lecture test two
Which layer contains most of the accessory structures?
3 (middle layer)
Which of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is false?
Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands.
________ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.
Terminologia Anatomica
An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is
anterior
Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
cardiovascular
Organ physiology is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________.
cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
The common term for the buccal region is the
cheeks
During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?
cold, pale skin
The clinical term for a bruise is a(n)
contusion.
Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum
corneum.
__________ is the bluish coloration of the skin that results from insufficient oxygen in the blood.
cyanosis
The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called
cytology
The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to
cytology.
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed
homeostasis
The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
homeostasis
Disease is an indicator of
homeostatic failure.
The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the
hypothalamus
The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ________ anatomy.
developmental
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
digestive
Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys?
digital subtraction angiography
In general, the nervous system does each of the following except
direct long-term responses to change.
The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
distal
Germinative cells
divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
The chin is ________ to the nose.
inferior
Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
integumentary
Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal?
kidney
The common name for the patella is the
knee
Scar tissue is the result of
large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
Anatomy uses a special language, called ________ terminology, which involves the use of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease.
medical
The nail body covers the
nail bed
If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.
negative
When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
negative feedback
Visceral pericardium is located
on the heart itself
Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe
one body part in relation to another.
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?
ovary
A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.
parasagittal
Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy.
pathological
Which of the following terms refers to the foot?
pedal
The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except
pelvic quadrant
The thoracic cavity contains the
pericardial and pleural cavities.
Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.
pericardial cavity
The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the
peritoneum.
Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.
physiology
If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.
positive
This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.
positive
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
A person lying face down is in the ________ position.
prone
Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
receptor; control center; effector
Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
structure; function
A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position.
supine
The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.
surface
The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
systemic physiology
Cardiovascular function is an example of
systemic physiology.
The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is
transverse at the hips
Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
upper
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.
urinary
The common term for the carpal region is the
wrist
Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
lymphatic
The heart is ________ to the lungs.
medial
________ is considered the oldest medical science.
anatomy
Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?
Blood flow to the skin increases.
________ results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.
Extrinsic regulation
While standing in the anatomical position,
all answers are correct
A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
________ occurs when the activities of organs are regulated locally.
amplification
A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.
anatomical
Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts.
anatomy
Vitamin D3 is important for proper ________ development.
bone
A bruise turns "black and blue" because of ________ in the dermis.
broken blood vessels
A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)
effector
The study of the first two months of development is termed
embryology
The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.
endocrine
The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the
epidermis
In a penetrating wound, ________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.
fibroblasts
Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?
gluteal
The combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called ________ tissue.
granulation
A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the
heart
The central principle of physiology is
homeostasis
In the condition known as erythema, the skin takes on a ________ color.
reddish
The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ________ anatomy.
regional
Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
respiratory
A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is
rickets
The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.
right lower, left lower
The right pleural cavity contains
right lung
The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.
right upper
While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
toward the heel
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
sagittal
Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for
secretion
The mediastinum
separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.
Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
skeletal
Types of skin cancers include
squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and basal cell carcinoma
An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. Charlie is suffering from a(n) ________ burn.
third-degree
The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ________ burn.
third-degree
The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
thoracic and abdominopelvic.
The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.
thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
The common name for the pollex is the
thumb
A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n)
tight junction.