingate test assesses external work accomplished while the accumulated oxygen deficit test assesses internal metabolic work. Both test make an equal assessment of anaerobic capacity. The Wingate test assesses internal work accomplished while the accumulated oxygen deficit test assesses external metabolic work. The Wingate test assesses a longer time frame to exhaust anaerobic capacity compared to the accumulated oxygen deficit test.

The Wingate test assesses external work accomplished while the accumulated oxygen deficit test assesses internal metabolic work.

For the Isokinetic Action experiment (page 19, III) which of the following is true when comparing Knee Extensor v. Knee Flexor torque curves? -The knee extensors (quads) produce a greater peak torque, but a much narrow range in which peak torque is sustained compared to the knee flexors (hamstrings). This is due to the design of the knee extensors which are pennate fibers. Pennate fibers and their short fibers have a high torque output, but very limited range to sustain the torque due to the short fibers. -The torque curves for the knee extensors and the knee flexors simply produce a block like curve as the isokinetic machine forces them to contract maximally and generate full torque through out the range of motion. -The knee extensors (quads) produce a lower peak torque, but a much wider range in which peak torque is sustained compared to the knee flexors (hamstrings). This is due to the design of the knee extensors which are parallel fibers. Parallel fibers and their long fibers have a low torque output, but a large range to sustain the torque due to the short fibers. -The torque curves for the knee extensors and the knee flexors are similar in their patterns. In each case the curv

The knee extensors (quads) produce a greater peak torque, but a much narrow range in which peak torque is sustained compared to the knee flexors (hamstrings). This is due to the design of the knee extensors which are pennate fibers. Pennate fibers and their short fibers have a high torque output, but very limited range to sustain the torque due to the short fibers.

During wave summation, a muscle receives an increase in the frequency at which it is stimulated to increase force production. True False

True

The ATP-PC system recovers more rapidly then the lactic acid system. True False

True

The accumulated oxygen deficit test requires a subject to hold a supra maximal bout of exercise to exhaust their anaerobic capacity. To determine the total capacity, the actual VO2 for each minute of exercise is subtracted from the expected VO2 from the supra maximal bout of exercise. True False

True

Which of the following best describes the hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure if the goal is to improve stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle? a. We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their dorsiflexors (e.g. tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus) submaximally and then maximally while we held their fot in placethen had them relax while we pushed their leg further b. We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their gastrocnemius submaximally and then maximally while we slowly allowed their foot further into plantarflexionthen had them relax while we re-reaised their footthen we passively stretched their gastrocnemius c. We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their gastrocnemius submaximally and then maximally while we held their foot in placethen had them relax while we pushed their foot further while the subject contracts their dorsiflexor muscles d. We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached t

We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their gastrocnemius submaximally and then maximally while we held their foot in place then had them relax while we pushed their foot further while the subject contracts their dorsiflexor muscles

which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase muscle glycogen storage? a. glycogen synthase b. pyruvate dehydrogenase c. phosphofructokinase d. glucagon e. hormone sensative lipase f. insulin g. epinephrine h. phosphorylase

a. glycogen synthase f. insulin

Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase lipolysis in adipose tissue? a. hormone sensative lipase b. phosphorylase c. lipoprotein lipase d. none of these answers e. phosphofructokinase

a. hormone sensative lipase

Which of the following is/are NOT true about the effects of training on fuel substrate choice? a. untrained subjects would tend to have more fat stores, and this is the main reason that untrained subjects rely more on fats than trained subjects b. after training, at a given submaximal intensity, a trained subject would secrete less epinephrine and glucagon, so there would be less stimulation of glycogenolysis, and thus less reliance on carbohydrates c. All of these answers d. At a given intensity, a trained subject would rely more on fats than an untrained subject e. training increases muscle mitochondrial content, which increases their ability to use fats

a. untrained subjects would tend to have more fat stores, and this is the main reason that untrained subjects rely more on fats than trained subjects

Which of the following would require the greatest recruitment of motor units :a. concentric action with poor leverage b. isometric action with poor leverage c. isometric action with good leverage d. they would all be about the same

a. concentric action with poor leverage

Match the following measurements with the correct units of measurement accumulated O2 deficit fatigue index absolute maximum anaerobic power relative anaerobic capacity absolute VO2 1. Watts/kg 2. ml/kg 3. Watts 4. ml/kg.min 5. L/min 6. %

accumulated O2 deficit: 2. mL/kg fatigue index: 6. % absolute maximum anaerobic power: 3. Watts relative anaerobic capacity: 1. Watts/kg absolute VO2: 5. L/min

Which of the following is/are true about the body's glycogen stores? a. Skeletal muscle glycogen stores can be broken down to maintain blood glucose b. Beyond moderate intensities, most carbohydrate catabolism comes from glycogenolysis, not circulating glucose c. Liver glycogen stores are larger than glycogen stores elsewhere in the body d. The body's largest glycogen stores are found in skeletal muscle and the pancreas e. Liver glycogen stores can be broken down to maintain blood glucose f. skeletal muscle glycogen stores are larger than glycogen stores elsewhere in the body

b. Beyond moderate intensities, most carbohydrate catabolism comes from glycogenolysis, not circulating glucose f. skeletal muscle glycogen stores are larger than glycogen stores elsewhere in the body

Which of the following is/are true about torque during different types of muscle action? a. Eccentric Torque = Isometric Torque > Concentric Torque at any given velocity b. Eccentric Torque > Isometric Torque > Concentric Torque at any given velocity c. Eccentric Torque > Isometric Torque = Concentric Torque at any given velocity d. Eccentric Torque < Isometric Torque < Concentric Torque at any given velocity

b. Eccentric Torque > Isometric Torque > Concentric Torque at any given velocity

When using the hold-relax procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena? a. crossed extensor reflex b. Inverse stretch reflex c. reciprocal inhibition d. withdrawal reflex e. none of the above f. myotatic stretch reflex

b. Inverse stretch reflex

Which of the following would have the highest EMG activity? a. isometric bicep curl with forearm pronated with a 15 lb weight b. isometric bicep curl with forearm supinated with a 20 lb weight c. they would all be about the same d. isometric bicep curl with forearm pronated with a 20 lb weight

b. isometric bicep curl with forearm supinated with a 20 lb weight

Which of the following would have the highest iEMG integral? a. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio b. isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d. they would all be about the same

c. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio

which of the following is/are enzymes that would tend to increase glycogenesis? a. insulin b. epinephrine c. glycogen synthase d. hormone sensative lipase e. pyruvate dehydrogenase f. phosphofructokinase g. glucagon h. phosphorylase

c. glycogen synthase

If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 74F and the dry bulb temperature was 75F. The temperature in the lab was 22C (75F), the subject's core temperature was 37.1C, and their skin temperature was 34.4. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances? a. the information provided does not have enough information to identify the humidity b. It is very humid c. there is low humidity COME BACK TO THIS

c. there is low humidity

Which of the following would have the highest EMG integral with a 20 pound weight at mid flexion (~90degrees)? :a. isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin b. isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin c. they would all be about the same d. concentric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin

d. concentric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin

Which of the following would increase the number of GLUT4 transporters in the muscle cell membrane? select all that apply a. cortisol b. glucagon c. norepinephrine d. insulin e. growth hormone f. epinephrine g. muscularr activity/exercise

d. insulin g. muscularr activity/exercise

Which of the following would require the least number of motor units to be recruited when using a 15 lb weight? a. they would all be about the same b. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c. isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio

d. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio

Which of the following hormones would tend to inhibit glucose uptake by adipose tissue and muscle (at rest)? a. glycogen b. epinephrine c. insulin d. growth hormone e. norepinephrine f. glucagon g. cortisol

d. growth hormone g. cortisol

Which of the following would have the lowest EMG integral when using a 15 lb weight? a. isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio b. they would all be about the same c. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio

d. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio

Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. Large female 100m sprinter (best time 11.03s) Small female 200m sprinter (best time 22.99s) small female 800m (middle distance) runner (best 800m time 2min 6.4 sec) average sized female distance runner (mostly 10k and half marathon, best 10k time is 34min 41 sec) a.VO2max 34.7 ml/kg.minLT at 50.5 % of VO2maxAbsolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 628 WRelative Max Anaerobic Power 10.3 W/kgAccumulated O2 deficit 71.7 ml/kg b.VO2max 69.1 ml/kg.minLT at 92.4 % of VO2maxAbsolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 435 WRelative Max Anaerobic Power 7.1 W/kgAccumulated O2 deficit 48.5 ml/kg c.VO2max 34.5 ml/kg.minLT at 58% of VO2maxAbsolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 451 WRelative Max Anaerobic Power 7.5 W/kgAccumulated O2 deficit 46 ml/kg d.VO2max 31.5 ml/kg.minLT at 47% of VO2maxAbsolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 796 WRelative Max Anaerobic Power 9.7 W/kgAccumulated O2 deficit 68.2 ml/kg e.VO2max 68.2 ml/kg.minLT at

d. Large female 100m sprinter (best time 11.03s) a. Small female 200m sprinter (best time 22.99s) e. small female 800m (middle distance) runner (best 800m time 2min 6.4 sec) b. average sized female distance runner (mostly 10k and half marathon, best 10k time is 34min 41 sec)

Which of the following blood glucose values falls in the normal (not hyperglycemic, diabetic, or hypoglycemic) fasting range ? (note: mg% = mg/100ml = mg/dl) a. 8 mg% b. 1.5 mg% c. 600 mg% d. 140 mg% e. 80 mg%

e. 80 mg%

Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes breakdown of gluucose to pyruvate? a. glycogen b. glycogen synthase c. insulin d. glycogenesis e. phosphofructokinase f. glucagon g. phosphorylase

e. phosphofructokinase

When we perform a counter-movement to try to jump higher, one possible mechanism for this improvment in jump height might be tied to activating which of the following proprioreceptors? a. Joint kinesthetic receptors b. group III and IV afferents c. Ruffini endings and muscle spindles d. cutaneous Ruffini endings e. muscle spindles f. muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs g. golgi tendon organs

e. muscle spindles

In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true? a. high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calicum concentrations, which increaseses muscle glycogen breakdown b. during moderate intensity exercise a smaller percentage of calories comes from circulating fuels than during low intensity exercise c. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to increase phosphorylase activity, which tends to increase carbohydrate use d. the amount of calories coming from intramuscular triglycerides increases when we change from low to moderate intensity exercise e. the absolute number of fat calories burned at low intensities is usually higher than the amount burned during moderate intensity exercise f. high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase glycogenolysis g. high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to decreases carbohydrate use

e. the absolute number of fat calories burned at low intensities is usually higher than the amount burned during moderate intensity exercise g. high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to decreases carbohydrate use

Which of the following hormones would increase glycogen storage in the muscle? select all that apply a. growth hormone b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. glucagon e. glycogen f. insulin g. cortisol

f. insulin

During the first phase of the hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure, which of the following types of receptors is theoretically being used to help us improve range of motion? a. cutaneous Ruffini endings b. group III and IV afferents c. Joint kinesthetic receptors d. muscle spindles e. Ruffini endings and muscle spindles f. golgi tendon organs

f. golgi tendon organs

Which of the following best describes the hold relax PNF procedure if the goal is to improve stretch of the hamstrings? a.We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place then had them relax while we pushed their leg further while the subject contracts their quadriceps muscles b.We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their quadriceps submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place then had them relax while we pushed their leg further while the subject contracts their hamstring muscles c. none of these answers d.We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we slowly lowered their leg down to the tablethen had them relax while we re-reaised their legthen we passively stretched their hamstring e.We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contrac

f.We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place then had them relax while we pushed their leg further

Which of the following hormones would increase glycogenesis? select all that apply a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. glycogen d. growth hormone e. cortisol f. glucagon g. insulin

g. insulin

In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true? a. high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase glycogen breakdown b. higher intensities are associated with greater use of muscle glycogen than low intensities c. high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calicum concentrations, which increaseses glycogenolysis and increases carbohydrate use d. high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use e. higher intensities are associated with greater use of carbohydrates than low intensities f. moderate intensity exercise is associated with greater use of muscle triglyceride use than at very low intensities g. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease muscle glycogen breakdown

g. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease muscle glycogen breakdown

Match the following enzymes with the appropriate metabolic pathway/process: phosphofructokinase phosphorylase glycogen synthase hormone sensative lipase no hormone listed matches this process A. glycogenolysis B. lipolysis C. lipogenesis D. glycolysis E. glycogenesis

phosphofructokinase: D. glycolysis phosphorylase: A. glycogenolysis glycogen synthase: E. glycogenesis hormone sensative lipase: B. lipolysis no hormone listed matches this process: C. lipogenesis