Lab Practical 1

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

Justify your choice of an objective to use when starting your observation of the Euglena wet mount; if the Euglena are swimming to the left, which way should you move your slide to keep the organism in view?

Start with the lowest power objective so the field of view is the largest (scanning). Move the slide to the right.

If you use the coarse-adjustment knob to focus on an object with the high-power objective, what problems will you encounter? Explain.

The object will not be in focus anymore. The stage will be moved drastically and may also slam into the objective.

What is the order from outside to inside of the prokaryotic cell?

capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane

What states that all organisms are composed of cells and that cells come only from other cells?

cell theory

What molecule is associated with plant cell walls?

cellulose

What plant cell organelle carries out photosynthesis?

chloroplasts

What two things are found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

chromatin/DNA and nucleolus

What three units equal each other?

cm3, cc, ml

What is the color of isotonic red blood cell test tube?

dark red

What is the length of the field from one edge to the other?

diameter of field

If the amount of light passing through the condenser needs to be decreased, what microscope part should be adjusted?

diaphragm

What is the movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration called?

diffusion

What is the circle visible through the lenses?

field of view

If a slide is being viewed with the high-power objective, which adjustment knob should be used to sharpen the focus?

fine-adjustment knob

In the "diffusion across the plasma membrane experiment" what was in the bag before the test and what was in it after?

glucose and starch; starch

What is the basic unit for mass?

gram (g)

What is the formula to find the high-power diameter of field (HPD)?

high-power diameter of field = low-power diameter of field x (low-power total magnification/high-power total magnification)

What kind of solution causes crenation to happen to red blood cells?

hypertonic

What solution has a higher solute (therefore, lower water) concentration than the cell?

hypertonic

Which solutions have water in them?

hypertonic and hypotonic

Which solution cause the red blood cells to shrivel up, what is this called?

hypertonic; crenation

What kind of solution causes chloroplasts to be pushed outward against the cell wall?

hypotonic

What solution has a lower solute (therefore, higher water) concentration than the cell?

hypotonic

Which solution causes the red blood cells to burst, what is this called?

hypotonic, hemolysis or cytolysis

Does water move into or out of cells that are placed in a hypotonic solution?

into

In the "diffusion across the plasma membrane experiment" why did the color of the bag change?

iodine went into it

What solution has the same concentration of solute (and therefore of water) as the cell?

isotonic

What is an advantage of the stereoscope (dissecting microscope over the compound light microscope?

it allows you to view objects in three dimensions at lower magnifications

As seen in the e experiment, what happens do the object when you look through the microscope?

it is flipped over the z-axis

What is an advantage of the metric system over the standard one?

it is in powers of ten

How is a wet mount prepared?

it is prepared by placing a drop of liquid on a slide or, if the material is dry, by placing it directly on the slide and adding a drop of water or stain. It is then covered with a cover slip

What does the plasma membrane do?

it regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cytoplasm

What is the order for the conversions? (full names)

kilometer.hectometer.decameter.meter.decimeter. centimeter.millimeter...micrometer...nanometer... picometer

What are the unique structures for the plant cells?

large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast

Which type of measurements were found in lab 2?

length, weight, volume, temperature

What is the only thing you can use to clean a lens?

lens paper

What does the condenser do on the compound microscope?

lens system below the stage used to focus the beam of light on the objective being viewed

What does the diaphragm do on the compound microscope?

lever that controls the amount of light passing through the condenser

What is the color of hypotonic red blood cell test tube?

light red

What is the unit for volume?

liter (l)

What is the difference between a longitudinal and cross section of an object?

longitudinal sections are cut lengthwise and cross sections are cut crosswise

What is the lowest margin of the water level?

meniscus

What is the basic unit for length?

meter (m)

Which system of measurement is used in science?

metric

What instruments are used to observe objects smaller than a millimeter?

microscopes

What energy (ATP) producing organelle is found in animal and plant cells?

mitochondria

How do you get the total magnification?

multiply ocular lens by objective lens

What is the name for the lenses located near the eye?

ocular

What is the movement of water across the plasma membrane called?

osmosis

Does water move into or out of cells that are placed in a hypertonic solution?

out

What word describes a microscope that remains in focus when the objective lenses are changed?

parfocal

Cytoplasm is enclosed by the what?

plasma membrane

What regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cytoplasm?

plasma membrane

What cellular components are common to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA

What kind of cells lack a nucleus?

prokaryotic

In the "diffusion across the plasma membrane experiment" what was the color of the bag after the reaction?

purple

What is the color of hypertonic red blood cell test tube?

red

Which term describes the minimum distance between two objects required to distinguish them as two separate objects?

resolution

What structures associated with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells carry out protein synthesis?

ribosomes

Which objective should be in place when the microscope is put away?

scanning

What are organelles?

small membranous bodies, each with a specific structure and function

What are the unique structures for the animal cells?

small vacuoles, centrioles

What is used to improve contrast when viewing clear portions of cells?

stains

What kind of microscope would be used to study a whole or opaque object?

stereomicroscope

What are the differences between the stereomicroscope and compound light microscope?

steromicroscopes view entire objects, compound light microscope view small, thin sections

What happens when plant cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

the central vacuole loses water, and the cytoplasm, including the chloroplasts, pulls away from the cell wall. This is called plasmolysis

What happens when plant cells are placed in a hypotonic solution?

the large central vacuole gains water and exerts pressure, called turgor pressure. The cytoplasm, including the chloroplasts, is pushed up against the cell wall

List several types of microscopes.

Electron microscope, dissecting microscope, compound light microscope

Describe the advantages of using the metric system you discovered during the lab.

Converting between units was simple, decimals were easy to understand, and temperature scale made more sens with 0 C as freezing and 100 C as boiling

Explain how you would measure the volume of a solid object such as a rock?

I would partially fill a graduated cylinder or similar container with water and record the initial volume. Then, I would place the object in the container and record the new volume of water. Subtracting the initial volume from the final volume would give the volume of the object in ml which is also equivalent to cubic centimeters.

What is the order for the conversions? (abbreviations)

Km.Hm.Dam.M.Dm.Cm.Mm...Um...Nm...Pm

Why is it advantageous to use a standard measurement system in all sciences?

Scientists from different countries are better able to share their information if they all use a standard system

To properly measure 20 ml of water, what must be at the 20 ml mark of the graduated cylinder?

the meniscus

When cells are placed in an isotonic solution where does the water go?

there is no net movement of water

What happens to potato strips in hypotonic solutions?

they gain water and become firm

What happens to potato strips in hypertonic solution

they lose water and become flimsy

What is the relative concentration of solute (particles), and therefore also of solvent (water), outside the cell compared with inside the cell?

tonicity

What instrument is used to measure mass?

triple beam balance

What does the term compound mean?

two sets of lenses

A solution of what is isotonic to red blood cells?

0.9% NaCl

3.4 l equals how many ml?

3,400

If the total magnification of a slide is 400x and the ocular lenses are 10x, what is the magnifying power of the objective being used?

40x

What is the magnification power of the high-power objective?

40x

What is the magnification power of the scanning objective?

4x

22 C equals how many degrees F?

71.6 F

What is freezing on the Celsius temperature scale?

0

880 mm equals how many m?

0.88 m

19 mm equals how many cm?

1.9 cm

Which type of microscope should be used to view a virus that is 50nm in size? Justify your choice.

An electron microscope should be used. With the light microscope you would only see a dot. With the electron microscope you would see more details

What is boiling on the Celsius temperature scale?

100

What is the magnification power of the oil immersion objective?

100x

What is the magnification power of the low-power objective?

10x

What is the magnification power of the ocular lens?

10x

2700 mg equals how many grams?

2.7 g

In the "diffusion across the plasma membrane experiment" after it was over, when it was heated up the blue turned into orange meaning what?

Benedict's test, indicating a simple sugar (glucose) has escaped the bag

Which temperature scale is used in science?

Celsius


Set pelajaran terkait

Discovering The Life Span Meehan Test 4 Chapter 7,8

View Set

Chapter 5: Professional Auditing Standards and the Audit Opinion Formulation--True/False Questions

View Set

Software Engineering: Chapter 1 (excluding 1.3)

View Set

3.4 Rule of 72/compound interest

View Set