Lifecycle Final Exam
__________________________ is the treatment of disease through the use of drugs.
Pharmacotherapy
Which is NOT true regarding the maternal benefits of breastfeeding? a. Reliable form of birth control b. May reduce risk of certain cancers c. Helps uterus return to prenatal size Supports maternal infant bonding
a. Reliable form of birth control
As people age, vitamin D synthesis in the skin declines fourfold, and the kidneys' ability to activate it diminishes, setting the stage for deficiency. a. True b. False
a. True
True or False? Functional status in older adults is a better indicator of health status than is chronological age. a. True b. False
a. True
The first organ to develop is the a. brain b. heart c. liver d. lungs
a. brain
inadequate intake of vitamin C during pregnancy may adversely affect_________. a. collagen synthesis b. hormone synthesis c. fat synthesis d. blood glucose levels
a. collagen synthesis
Which of the following id NOT a risk associated with adolescent pregnancy? a. gestational diabetes b. low BW c. iron-deficiency anemia d. preeclampsia
a. gestational diabetes
The fetus's preferred fuel is a. glucose b. fat c. glycogen d. protein
a. glucose
Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient? a. glucose b. vitamins c. linoleic acid d. sodium
a. glucose
Joe is 45 years old, 70 inches tall, 257 pounds, and has a waist circumference of 104 cm. Joe's doctor says he is at risk for metabolic abnormalities and chronic diseases, mostly because Joe ______. a. has a high amount of visceral fat b. has a significant amount of subcutaneous fat c. has a high BMR d. has a high amount of yellow fat e. is too stocky
a. has a high amount of visceral fat
The purpose of using a screening tool like DETERMINE or MNA is to ____. a. identify barriers to optimal nutritional status. b. identify medications that interfere with the metabolism of fats and protein. c. assess an older person's eligibility for home-delivered meals. d. check on people newly diagnosed with serious illness. e. provide economic assistance to older people.
a. identify barriers to optimal nutritional status.
Nutrition assessment of pregnant women usually includes tests for ________ status. a. iron b. zinc c. calcium d. protein
a. iron
Because _______________, a child in utero is at high risk if the mother contracts listeria a. the placenta allows listeria in the mothers body to reach the fetus b. the fetal liver is not fully developed c. listeria infects the birth canal d. listeria contaminates breast milk
a. the placenta allows listeria in the mothers body to reach the fetus
Body mass index and _____ are indicators of overweight and obesity in adults. a. waist circumference b. percent body fat c. height d. weight e. hip-to-waist difference
a. waist circumference
What serving of food counts as a single carbohydrate serving and provides about 15 grams of carbohydrates? a. ½ cup cooked cereal b. 2 cups of soy milk c. 2 cups of vegetable soup d. 1 cup pudding e. 5 small cookies
a. ½ cup cooked cereal
What is the protein macronutrient recommendation for men with HIV? a. 80-100 g per day b. 100-150 g per day c. 25-50 g per day d. Limit protein consumption
b. 100-150 g per day
In type ____ diabetes mellitus, the receptors do not adequately respond to insulin resulting in increased blood glucose. In type ___ diabetes mellitus the beta cells are not able to produce adequate insulin due to autoimmune destruction. a. 1,2 b. 2,1 c. 1, gestational d. 2, gestational
b. 2,1
When is an embryo considered a fetus? a. 4 weeks b. 9 weeks c. 6 months d. 8 months
b. 9 weeks
Calorie restriction extends the life span of most older adults. a. True b. False
b. False
Which type of cholesterol delivers cholesterol to cells for storage and synthesis of hormones? a. HDL b. LDL c. Very high density lipoproteins d. All of these are correct.
b. LDL
A surge in _____ levels resulting in the release of an ovum from the ovary a. FSH b. LH c. gonadotropin releasing hormone d. progesterone
b. LH
Which country has the highest obesity rate in the world? a. Canada b. United States c. China d. Mexico
b. United States
Pregnant women who are vegans are at a risk for deficiency of all EXCEPT a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B12 d. Omega 3 fatty acids
b. Vitamin C
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the ______ of the pancreas that produce ______ are destroyed by the body's own immune system. a. delta cells; glucose b. beta cells; insulin c. beta cells; glucagon d. alpha cells; insulin e. digestive enzymes; glycogen
b. beta cells; insulin
Viscous fiber holds water in the gut, forming a thick gel that reduces absorption of cholesterol-rich _____ and carrying them out of the body, thereby reducing ______ levels. a. chylomicrons; total cholesterol b. bile acids; LDL c. fat cells; triglyceride d. protein carriers; LDL e. white blood cells; triglyceride
b. bile acids; LDL
Lower levels of visceral fat will ________ an individual's risk of developing many chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. a. increase b. decrease c. not affect
b. decrease
Which is NOT true regarding uncontrolled blood glucose levels during pregnancy and fetal development? a. fetal malformations b. decreased weight at birth c. excessive infant size at birth d. increased risk of diabetes later in life
b. decreased weight at birth
What is the most effective cure for preeclampsia? a. Vitamin K supplementation b. delivery of baby and placenta c. exercise d. high blood pressure medication
b. delivery of baby and placenta
The term used for the nutrient intake standards for healthy people is a. adequate intake b. dietary reference intake c. recommended dietary allowances d. estimated reference intakes
b. dietary reference intake
For lunch you have shrimp, beans, and spinach salad with a glass of milk and a fruit salad for dessert. What basic food group is missing from your meal? a. vegetables b. grains c. fruits d. protein foods
b. grains
Which of the following is NOT an effective way to manage heartburn during pregnancy? a. consume more fiber b. lie flat while sleeping c. consume small meals d. all fo these reduce heartburn
b. lie flat while sleeping
Which of the following is not part of a healthy weight loss plan? a. participate in regular physical activity b. lose approximately 5 pounds/week c. eat smaller portions that include lower fat options d. set specific goals
b. lose approximately 5 pounds/week
What combination of symptoms would be diagnosed as metabolic syndrome? a. female waist circumference of 29 inches, diastolic blood pressure of 69 mmHg, and LDL of 95 mg/dL b. male waist circumference of 42 inches, systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, and HDL of 30 mg/dL c. fasting plasma glucose of 100 mg/dL, LDL of 76 mg/dL, and systolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg d. male waist circumference of 43 inches, fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL, and HDL level of 80 mg/dL e. female waist circumference of 33 inches, fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dL, and HDL of 50 mg/dL
b. male waist circumference of 42 inches, systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, and HDL of 30 mg/dL
The hormone that predominates during the secretory uterine phase is a. estrogen b. progesterone c. hCG d. FSH
b. progesterone
Men with high levels of body fat can experience fertility problems due to hormonal changes related to the metabolism of ________________ in adipose tissue. a. cholesterol b. testosterone c. glucose d. triglycerides
b. testosterone
The dietary improvement most needed in the older adult population is a. to reduce the consumption of dairy products. b. to eat more vegetables and whole grains. c. to drink red wine in moderation for heart health. d. to take multivitamin and mineral supplements each day. e. to increase caloric intake as the body becomes weaker.
b. to eat more vegetables and whole grains.
A leading reason for increased prevalence of multifetal pregnancies in developed countries is a. better nutrition knowledge b. use of assisted reproductive technologies c. decreased age for first pregnancies d. improved periconceptional nutrition of men and women
b. use of assisted reproductive technologies
The digestive system during the infancy can be described: a. GI problems frequently interfere with health and growth in infants b. The GI tract is completely functional by 9 months of age c. Infant stools change based on the ability of the villi to absorb nutrients d. All of these are true
c. Infant stools change based on the ability of the villi to absorb nutrients
Energy deficits that characterize hypothalamic amenorrhea appear to have what effect of GnRH? a. in increases GnRH b. it has no effect on GnRH c. It suppresses GnRH d. it permanently affects GnRH
c. It suppresses GnRH
What is the nation's largest food assistance program? a. WIC b. school lunch program c. SNAP d. meals on wheels
c. SNAP
Which is NOT an example of enrichment? a. replacing niacin in refined grains b. replacing iron in refined grains c. adding folic acid to refined grains d. all of these are examples of enrichment
c. adding folic acid to refined grains
The goal of clinical management of metabolic syndrome is to reduce the risk of _______ and progression to ______. a. vitamin/mineral toxicity; diabetes b. dementia; congestive heart failure c. atherosclerotic disease; diabetes d. insulin resistance; COPD e. renal failure; kidney disease
c. atherosclerotic disease; diabetes
Which type of diet emphasizes plant foods, appropriate fats, and fish, along with smaller amounts of lean meat and dairy? a. a low HDL and high LDL diet b. ketogenic diet c. cardio-protective diet d. therapeutic lifestyle diet
c. cardio-protective diet
Pregnant adolescents are at risk for deficiencies in all EXCEPT a. iron b. calcium c. fat d. all of these nutrients are limited
c. fat
Inadequate intake of fat during pregnancy may adversely affect a. protein synthesis b. blood glucose levels c. fetal brain development d. fetal hemoglobin production
c. fetal brain development
Viscous __________ hold(s) water in the gut, forming a thick gel that reduces absorption of cholesterol-rich bile acids and carries them out of the body. a. trans fats b. saturated fat c. fiber d. stanols
c. fiber
The "h" in hCG stands for a. hyper b. hypothalamic c. human d. hemo
c. human
What are two early biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases? a. ischemia and comorbidity b. atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia c. hyperlipidemia and hypertension d. low triglycerides and low coronary artery calcium score
c. hyperlipidemia and hypertension
Which of the following is NOT part of the nutrition assessment of the nutrition care process? a. biochemical data b. anthropometric measurements c. nutrition counseling d. food and nutrition history
c. nutrition counseling
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of celiac disease? a. iron-deficiency anemia b. diarrhea c. obesity d. fatigue
c. obesity
Select the statement about the physiological effects of HIV that is NOT correct. a. Nutrient malabsorption can further compromise nutrient stores. b. HIV causes a decline in immune function. c. Macronutrient needs increase. d. HIV infection decreases resting energy requirements.
d. HIV infection decreases resting energy requirements.
Which statement about metabolic syndrome is NOT correct? a. One characteristic of metabolic syndrome is abdominal obesity. b. Another term for metabolic syndrome is syndrome X. c. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. d. One characteristic of metabolic syndrome is high HDL cholesterol.
d. One characteristic of metabolic syndrome is high HDL cholesterol.
Which of the following best describes hCG? a. an ovarian hormone that stimulates follicular estrogen production b. an ovarian hormone that stimulates the liver to store glycogen c. a placental hormone that has estrogen activity d. a placental hormone that has LH activity
d. a placental hormone that has LH activity
What is the correct order of the stages of cancer development? a. invasion and metastasis, activation, initiation, progression, promotion b. activation, promotion, initiation, invasion and metastasis, progression c. initiation, promotion, invasion, activation, progression and metastasis d. activation, initiation, promotion, progression, invasion and metastasis e. initiation, activation, progression, promotion, metastasis and invasion
d. activation, initiation, promotion, progression, invasion and metastasis
Which of the following is NOT a normal physiological change that occurs during pregnancy a. immunosuppression b. increased insulin resistance c. heartburn d. decreased metabolic rate
d. decreased metabolic rate
Where do the majority of cancers originate? a. nervous tissue b. connective tissue c. muscle d. epithelial tissue
d. epithelial tissue
Increased fluid volume during pregnancy is expected in order to________________ a. reduce the occurrence of edema b. protect woman from hyponatremia c. enable the transfer of vitamins A,D,E,and K to the fetus d. expand blood flow and nutrient transfer to the fetus
d. expand blood flow and nutrient transfer to the fetus
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the fertility of men? a. heavy metal exposure b. high intake of soy foods c. inadequate zinc status d. poor iron stores
d. poor iron stores
What condition associated with overweight and obesity is classified as a cardiometabolic condition? a. depression b. infertility c. gastrointestinal reflux disease d. prediabetes e. urinary stress
d. prediabetes
Which foods increase the risk for developing cancer? a. coffee and tea b. yogurt and ice cream c. oatmeal and brown rice d. red and processed meats e. foods containing fructose
d. red and processed meats
What nutrition-related factor is associated with increased cancer risk? a. soda b. green tea c. white flour d. salty foods e. whole milk
d. salty foods
Which is a potentially effective nutrition intervention for an obese man experiencing infertility? a. having his partner monitor his caloric intake b. recommending packaged foods c. access to WIC vouchers d. teaching him to interpret Daily Values on packaged foods
d. teaching him to interpret Daily Values on packaged foods
A 45-year-old Caucasian male who is 68 inches tall and weighs 165 pounds has recently tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To maintain his weight for HIV management purposes, how many calories per day should this person consume? a. 2475 kcals b. 3500 kcals c. 135 kcals d. 1850 kcals e. 2805 kcals
e. 2805 kcals
For adults with a BMI of 27 to 35, a reasonable weight-loss strategy is to increase activity and reduce food intake to create a daily deficit of ____ kcal. a. 750 to 1000 b. 500 to 750 c. 100 to 200 d. 200 to 300 e. 300 to 500
e. 300 to 500
Class II obesity is associated with a BMI value in the range of _______ kg/m2. a. >42.0 b. 19.5-23.9 c. 32.0-42.9 d. 25.0-29.9 e. 35.0-39.9
e. 35.0-39.9
Michael has an LDL level of 145 mg/dL and an HDL level of 45 mg/dL. He is at risk for ____. a. cancer b. diabetes c. metabolic syndrome d. obesity e. CVD
e. CVD
What reading meets the criteria for risk of coronary heart disease? a. fasting blood glucose of 95 mg/dL b. blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg c. LDL level of 85 mg/dL d. hip circumference of 30 inches e. HDL <40mg/dL
e. HDL <40mg/dL
Type 1 diabetes is ____; type 2 diabetes is _____. a. associated with insulin resistance; associated with high sucrose diets b. present only in young children; present only in people over 15 years of age c. associated with obesity; associated with eating disorders d. a chronic disease; an inborn error of metabolism e. an autoimmune disorder; a chronic condition involving insulin resistance
e. an autoimmune disorder; a chronic condition involving insulin resistance
What is the number one cause of death among people with diabetes? a. hepatic failure b. pneumonia c. infections d. coma e. heart disease
e. heart disease
What lifestyle factor or biochemical marker is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases? a. low alcohol intake b. low VLDL cholesterol c. low lipoprotein levels d. high HDL cholesterol e. smoking
e. smoking
________________________ is the abnormal metabolism and deposition of fat.
lipodystrophy
An important consideration that health professionals should keep in mind when providing nutrition counseling to adolescents is____? (a) involve the adolescent in the decision-making process (b) establish a good rapport (c) develop one or two goals during a counseling session (d) all of these.
(d) all of these.
Which cognitive ability is associated with development during late adolescence? (a) concrete thinking (b) impulsive behavior (c) egocentrism (d) abstract thinking
(d) abstract thinking
Phenolic compounds (a) have anti-oxidant properties (b) gives fruits and vegetables color (c) can be anti-inflammatory (d) all of these
(d) all of these
School-aged children who regularly skip breakfast (a) often have trouble concentrating in school (b) tend to be underweight (c) are at risk for diabetes (d) all of these
(d) all of these
Select a nutrient important in supporting optimal bone growth (a) vitamin K (b) vitamin D (c) magnesium (d) all of these
(d) all of these
Identify a benefit to teens who participate in family meals at least six times a week (a) improved academic outcomes (b) less likely to use alcohol (c) improved dietary intake (d) all of these are correct
(d) all of these are correct
Type I diabetes is (a) associated with insulin resistance (b) associated with aging and obesity (c) more common than type 2 diabetes (d) an autoimmune disorder
(d) an autoimmune disorder
A measure of the nutrients that a food provides relative to the energy it provides is called (a) calorie control (b) nutritional adequacy (c) healthy choices (d) nutrient density
(d) nutrient density
Food high in ____ enhance the absorption of iron from the diet. (a) niacin (b) zinc (c) vitamin E (d) vitamin C
(d) vitamin C
Adolescents who use tobacco have been shown to have higher ___ requirements while those who use alcohol have higher ____ requirements (a) calcium, vitamin D (b) iron, zinc (c) vitamin E, sodium (d) vitamin C, thiamin
(d) vitamin C, thiamin
Today, life expectancy at birth in the United States is _____________ years
78.6
______________________________________ is a chronic disorder that results when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing troublesome symptoms and/or complications like heartburn.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What is an intervention that is associated with decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD)? a. physical activity and cognitive engagement b. increased intake of vitamin C and vitamin D c. consuming 1-2 glasses of red wine daily d. All of these are correct.
a. physical activity and cognitive engagement
What type of fat contains no double bonds and is solid at room temp? a. saturated b. cholesterol c. polyunsaturated d. lipoproteins
a. saturated
The _____________ is used to identify adults who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, and the focus of this particular tool is to predict ability to combat disease.
MUST
The Social Security Program identifies people 65 years old as being eligible for ________________ , a federal health insurance for all people age 65 and older, and for younger individuals with certain disabling conditions.
Medicare
_____________________________ occurs when an individual's set point for weight maintenance shifts and stabilizes at a higher weight level.
Metabolic Obesity
What lifestyle factor contributes most to a decreased life span? a. smoking b. poor intake of vegetables c. social isolation d. physical inactivity e. work environment
a. smoking
Which lipid has the greatest influence on blood cholesterol levels? a. trans fats b. alpha-linoleic acid c. cholesterol d. saturated fat
a. trans fats
Which nutrient is a potent antioxidant associated with enhanced immune function and cognitive status? a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. folate d. vitamin D
a. vitamin E
Which lifestyle modification is most likely to result in a reduction in blood pressure? a. weight reduction of 10 lb b. adopting the DASH eating plan c. moderate alcohol consumption d. physical exercise e. sodium restriction
a. weight reduction of 10 lb
______________________________________ is an approach to care that is respectful of and responsive to the patient's preferences, needs, and values and ensures that the patient's values guide all clinical decisions.
Patient-centered care
When should breastfed infants be fed? a. When they cry b. When they show signs of hunger c. When they wake up from a nap d. 3 hours after the last feeding
b. When they show signs of hunger
The risk for developing osteoporosis in late adulthood is affected by calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium intake during the ____________ years, and by current ________ levels. a. middle adulthood; economic b. adolescent; exercise c. prenatal; amino acid d. postmenopausal; vitamin C e. preschool; lipoprotein
b. adolescent; exercise
The microorganisms responsible for most food infections are a. bacteria and parasites b. bacteria and viruses c. viruses and prions d. environmental toxins
b. bacteria and viruses
Older adults need more ____________ and less ____________ than the daily values used in labeling.
Vitamin C; Iron
Select the condition that is NOT associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. a. chronic substance abuse b. Parkinson's c. depression d. hypertension
d. hypertension
High levels of intra-abdominal fat in women contribute to all EXCEPT: a. amenorrhea b. reduced response to fertility treatments c. delayed conception d. increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring
d. increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring
Older adults have lower circulating levels of _________________ , the signaling protein that stimulates appetite, so the response to eat after caloric deprivation is less acute in older adults.
ghrelin
Of all physiologic changes that occur during aging, the biggest effect on nutritional status and physical resilience is due to the shifts in the _________________________________ system.
musculoskeletal
_____________________________ has no known cause, although genetic triggers have been linked to its development. It is characterized by degeneration of bone and cartilage in joints, bone hypertrophy, changes in the synovial membrane, hardening of soft tissues, and inflammation leading to tissue damage.
osteoarthritis
_____________________________ is a term used to describe low lean body mass combined with excessive fat stores, which may complicate intentional weight loss in older adults.
sarcopenic obesity
A stroke and a(n) ____________________________ are serious conditions involving reduced cerebral blood flow, and both are markers for increased risk of disability and death.
transient ischemic attack
Which is NOT a risk factor for developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy? a. obesity b. under age of 35 c. multifetal pregnancy d. family history of type 2 diabetes
b. under age of 35
Deficiencies of ____ and ____ may contribute to dementia in adults over 70 years of age. a. vitamin C and iron b. vitamin B12 and folate c. sodium and copper d. magnesium and thiamine e. riboflavin and calcium
b. vitamin B12 and folate
In addition to poor oral hygiene, a diet deficient in what vitamin and mineral contributes to periodontal disease? a. vitamin K and vitamin B6 b. vitamin C and zinc c. vitamin B1 and iodine d. vitamin E and fluoride e. folic acid and magnesium
b. vitamin C and zinc
Which hormones stimulate follicle development? a. LH b.FSH c. estrogen d. progesterone
b.FSH
What amount of weight loss is linked to reduced stress on knees during daily activities and enhanced management of heart disease? a. 5 lb b. 8 lb c. 1 lb d. 10 lb
c. 1 lb
What is the calorie level recommended for a sedentary female over the age of 76? a. 2000 b. 2400 c. 1600 d. 1200
c. 1600
What is the suggested daily fluid intake level for an older adult? a. 4 cups b. 3 cups c. 6 cups d. 5 cups
c. 6 cups
The health benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the lower rates of weight gain for pre-term infants, so breastfeeding is recommended with the addition of a. Formula feeding twice a day b. Addition of water to prevent dehydration c. Addition of human milk fortifiers d. There are no additions needed for breastfed infant
c. Addition of human milk fortifiers
Children with require increased calories due to their condition a. Down Syndrome b. Non-ambulatory diplegia c. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Prader-Willi syndrome
c. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Celiac Disease a. Is rare in children b. Is most frequently seen in Hispanic children c. Can be associated with children with Down syndrome or Turner's syndrome d. All of these are true
c. Can be associated with children with Down syndrome or Turner's syndrome
A toddler should be allowed to self-feed, with adult supervision to prevent a. Overheating b. Eating only one food c. Choking d. Dropping food on the floor
c. Choking
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusively breastfeeding without the introduction of solid food a. During the first year b. During the first month only c. During the first six months d. Until the child has teeth
c. During the first six months
Young children are at risk for hemolytic uremic syndrome following a food borne infections of a. Campylobacter b. Salmonella c. E. Coli d. All of these
c. E. Coli
According to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ______________ is not considered to be a nutrient of concern for overconsumption. a. sodium b. saturated fat c. iron d. added sugar
c. iron
What is recommended to mitigate the physiological effects of a sedentary lifestyle and delay the onset or progression of chronic disease? a. weight gain b. decrease lean body mass c. physical activity d. drink less water
c. physical activity
What is the BEST strategy for preventing muscle loss in older adults? a. consuming a low-calorie diet b. including enough healthy fat in the diet c. physical activity and resistance exercise d. increasing protein while decreasing carbohydrate consumption
c. physical activity and resistance exercise
Honey is considered a _____ source of fiber and legumes are considered a ______ source of fiber. a. poor, marginal b. good, poor c. poor, good d. marginal, good
c. poor, good
Older adults who live alone, live in poverty, are obese, and who have functional limitations are vulnerable to inadequate ______ intake, which contributes to worsened sarcopenia. a. monounsaturated fat b. vitamin E c. protein d. mineral e. vitamin D
c. protein
Infants should not be given sugary treats because a. sugar causes hyperactivity and ADHD b. candy should only be used to bribe children into good behavior c. rapidly growing children have little space for calories that are not nutrient containing d. all of these
c. rapidly growing children have little space for calories that are not nutrient containing
Select the risk factor that is NOT associated with hypertension. a. drinking too much alcohol b. obesity c. reduced salt intake d. physical inactivity
c. reduced salt intake
What does the R in the DETERMINE acronym represent? a. reduced appetite b. reduced dairy intake c. reduced social contact d. reduced body movement e. reduced amount of sleep
c. reduced social contact
A possible reason that breastfeeding protects against the development of allergies is: a. Regulation of infant immunity b. Transfer of maternal immunity c. Low content of allergens d. All of these
d. All of these
Most children from birth to 5 years of age are meeting the targeted levels of nutrients EXCEPT a. Iron b. Zinc c. Calcium d. All of these
d. All of these
Which factor places infants at risk for iron-deficiency anemia? a. Low birth weight b. Low socioeconomic status c. High cow's milk intake d. All of these
d. All of these
Select a treatment consideration for older adults with heart disease who want to promote healthy fats in their diets. a. Use lean meats. b. Substitute saturated fatty acids with PUFA and MUFA. c. Decrease synthetic trans-fatty acids. d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
The presence of metabolic syndrome increases a person's risk of developing which of the following health conditions? a. type 2 diabetes b. heart disease c. stroke d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
What is a condition that potentially places older adults at nutritional risk? a. dementia b. poverty c. social isolation d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
What is a recommended health support for widowed persons working through the grieving process? a. high-quality diet b. social support c. enjoyable mealtimes d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
Which of the following is a nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer prevention? a. Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. b. Make physical activity a part of daily routines. c. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
Which of the following is a nutritional risk factor for constipation? a. dehydration b. calcium and other mineral supplements c. diets low in fiber d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
Why are older adults susceptible to dehydration? a. increased frequency of illness b. reduced sensitive to thirst c. swallowing problems d. All of these are correct.
d. All of these are correct.
Which is a sign of feeding problems in high-risk infants? a. gagging, coughing, and choking during feeding b. baby appears hungry all the time c. lengthy duration of feeding d. All of these are signs of feeding problems
d. All of these are signs of feeding problems
Which of the following statements regarding fat in children's diet is correct? a. the amount of trans-fat in a young child's diet should be restricted b. dietary fat is an important source of calories in a young child's diet c. restricting fat in a young child's diet has been shown to decrease growth d. All of these are true
d. All of these are true
Which of the following is measured to assess growth in an infant? a. Head circumference b. Weight c. Length d. All of these are used
d. All of these are used
Failure to thrive can occur in children with which of the following conditions? a. Pediatric AIDS b. Seizure disorders c. Asthma d. All of these can contribute to failure to thrive
d. All of these can contribute to failure to thrive
Which of the following is true about colostrum? a. Colostrum is lower in protein that mature milk b. Colostrum is higher in fat than mature milk c. Colostrum is the hind milk d. Colostrum is the first milk
d. Colostrum is the first milk
The _______ was originally published as a diet to control mild and moderate hypertension a. Dietary Guidelines for Americans b. Mediterranean diet c. MyPlate d. DASH diet
d. DASH diet
Inadequate intake of which nutrient early in pregnancy is associated with NTD? a. Zinc b. Protein c. Iron d. Folate
d. Folate
All of the following are benefits associated with breastfeeding infants EXCEPT a. Decreases risks of leukemia b. Higher IQ c. Protection from infection d. Heavier at one year than bottle fed infant
d. Heavier at one year than bottle fed infant
The WIC program serves all of the following low-income groups EXCEPT a. pregnant women b. pospartum women c. children under 5 d. Men
d. Men
Which statement about alcohol consumption and stroke is MOST accurate? a. Older adults age 65+ are encouraged to have 2-3 glasses of red wine each day. b. Consuming 3-5 servings of alcohol a day reduces the risk of stroke. c. Older adults age 65+ should avoid consuming all types of alcohol. d. Moderate intake of alcohol can be protective against stroke, but excessive amounts increase risk.
d. Moderate intake of alcohol can be protective against stroke, but excessive amounts increase risk.
What assessment tool is a mandatory requirement for screening older adults who participate in the federally funded home-delivered meal program? a. heart health index b. chronic illness tool c. USDA short form d. NSI DETERMINE e. MNA long form
d. NSI DETERMINE
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT a. family history of type 2 diabetes b. maternal BMI of above 32kg/m2 c. maternal insulin resistance d. Northern European ancestry
d. Northern European ancestry
The most common neurobehavioral condition in children, requiring training of lunchroom supervisors is (a) ADHD (b) cerebral palsy (c) Prader-Willi syndrome (d) type 2 diabetes
(a) ADHD
Which stage of care for treatment of overweight and obesity would likely be recommended for an adolescent with a BMI at the 85% percentile with no comorbidities and who has not finished the growth spurt? (a) Stage 1: prevention plus (b) Stage 2: structured weight management (c) Stage 3: comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention (d) Stage 4: tertiary care intervention
(a) Stage 1: prevention plus
Select the statement about sexual maturity that is INCORRECT (a) The age of onset, duration, and tempo of puberty is consistent among adolescents (b) Early onset of menarche is four times more likely among overweight and obese females (c) Puberty usually occurs earlier among females than males (d) As much as 50 percent of ideal adult body weight is gained during adolescence
(a) The age of onset, duration, and tempo of puberty is consistent among adolescents
What is one benefit of including choline in the diet? (a) a diet high in choline can reduce fatty liver and muscle deterioration (b) a diet high in choline is linked to lower body weight (c) choline helps to prevent osteoporosis and osteopenia (d) choline supports protein synthesis
(a) a diet high in choline can reduce fatty liver and muscle deterioration
A true food allergy is characterized by __________ and _____________. (a) an immune response, a possible life-threatening episode of anaphylaxis (b) an intense dislike of the taste of texture of a food (c) an inability to swallow, the gagging reflex (d) nausea, stomach cramps
(a) an immune response, a possible life-threatening episode of anaphylaxis
The __________ is the amount of energy required for cellular processes and function of organs (a) basal metabolic rate (b) thermic effect of food (c) activity thermogenesis (d) estimated energy requirement
(a) basal metabolic rate
Marie refuses to maintain a normal weight for her age and height, has an intense fear of becoming fat, self-induces vomiting and uses laxatives. She would be diagnosed with: (a) binge-eating/purge type anorexia nervosa (b) restrictive type anorexia nervosa (c) binge-eating disorder (d) bulimia nervosa
(a) binge-eating/purge type anorexia nervosa
Which statement about guidelines for physical activity is TRUE (a) even short episodes of physical activity can have positive health benefits (b) physical activity should be strenuous to reduce blood pressure, reduce stress, and improve sleep (c) the basic recommendation for activity each week can be met by a slow 10 minute walk three days a week (d) the target amount of activity for substantial health benefit is 1.5 hours/week.
(a) even short episodes of physical activity can have positive health benefits
__ is necessary for nucleic acid and protein synthesis, yet many teens do not consume adequate amounts (a) folate (b) iron (c) vitamin D (d) calcium
(a) folate
Rapid growth, low mineral intake, skipping meals, and menstrual bleeding increase the risk of __ deficiency (a) iron (b) copper (c) zinc (d) protein
(a) iron
Metabolic syndrome (a) is a cluster of risk factors (b) is assessed routinely in pediatric physicals (c) indicates that a child will develop type II diabetes later in life (d) all of these are true
(a) is a cluster of risk factors
Teen-aged athletes should consume a diet that (a) meets the MyPlate recommendations (b) contains a higher percentage of protein for muscle building (c) contains a high percentage of fat to ensure appropriate caloric intake (d) all of these
(a) meets the MyPlate recommendations
Following a seizure, a child will generally enter a phase called the ____phase (a) postictal (b) spastic quadriplegia (c) athetosis (d) clonic-tonic
(a) postictal
Athetosis is (two possible answers) (a) sometimes seen in children with cerebral palsy (b) the inability to move the extremities (c) the inability to coordinate swallowing (d) uncontrolled movements that increase energy expenditure
(a) sometimes seen in children with cerebral palsy (d) uncontrolled movements that increase energy expenditure
For routine physical activity, ____ is the best drink for hydration (a) water (b) lemonade (c) Gatorade or other sports drink (d) fruit juice
(a) water
Men and women continue to develop bone density until roughly age __ years old (a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50
(b) 30
Secondary sexual characteristics as a measure of sexual maturity are evaluated using (a) age and weight (b) Tanner stages (c) adolescent growth charts (d) measures of steroid hormone levels
(b) Tanner stages
Overweight children (a) often have delayed bone age (b) are less active than normal weight children (c) enter puberty later than normal weight children (d) all of these
(b) are less active than normal weight children
Caffeine, steroids, growth hormone, and ephedra are examples of ______ supplements used by teens. (a) weight loss (b) ergogenic (c) prescription (d) vitamin
(b) ergogenic
Which is not a criterion for inpatient treatment of eating disorders? (a) social isolation or depression (b) excessive parental expectations (c) weight loss of greater than 10 lbs in 3 months or less (d) unwillingness to eat or drink
(b) excessive parental expectations
The "talk test" that determines if activity falls in the "moderate intensity is (a) If you can talk and sing (b) if you can talk but not sing (c) if you can speak a few words (d) if you are breathing too hard to speak
(b) if you can talk but not sing
Caffeine should be limited to moderate amounts because (a) it is a diuretic and leads to dehydration (b) it can increase heart rate and blood pressure (c) it is a carcinogen (d) all of these
(b) it can increase heart rate and blood pressure
The major nutrient-related consequence of cystic fibrosis is malabsorption due to the lack of (a) microvilli in the small intestine (b) pancreatic enzymes (c) glycogen (d) stomach acid
(b) pancreatic enzymes
Which nutrient is critical for wound healing, maintaining a healthy immune system, and recovery from surgery? (a) carbohydrate (b) protein (c) fat (d) water
(b) protein
Ketogenic diets have been used to treat _____ in children (a) hypertension (b) seizures (c) failure to thrive (d) pituitary dwarfism
(b) seizures
On average, adolescents exceed current recommendations for total consumption of (a) iron (b) sodium (c) zinc (d) all of these
(b) sodium
Which chronic condition is associated with low energy needs? (a) cystic fibrosis (b) spina bifida (c) diabetes (d) all of these
(b) spina bifida
A disadvantage of using energy drinks for hydration during athletic events is (a) energy drinks can cause hyponatremia (b) the amount of sugar in most energy drinks (c) energy drinks provide extra calories from probiotics (d) the sugar substitutes in energy drinks
(b) the amount of sugar in most energy drinks
Up to ____ of children with disabilities have nutritional problems. (a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 90%
(c) 75%
What is the name of the federal legislation that requires schools to educate children in the least restrictive environment, resulting in inclusion of children with disabilities? (a) No Child Left Behind (b) Healthy People 2020 (c) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (d) Title IX
(c) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
A ketogenic diet prescribed to children restricts ____ and increases ____ . (a) protein, B vitamins (b) fat, protein (c) carbohydrate, fat (d) carbohydrate, protein
(c) carbohydrate, fat
A child with which chronic condition would likely require higher protein needs? (a) diabetes (b) PKU (c) cystic fibrosis (d) all of these
(c) cystic fibrosis
Visceral fat changes the body's metabolism resulting in_________ (a) high HDL cholesterol (b) low blood pressure (c) insulin resistance (d) all of these
(c) insulin resistance
A functional food (a) provides vitamins, minerals, and other food compounds with few calories (b) contains viscous, fermentable and functional fiber (c) is a food that has a physiological benefit or reduces the risk of chronic disease (d) contains naturally occurring compounds that contribute to the sensory qualities of food
(c) is a food that has a physiological benefit or reduces the risk of chronic disease
Creatine is not recommended as an ergonomic aid because (a) it decreases fertility (b) it can cause early fusion of the growth plate (c) it is made in the liver and kidney (d) all of these
(c) it is made in the liver and kidney
Childhood celiac disease (a) is overdiagnosed due to complex presentation (b) is often outgrown by adulthood (c) presents differently than adult celiac disease (d) all of these are true
(c) presents differently than adult celiac disease
The national school lunch program (a) began in 1966 (b) receives no federal funding (c) set minimum limits of fruits and vegetables (d) is not based on income status
(c) set minimum limits of fruits and vegetables
Which snack item is a commonly chosen snack items for adolescents and considered the number one source of sugar in their diets (a) chips (b) fruits (c) soft drinks (d) protein bars
(c) soft drinks
One of the objects of ________ is to reduce the proportion of children who are considered obese (a) IDEA (b) No Child Left Behind (c) Race to the Top (d) Healthy People 2020
(d) Healthy People 2020
What is the largest nutrition assistance program? (a) WIC (b) Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (c) Child and Adult Care Program (d) SNAP
(d) SNAP
The amount of carbohydrate allowed per meal typically ranges from ______ for women and _______ for men.
45g ; 60g
__________________________ involves decreasing the energy level of one's diet by 25-30 percent while meeting protein, vitamin, and mineral needs.
Caloric Restriction
__________________________________ is a program for weight management designed to build knowledge, modify beliefs and attitudes, and integrate new behaviors through a combination of skills training and analysis of behavior and thought processes.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
How much weight gain since young adulthood is associated with a twofold increased risk and earlier onset of chronic disease? a. 12 kg b. 10 kg c. 5 kg d. 3 kg
a. 12 kg
Which BMI indicates grade 2 thinness? a. 16.0-16.99 b. <16.00 c. 18.5-19.99 d. 17.0-18.49
a. 16.0-16.99
To combat food safety concerns, it is important to refrigerate perishable foods within ____ and serve hot foods at ____°F or above. a. 2 hours; 140 b. ½ hour; 185 c. 30 minutes; 155 d. 90 minutes; 100 e. 45 minutes; 130
a. 2 hours; 140
Optimum BMI cut-points for older adult populations are in a U-shaped curve. The risk of mortality in older adults is lowest for the BMI range of _______. a. 24.0-30.9 b. 21.0-25.4 c. 20.5-24.9 d. 19.5-23.9 e. 22.0-27.9
a. 24.0-30.9
Which of the following individuals has the lowest risk of becoming inadequately nourished? a. 30 year old men b. elderly people c. children d. pregnant women
a. 30 year old men
Bariatric surgery is reserved for patients with clinically severe obesity and a BMI over ________. a. 35-40 b. 40-42 c. 20-25 d. 30-32
a. 35-40
Screening for cardiovascular disease should occur about every ____ years, beginning at age ____. a. 5; 20 b. 6; 65 c. 3; 55 d. 6 months; 80 e. 3; 50
a. 5; 20
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding a baby? a. Breastfed babies may have an increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes due to the lactose in milk b. Human milk matches the infant nutrient requirements for growth and development c. Breastfeeding can help reduce the risk for sudden infant death (SIDS) d. Breastfeeding has been associated with cognitive benefits in the baby
a. Breastfed babies may have an increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes due to the lactose in milk
Comparing the composition of human milk, infant formula, and cow's milk a. Cow's milk has the least carbohydrate b. Infant formula has the most protein c. Human milk has the least fat d. Cow's milk has the most fat
a. Cow's milk has the least carbohydrate
How is infant mortality defined? a. Death within the first year of life b. Death within 3 months after birth c. Death from SIDS d. Death within 12 hours after birth
a. Death within the first year of life
Excessive juice intake can lead to ___________ in older infants a. Diarrhea b. Constipation c. Iron-deficiency anemia Galactosemia
a. Diarrhea
Which is a true statement about fats? a. Infants need a higher percentage of their daily calories from fat than children and adults b. Breast milk is lower in fat than formula c. Long chain fatty acids are not needed for healthy infants in the first year d. Fat restriction can be initiated in the first year for infants born at term
a. Infants need a higher percentage of their daily calories from fat than children and adults
Which of the following is NOT true regarding alcohol and breastfeeding? a. It is a galactagogue b. Occasional use of small amounts of alcohol is compatible with breastfeeding c. It can change the odor of milk d. Level of alcohol matches maternal plasma levels at the time of feeding
a. It is a galactagogue
Infants with developmental delays may be malnourished in spite of an adequate diet due to a. Oral/motor and swallowing challenges b. lack of parental care increased need for fat, protein, and calories increased metabolic rate
a. Oral/motor and swallowing challenges
Which of the following conditions requires protein restriction? a. PKU b. Galactosemia c. Cleft Palate d. Spina Bifida
a. PKU
Which physical activity guideline are older adults encouraged to follow? a. Participate in muscle strengthening involving all major muscle groups on 2 or more days per week. b. Take a protein supplements after muscle strengthening exercises. c. Stretch daily. d. Drink sport drinks during exercise because thirst may be blunted. e. Participate in at least 200 minutes per week of low-intensity aerobic activity.
a. Participate in muscle strengthening involving all major muscle groups on 2 or more days per week.
When factors make nutritional requirements higher for an infant who was born at 28 weeks gestation? a. Preterm birth resulted in reduced body fat and nutrient reserves b. Newborn reflexes persist and interfere with oral feedings c. Frequent illness and infection increase nutrient needs d. Immaturity of the GI tract increases energy needs
a. Preterm birth resulted in reduced body fat and nutrient reserves
When tailoring written nutrition education materials to older adults, which adaptation should be included? a. bold type b. using words containing no more than two syllables c. non-serif fonts d. violet paper e. reading level of seventh to eighth grade
a. bold type
Which condition is NOT related to inflammatory diseases? a. diabetes b. periodontal disease c. osteoarthritis d. celiac disease
a. diabetes
All of the following dietary modifications can reduce the risk of CVD in older adults EXCEPT a. eliminating all foods containing cholesterol. b. consuming three servings of low- or non-fat dairy products daily. c. following the Mediterranean Diet plan. d. increasing consumption of whole grain products. e. reducing consumption of sweets and red meats.
a. eliminating all foods containing cholesterol.
According to the CDC, what factor contributes most to longevity? a. lifestyle b. weight c. marital status d. educational level e. access to high-quality health care
a. lifestyle
What are telopeptides? a. molecules that degrade the major collagen of tendon and bone and leave carbon and nitrogen fragments in blood and urine b. muscles enabling closure of the junction between the esophagus and stomach c. proteins found in wheat, spelt, kamut, dinkel, and in triticale, barley, and rye
a. molecules that degrade the major collagen of tendon and bone and leave carbon and nitrogen fragments in blood and urine
Joan has consumed several calcium-containing foods and beverages today, and she is trying to determine which one was the richest source of calcium. What food provides the most milligrams of calcium? a. 1½ cups of pasta with chicken b. 1 cup oatmeal made with milk c. Turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread with lettuce and mayo d. 4 tablespoons of roasted almonds e. 1 ounce slice of cheddar jack string cheese
b. 1 cup oatmeal made with milk
What percent of initial weight lost due to dehydration will result in flushed skin, sleepiness, apathy, nausea, and increased body temperature? a. 2.5 percent b. 4 percent c. 6.5 percent d. 12-15 percent e. 19 percent
b. 4 percent
According to the CDC, how much of longevity depends on lifestyle factors? a. 10 percent b. 51 percent c. 19 percent d. 20 percent
b. 51 percent
What percentage of the population aged 65 and older is living below the poverty level? a. 18.4 percent b. 9.3 percent c. 19.9 percent d. 6.6 percent
b. 9.3 percent
Parenteral feedings deliver nutrients into the: a. Stomach b. Bloodstream c. Intestine d. Mouth
b. Bloodstream
Select the special concern for older adults with diabetes that is INCORRECT. a. Monitor functional status and modify the care plan as appropriate for the psychosocial and physical needs of an aging individual. b. Carbohydrate and fiber recommendations change significantly for old age. c. For people with diabetic kidney disease, it is not recommended to reduce the amount of dietary protein below the recommended daily allowance. d. Access dietary adequacy and supplement with vitamins and minerals to meet age-appropriate nutrient DRI.
b. Carbohydrate and fiber recommendations change significantly for old age.
Which is NOT a sign of satiety in an infant a. turning the head away b. Crying c. Decreasing the rate of sucking Sealing lips together
b. Crying
A federal program that provided intensive and comprehensive child development support to low-income families with infants and young children is called a. WIC b. Early head start c. Title one d. Early intervention
b. Early head start
Which of the following is the most commonly used galactagogue? a. St John's wort b. Fenugreek c. Lemongrass d. Sage
b. Fenugreek
What is the name of the theory that all cells contain a genetic code that directs them to divide a certain number of times during their life span? a. oxidative stress theory b. Hayflick's theory of limited cell replication c. molecular clock theory d. rate-of-living theory
b. Hayflick's theory of limited cell replication
The immunoglobulin that plays a role in development of allergies is a. IgA b. IgE c. IgG d. All of these
b. IgE
1. include all EXCEPT a. These infants may not be able to stimulate the breast enough for adequate milk supply b. Mother's milk is not available until the full 9-month gestation c. Late-preterm infants are cared for in the NICU and away from their mothers Late-preterm infants do not get the nutrients they need in breast milk
b. Mother's milk is not available until the full 9-month gestation
Which choice is the best for an afternoon snack for a preschooler? a. Oatmeal cookies b. Peanut butter crackers c. Raisins d. Fruit Juice
b. Peanut butter crackers
What dietary guideline is part of the 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk? a. Consume red meat 3-5 times per week. b. Reduce salt intake to 2300 mg. c. Eat a diet rich in whole-fat dairy products. d. Choose coconut oil. e. Restrict trans fat to 9-10 percent of calories.
b. Reduce salt intake to 2300 mg.
While it is recommended that HIV positive mothers in the US not breastfeed their infants, this is often not the recommendation in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV rates are higher than the US. Why? a. The infants are immune to HIV due to widespread exposure b. The risk of infection is low and less than risk from inadequate HMS c. HIV protects against tuberculosis d. All of these are reasons
b. The risk of infection is low and less than risk from inadequate HMS
What agency administers the Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs (OAANP)? a. Older Americans Act b. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services c. American Association of the Elderly d. Social Security Administration (SSA) e. U.S. Department of Food and Nutrition
b. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The increase in proportion of older adults is a worldwide phenomenon known as the ______. a. geriatric drift b. demographic transition c. population age boom d. international aging expectancy e. aging expectancy era
b. demographic transition
What is the name of the blood test that measures how well the blood sugar level has been maintained over the last 2 to 3 months? a. fasting blood sugar b. glycosylated hemoglobin A1C c. ischemia d. postprandial test
b. glycosylated hemoglobin A1C
What is the leading modifiable disease in older adults? a. renal disease b. heart disease c. diabetes mellitus d. COPD e. chronic arthritis
b. heart disease
Adding cow's milk to an infant's diet rather than HMS can result in: a. Galactosemia b. iron-deficiency anemia c. colic d. all of these
b. iron-deficiency anemia
Babies with neonatal jaundice are treated with UV light because a. It increased in maturation of the liver b. it makes the bilirubin more water soluble c. the UV light tans them so the jaundice color is less pronounced d. all of these
b. it makes the bilirubin more water soluble
Fat intake of 30-40 % of energy for children 1 to 3 years of age because a. it ensures 45 mg cholesterol needed for vitamin D absorption b. it supports rapid growth and brain development c. it works with Ca++ to prevent rickets d. initiates bile production
b. it supports rapid growth and brain development
Melissa is a 2-year-old consuming 30 ounces of milk per day as well as soft fruits and vegetables. She has a lower-than-normal hemoglobin. The most likely cause is: a. nursing bottle syndrome b. milk anemia c. vegetable anemia d. pernicious anemia
b. milk anemia
On his 85th birthday, John celebrates both his chronological age and his ____, which is a measure of life satisfaction including his social contacts, economic security, and functional status. a. personal security b. quality of life c. psychological age d. health-related satisfaction e. positive attitude
b. quality of life
Infants are at risk for lead toxicity because lead affects _____ status a. Protein b. Vitamin D c. Iron d. All of these
c. Iron
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a. Is hereditary b. Decreases the work of breathing c. Is related to ventilatory support and supplemental oxygen d. All of these are true
c. Is related to ventilatory support and supplemental oxygen
Which of the following is NOT true of neonatal jaundice? a. Maternal diabetes is a risk factor b. It can lead to permanent brain damage c. It occurs only rarely d. Breastfeeding can usually continue
c. It occurs only rarely
A systematic review of studies examined the role of dietary patterns in relation to cognitive decline or dementia. This review showed that better adherence to a _______ is associated with less cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. a. lacto-ovo vegetarian diet b. low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet c. Mediterranean diet d. ketogenic diet e. MyPlate diet
c. Mediterranean diet
Which is NOT a common pediatric feed allergen? a. Wheat b. Cow's milk c. Melons d. Eggs
c. Melons
Which hormone plays the main role during milk letdown- milk ejection from the glands into the milk ducts? a. Human placental lactogen b. Luteinizing hormone c. Oxytocin d. Human growth hormone
c. Oxytocin
Breastfed infants of vegan mothers may need a ____ supplement a. Protein b. Iron c. Vitamin B12 d. Calcium
c. Vitamin B12
Which type of diet is recommended for older adults age 65+ based on information from the American College of Cardiology? a. a diet high in sodium b. a diet low in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats c. a diet consistent with the Mediterranean and DASH diets d. a diet high in saturated fats
c. a diet consistent with the Mediterranean and DASH diets
The most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in older adults is related to ______. a. increased leptin in the colon b. inability to appropriately swallow food c. abnormal stomach function d. lack of dietary iron consumption e. reduced absorption capability of small intestine
c. abnormal stomach function
What is the recommended weekly amount of moderate intensity aerobic activity for adults aged 65 and older? a. at least 100 minutes b. no more than 100 minutes c. at least 150 minutes d. no more than 60 minutes
c. at least 150 minutes
Obesity in children has been increasing. Which of the following is recommended to decrease this? a. increasing the intake of juices to discourage snacking b. skipping breakfast c. eating foods high in calcium d. weight reduction programs after age 2
c. eating foods high in calcium
Mothers prescribed opioids for dental surgery should a. discontinued breastfeeding since these drugs cross into the milk b. continuing breastfeeding because these drugs do not cross into the milk c. express breastmilk and discard until they are cleared of the medication d. continue breastfeeding but use naloxone (Narcan) which counteracts the effects of the opioids
c. express breastmilk and discard until they are cleared of the medication
The grieving process occurs in stages. What list of stages is in the correct order? a. volatile reactions, shock and denial, disorganization, loss and loneliness, guilt, reestablishment, relief b. guilt, shock and denial, volatile reactions, disorganization, loss and loneliness, relief, reestablishment c. shock and denial, disorganization, volatile reactions, guilt, loss and loneliness, relief, reestablishment d. guilt, volatile reactions, disorganization, shock and denial, loss and loneliness, relief, reestablishment e. disorganization, volatile reactions, shock and denial, loss and loneliness, guilt, relief, reestablishment
c. shock and denial, disorganization, volatile reactions, guilt, loss and loneliness, relief, reestablishment
How does the body deal with excess, unused energy from carbs, dat and protein? a. All excess, unused energy is excreted through urine and feces b. Excess fat is stored in adipose cells, and excess carbs and protein are excreted c. some carbohydrate is stores as glycogen, some with protein and fat energy, is stored as adipose d. Carbohydrate is stored as muscle glycogen and excess energy from fat and protein is stored in the blood
c. some carbohydrate is stores as glycogen, some with protein and fat energy, is stored as adipose
Which medication is associated with the treatment of coronary heart disease and might result in elevated liver enzymes? a. antidepressants b. diuretics c. statins d. low-dose aspirin
c. statins
Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Fructose b. galactose c. sucrose d. glucose
c. sucrose
On the DETERMINE tool, nutritional risk is defined as more than ____ prescription or over-the-counter medication/s per day; the MNA long form defines nutritional risk as more than ____ prescription drug/s per day. a. five; one b. one; five c. three; three d. one; three e. two; four
c. three; three
Often accompanied by loss of taste and pain of the tongue, _________, or dry mouth, can be a side effect of medications, cancer treatments, and diabetes. a. bactrine syndrome b. dysgeusia c. xerostomia d. anhydrousemia e. sarcostomia
c. xerostomia
About how long does it take for prediabetes to convert to type 2 diabetes? a. 15-20 years b. 3-5 years c. 1-2 years d. 5-10 years
d. 5-10 years
Select the program that was created to alleviate poor nutritional intake and reduce social isolation among older adults. a. Store-to-Door b. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) c. Administration for Community Living (ACL) d. Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs (OAANP)
d. Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs (OAANP)
Which is true of late preterm infants, they often have: a. Increased incidence of hyperbilirubinemia b. immature gastrointestinal function c. feeding problems d. all of these
d. all of these
The use of what two substances, both separately and together, demonstrates significant pain reduction when knee pain is moderate to severe? a. flaxseed and primrose oil b. vitamin B1 and protein c. omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E d. chondroitin and glucosamine e. sodium and vitamin C
d. chondroitin and glucosamine
Since there is no single biological benchmark that signals a person's becoming "old," ______ commonly serves as the proxy measure for predicting health status and functional abilities. a. health measures b. social age c. chronic disease symptoms d. chronological age e. mental age
d. chronological age
Sam has negative responses to many new foods, to encourage variety in his diet, his parents should: a. flavor new foods with salt and sugar b. stop serving foods Sam avoids c. insist that Sam eat all the food served d. continuing serving foods that Sam avoids
d. continuing serving foods that Sam avoids
A review of dietary patterns resulting in reduced risk of stroke found that increasing the consumption of ______ to be an effective strategy of primary stroke prevention. a. low-fat dairy products b. polyunsaturated fat c. seeds d. cruciferous vegetables e. lean poultry
d. cruciferous vegetables
What physiological change is common among the older adult population age 70 years and older? a. increase in BMR b. increase in vitamin B12 absorption c. improved sense of smell d. decline in weight e. improved glucose metabolism
d. decline in weight
Which nutritional habit would reduce calcium intake and absorption? a. dividing dosage of supplements throughout the day b. consuming beverages like milk and kefir or yogurt drinks with a meal c. increasing fruit and vegetable intake for their alkalinizing effect d. drinking 2-3 cups of coffee daily in conjunction with a low calcium intake
d. drinking 2-3 cups of coffee daily in conjunction with a low calcium intake
What theory of aging states that the loss of chromosomal replication produces signs of aging because new cells cannot be formed and the function of existing cells declines with time? a. functional cell theory b. theory of limited cell replication c. free-chromosomal aging d. molecular clock theory e. beta oxidative stress theory
d. molecular clock theory
The inherited disorder PKU, which causes elevated levels of phenylalanine in maternal blood, impairs _____ in the unborn child a. healthy birth weight b. growth during the fetal period c. development of the liver d. nervous system development
d. nervous system development
Fluid needs for the elderly include _________. a. 48 ounces of fluids per day b. four glasses of water per day c. using a sports drink at night d. six or more glasses of fluids per day e. 5 cups of fluids per day
d. six or more glasses of fluids per day
For older adults with diabetes, what special nutrition concern applies? a. Changing starch recommendations to account for old age. b. Easing glycemic management in older adults due to altered senses. c. Recommending routine antioxidant supplementation due to inadequate dietary intakes. d. Iron-deficiency anemia is likely, thus an iron supplement is necessary. e. For people with diabetic kidney disease, protein needs should not be reduced to lower than 0.8 g/kg.
e. For people with diabetic kidney disease, protein needs should not be reduced to lower than 0.8 g/kg.
As described by the free-radical theory, exposure to oxidizing agents results in unstable oxygen compounds that can be neutralized by antioxidants. What antioxidant does the body produce? a. lutenin b. vitamin C c. vitamin A d. resveratrol e. glutathione
e. glutathione
For what reason may satiety signals in older adults be blunted, thereby leading to unintentional weight loss? a. lower levels of gut hormones such as leptin b. increased intake of zinc c. lower fiber intakes compared to younger adults d. loss of the ability to store glycogen e. lower circulating levels of ghrelin
e. lower circulating levels of ghrelin
To normalize blood pressure, limit _____ intake while maintaining adequate ______ intakes. a. potassium; calcium, vitamin C, and iron b. magnesium; copper, sodium, and selenium c. phosphorous; potassium, sugar, and salt d. calcium; zinc, selenium, and magnesium e. sodium; calcium, potassium, and magnesium
e. sodium; calcium, potassium, and magnesium
_____________________ is a condition known as dry mouth and can be a side effect of medications (especially antidepressants), of head and neck cancer treatments, and of diabetes.
xerostomia