M.15 - Drugs for Seizures

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A client with type I diabetes mellitus has been prescribed phenytoin​ (Dilantin). Based on the​ client's medical​ history, which should the nurse anticipate to be included in the treatment​ plan? - Implement fall precautions. - A decrease in the​ patient's insulin. - Monitor coagulation studies. - An increase in the​ patient's insulin.

An increase in the patient's insulin

The nurse is providing information about seizures to a client. Which statement should the nurse include in the​ discussion? ​- "Convulsions are a symptom of the underlying seizure​ disorder." - "Bacterial infections can cause​ seizures." - "Epilepsy is an acute disorder characterized by nonconvulsive​ seizures." - "All seizures involve​ convulsions."

Bacterial infections can cause seizures

For which adverse effect should the nurse monitor a client prescribed phenytoin​ (Dilantin)? - Hypoglycemia - Leg edema - Vitamin B deficiency - Bleeding

Bleeding

The client receiving valproic acid​ (Depakene) for treatment of seizures has been taking 81 mg aspirin daily. For which should the nurse monitor the​ client? - Increased seizure activity. - Migraine headaches. - Bruising of the skin. ​- Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Bruising of the skin

A client has been prescribed several different prescriptions for seizure control without any improvement. Which initial question should the nurse ask the​ client? - "Have you noticed any decrease in the amount of seizures you​ have?" - "Do you drink​ alcohol?" - "Do you take your medication as​ prescribed?" - "Have you thought about taking a nontypical​ prescription?"

Do you take your medication as prescribed?

The nurse has provided education for a client diagnosed with epilepsy. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the​ information? (Select all that apply) ​- "Excessive stress levels cause disruptions in how the brain receives​ oxygen, leading to​ epilepsy." - "Epilepsy may be caused by a head​ injury." - "Eating disorders, like anorexia​ nervosa, increase the risk for developing​ epilepsy." - "A stroke, or brain​ attack, could increase the risk for developing​ epilepsy." - "With some cases of​ epilepsy, the cause is never​ determined."

Epilepsy may be caused by a head injury A stroke, or brain attack, could increase the risk for developing epilepsy With some cases of epilepsy, the cause is never determined

The nurse is preparing to review the records for a client with petit mal seizures. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate the client has been​ prescribed? - Phenytoin​ (Dilantin) - Ethosuximide​ (Zarontin) - Carbamazepine​ (Tegretol) - Diazepam​ (Valium)

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A client has been prescribed ketogenic diet to supplement pharmacotherapy for a seizure disorder. Which food items should the nurse encourage the client to​consume? (Select all that apply) - Foods high in fat - Salty foods - Foods high in vitamin K - Low protein foods - Low carbohydrate foods

Foods high in fat Low protein foods Low carbohydrate foods

The nurse is providing education to a parent of a​ 5-year-old that experienced a febrile seizure. Which information should the nurse​ include? - High temperatures rarely induce seizures in children. - After a febrile seizure the child returns to consciousness slowly. - A​ five-year-old is too old for febrile seizures. - Seizure medications are usually prescribed for febrile seizures.

High temperatures rarely induce seizures in children

The nurse has provided the education to the parent of a young child prescribed valproic acid​ (Depakene) syrup. Which statement made by the parent indicates an understanding of the​ teaching? - "If my child gets a headache from​ this, I can administer a baby​ aspirin." - "I should not mix this with carbonated​ beverages." - "I can give this on a full stomach or an empty​ stomach." - "I can still give the clonazepam​ (Klonopin) prescribed by the psychiatrist for​ sleep."

I should not mix this with carbonated beverages

The nurse has provided education for a client prescribed ethosuximide​ (Zarontin). For which information offered by the client should the nurse notify the healthcare ​provider? (Select all that apply) - "Did I mention that I used to take phenobarbital for my​ seizures?" - "I forgot to tell the doctor that I am allergic to​ penicillin." - "I take ginkgo to help improve my​ memory." - "My husband and I plan to have a baby in a couple of​ years." - "My husband and I are leading a​ 20-mile bicycle tour next weekend for the company we have just​ started."

I take ginkgo to help improve my memory My husband and I are leading a 20-mile bicycle tour next weekend for the company we have just started

The nurse has provided a client education on the pharmacologic management of epilepsy. Which statement made by the client indicates an understanding of the​ treatment? ​- "I will avoid foods with tyramine while taking my antiseizure​ prescription." - "I will remain on an antiseizure prescription for 1 year after my last​ seizure." - "I understand that I will take an antiseizure prescription​ indefinitely." - "I will be on a ketogenic diet combined with an antiseizure​ prescription."

I understand that I will take an anti seizure prescription indefinitely

The nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin​ (Dilantin). Which route should the nurse anticipate to administer the​ prescription? - Subcutaneous - Intravenously - Central venous catheter - Intramuscular

Intravenously

The nurse observes a client that stops talking​ mid-sentence and has a blank stare for 5 seconds. Which should the nurse suspect has​ occurred? - Simple partial seizure - Status epilepticus - Drop attack - Petit mal seizure

Petit mal seizure

A client taking phenobarbital​ (Luminal) for seizure control asks the nurse how the prescription can control seizures. Which response should the nurse provide the​ client? - "Phenobarbital (Luminal) stops seizures by decreasing the calcium in the​ brain, which is responsible for the​ seizures." - "Phenobarbital (Luminal) stops seizures by decreasing the sodium in​ brain, which is responsible for the​ seizures." - "Phenobarbital (Luminal) stops seizures by increasing a chemical called GABA that calms down the excitability in the​ brain." - "Phenobarbital (Luminal) stops seizures by increasing a chemical called glutamate that calms down the excitability in the​ brain."

Phenobarbital (Luminal) stops seizures by increasing a chemical called GABA that calms down the excitability in the brain

The educator is discussing the adverse effects of prescriptions used to treat seizure disorders. Which prescription should educator refer to when discussing the risk for​ extravasation? - Ethosuximide​ (Zarontin) - Clonazepam​ (Klonopin) - Phenobarbital​ (Luminal) - Phenytoin​ (Dilantin)

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A client with epilepsy who has been seizure free and prescribed phenytoin​ (Dilantin) asks the nurse why he or she needs to still have blood testing. Which response should the nurse provide the​ client? ​- "Phenytoin (Dilantin) can cause​ blood-thinning in some​ patients." ​- "Phenytoin (Dilantin) can cause​ Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which can be detected through blood​ testing." ​- "Phenytoin (Dilantin) can deplete your system of​ potassium." ​- "Phenytoin (Dilantin) has a very narrow range between a therapeutic dose and a toxic​ dose."

Phenytoin (Dilantin) has a very narrow range between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose

A client that has been taking phenytoin​ (Dilantin) tells the nurse they want to stop taking the medication due to the side effects. Which response should the nurse provide the​ client? - "Another prescription can be added to decrease the side​ effects." - "Side effects are a​ problem, but they are not as bad as the seizures you were​ having." - "Your seizures have been controlled so I will let your healthcare provider know that you no longer will be taking the​ prescription." - "Please do not stop the prescription​ abruptly, as you will have withdrawal​ seizures."

Please do not stop the prescription abruptly, as you will have withdrawal seizures

A client with epilepsy prescribed Phenobarbital​ (Luminal) tells the nurse she is planning a pregnancy. Which statement should the nurse provide the​ client? ​- "Your medication dose will need to be increased during your​ pregnancy." - "Please talk to your​ doctor; this drug is contraindicated in​ pregnancy." - "Please talk to your​ doctor; you will need a safer drug like valproic acid​ (Depakene)." - "Your medication dose will need to be decreased during your​ pregnancy."

Please talk to your doctor, this drug is contained in pregnancy

The nurse has administered intravenous​ (IV) diazepam​ (Valium) for the client in status epilepticus. Which initial assessment should the nurse​ perform? - Respirations - Blood pressure - Heart rate - Level of consciousness

Respirations

An older adult is prescribed phenobarbital​ (Luminal) for seizure control. Which assessment should the nurse recognize is the most​ important? - Nutritional status - Fluid intake - Electrolyte balance - Respiratory function

Respiratory function

The nurse has completed the education for the parents of a child with​ tonic-clonic seizures. Which statements made by the parents indicate further education is ​needed? (Select all that apply) - "Some of the times when I thought he was ignoring me may have actually been seizure​ activity." - "He just needs to focus more to prevent these​ attacks." - "I know he will outgrow these seizures with​ time." - "I hope we can help our son identify his seizure​ aura." - "We will watch for the development of status​ epilepticus."

Some of the times when I thought he was ignoring me may have actually been seizure activity He just needs to focus more to prevent these attacks I know he will outgrow these seizures with time

The nurse is preparing to assess a client that had a​ tonic-clonic seizure. Which assessment findings should the nurse​ anticipate? (Select all that apply) - Incontinence of urine. - The client is in a deep sleep. - Confusion in relation to place and time. - The client reports of an odd taste in the mouth. - The client attempting to remove their hospital gown.

The client is in a deep sleep Confusion in relation to place and time

A parent​ states, "The doctors all say that my​ son's problem is​ epilepsy, but I​ don't think that is correct. I have never seen him jerk or​ thrash." Which information should the nurse include in a response to the​ parent? (Select all that apply) - "The episodes of jerking and thrashing are called​ convulsions." - "Seizures take many​ forms." - "Your son may have​ seizures, but not​ epilepsy." - "Seizures can be a sign that epilepsy is​ present." - "If there is no physical​ movement, epilepsy is ruled​ out."

The episodes of jerking and thrashing are called convulsions Seizures can take many forms Seizures can be a sign that epilepsy is present

The nurse is preparing to educate a client on prescribed antiepileptic drug​ (AED). Which information should the nurse include in the​ teaching? (Select all that apply) - The prescription should be taken at the same time every day. - When a dose of the prescription is missed take both doses together when the next does is due. - Take an additional dose of the prescription if experiencing a seizure aura. - When experiencing side effects skip the next dose of the prescription. - Avoid the use of dietary supplements containing kava while taking the prescription.

The prescription should be taken at the same time every day Avoid the use of dietary supplements containing kava while taking the prescription

A client asks the nurse about the characteristics of absence seizures. Which explanation should the nurse provide the​ client? ​- "Absence seizures are basically the same kind of seizures as grand​ mal, but they are less​ frequent." - "Absence seizures are characterized by twitching of the arms and​ legs." - "This type of seizure manifests is characterized by staring into space for a few​ seconds." - "This type of seizure is similar to drop​ attacks."

This type of seizure manifests is characterized by staring into space for a few seconds

The nurse is obtaining a history from a client that experienced an atonic seizure. Which information is the most important for the nurse to​ obtain? ​- "Have you ever been​ pregnant?" - "What method of birth control do you​ use?" - "Are your periods​ regular?" - "Do you have a history of​ infertility?"

What method of birth control do you use?

A client diagnosed with epilepsy ask the nurse why he or she will have to take a prescription. Which response should the nurse provide the​ client? ​- "You will need a prescription for a little while to cure the​ seizures." - "You will need to take a prescription on a continual basis to control the​ seizures." - "You might not need​ prescription; the epilepsy may be controlled with a ketogenic​ diet." - "The prescription will decrease the intensity of the​ seizures."

You will need to take a prescription on a continual basis to control the seizures

A client prescribed valproic acid​ (Depakene) for seizure control is planning a pregnancy. Which statements should the nurse include in a discussion with the​ client? (Select all that apply) - "Since your epilepsy may be exacerbated by a​ pregnancy, your healthcare provider will most likely prescribe a second antiepileptic​ prescription." - "Thankfully, the current generation of antiepileptic prescriptions will not interfere with you getting​ pregnant." - "Your current antiepileptic prescription should not be used when you are​ pregnant." - "Folic acid supplementation is important for​ you." - "You should consider adopting a baby instead since there are so many problems associated with epilepsy and​ pregnancy."

Your current antiepileptic prescription should not be used when you are pregnant Folic acid supplementation is important for you


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