M1.T01 gen. cell

How many molecules of ATP did Ca+ pump use for a cycle? a molecule 2 molecules 3 molecules 4 molecules 5 molecules

2 molecules

Calculate the Osmolarity of a 0.9% solution of NaCl. Which of the following is the best answer? 100 mOsM 150 mOsM 300 mOsM 400 mOsM 600 mOsM

300 mOsM

When an enzyme is activated, which of the following can influence the activity of that enzyme? 1. pH of surroundings 2. amount of enzyme 3. concentration of substrate 4. proteolytic activation 5. chemicals that compete with the substrates 6. co-factors and co-enzymes 1, 6 and 4 5, 2 and 4 2 and 3 5 and 1 2, 3, 5, 6 and 1

5 and 1

What is the difference between active transport (AT) and facilitated diffusion (FD)? AT requires protein carriers; FD does not. AT requires energy; FD does not. AT requires a concentration gradient; FD does not. AT requires a membrane; FD does not. all of the above

AT requires energy; FD does not.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would suggest that a substance entered a cell via active transport as opposed to passive transport? the substance moved across the membrane via a carrier protein ATP was required for transport the substance moved from a high concentration to a low concentration none of the above

ATP was required for transport

The difference in the concentration of a substance between regions Concentration Gradient Electrical Gradient Hypertonic Electrochemical Gradient

Concentration Gradient

______ are adhering cell junctions found in tissues that undergo a lot of stretching, _____ are impermeable cell junctions frequently found in epithelial tissue, and______ are communicating cell junctions found between cardiomyocytes in the heart. Desmosomes : gap junctions : tight junctions Desmosomes : tight junctions : gap junctions Gap junctions : desmosomes : tight junctions Gap junctions : tight junctions : desmosomes Tight junctions : gap junctions : desmosomes

Desmosomes : tight junctions : gap junctions

The passive movement of molecules across a membrane by way of a transport protein Diffusion Simple Diffusion Ficks Law of Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

_______ are ropelike permanent cytoskeleton elements that help anchor organelles. Microtubules Tubulin Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Intermediate filigrees

Intermediate filaments `

During one cycle, the sodium-potassium pump binds and moves: Na1+ and K2+ Na2+and K2+ Na2+ and K3+ Na3+ and K2+ `` Na3+ and K3+<

Na³⁺ and K²⁺

Which of the following characteristics is shared by simple and facilitated diffusion of glucose? Occurs down an electrochemical gradient Is saturable Requires metabolic energy Is inhibited by the presence of galactose Requires a Na⁺ -gradient

Occurs down an electrochemical gradient

The passive movement of water across a membrane down its concentration gradient Osmosis Osmolarity Pumps Exocytosis

Osmosis

Which of the following statements is False about the plasma membrane. All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. Plasma membranes separates interstitial fluid from extracellular fluid. Plasma membranes are made up of phospholipid bilayers. Plasma membranes are only permeable to hydrophilic substances like sodium. Plasma membranes are freely permeable to hydrophobic substances like oxygen.

Plasma membranes are only permeable to hydrophilic substances like sodium.

Active transport of molecules utilizing a protein (pump) that uses ATP as the energy source Passive Transport Active Transport Primary Active Transport Secondary Active Transport

Primary Active Transport

The anions that give the interior of cells their negative charge are ______? Sodium Potassium Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

Proteins

Which of the following statements regarding membrane transport is false? Polar and charged solutes will not cross cell membranes effectively without specific protein carriers. Each protein carrier will only bind and transport one (or at most a few very similar) type of solute. Sugars such as glucose are always transported by active transport rather than by facilitated diffusion carriers. Large molecules, such as proteins, usually are not transported across cell membranes. Ions are typically transported by special proteins that form membrane channels.

Sugars such as glucose are always transported by active transport rather than by facilitated diffusion carriers.

Which of the following statements are not true about the sodium potassium pump? After releasing ions into the extracellular fluid, the carrier protein exhibits a new conformation. With this new conformation, the carrier protein can now bind to different ions in the extracellular fluid. The ions in the extracellular fluid bind to the carrier protein, and the potassium attached to the carrier protein is released. The carrier protein then changes shape again The carrier protein then changes shape again

The ions in the extracellular fluid bind to the carrier protein, and the potassium attached to the carrier protein is released.

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semi-permeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to occur, which of the following will happen? There will be no net movement of water The solute will move from the area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Water will move from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration Water will move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration

Water will move from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Which of the following substances is MOST likely to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane by dissolving in the membrane? a cation like potassium an anion like chloride a nonpolar molecule like oxygen a polar molecule like glucose a large polar molecule like albumin

a nonpolar molecule like oxygen

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the fluids surrounding the cell is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? active transport diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion

active transport

Which of the following substances requires a protein carrier in order to cross a membrane? water glucose sodium ion an amino acid all of the above

all of the above

Proteins in or associated with the plasma membrane: may serve as receptors. may serve as membrane-bound enzymes. may serve as channels. may serve as cell adhesion molecules. all of the above.

all of the above.

Which type of membrane carrier is responsible for the creation of Na+ and K+ gradients across the membrane of animal cells? a uniporter a symporter an antiporter an ATP-powered pump a channel protein

an ATP-powered pump

How many ions did Ca+ pump use for a cycle? an ion 2 ions 3 ions 4 ions 5 ions

an ion

Potassium: is negatively charged is positively charged is in higher concentration inside the cell both (a) and (c) both (b) and (c)

both (b) and (c)

Which type of membrane carrier is responsible for rapid water transport? a uniporter a symporter an antiporter an ATP-powered pump channel protein

channel protein

For protein synthesis messenger or mRNA codes for a new amino acid every three nucleotides. brings the proper amino acids to the ribosomes. catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids.

codes for a new amino acid every three nucleotides.

Osmosis is a special case of filtration active transport carrier transport diffusion facilitated diffusion

diffusion

Increasing the ________ would decrease the diffusion rate of oxygen. concentration gradient permeability of the membrane surface area of the membrane diffusion distance all of the above would decrease the diffusion rate of oxygen.

diffusion distance

The substance acetylcholine (ACh) is released from synaptic vesicles by the process of a) phagocytosis b) simple diffusion c) passive transport d) exocytosis e) endocytosis

exocytosis

The concentration of glucose in enterocytes (epithelial cells lining the small intestine) is higher than the concentration of glucose in the blood stream. Glucoseis transported by ________ when it is transported into the bloodstream from enterocytes. primary active transport. secondary active transport. facilitated diffusion simple diffusion osmosis

facilitated diffusion

Movement of solvent and dissolved substances across a cell membrane by hydrostatic pressure is a) filtration b) facilitated diffusion c) osmosis d) simple diffusion e) active transport

filtration

At rest cells: are permeable to sodium have less potassium in their intracellular fluid than the extracellular fluid. have less sodium in their intracellular fluid than the extracellular fluid. have a net positive charge to their interiors. all of the above

have less sodium in their intracellular fluid than the extracellular fluid.

A(n) ______ solution would make your red blood cells shrink. hypotonic hypertonic isotonic isometric hypoplasia

hypertonic

Indicate in which compartment you would find a low concentration of both K+ ions and Proteins intracellular fluid plasma interstitial fluid extracellular fluid none of these

interstitial fluid

Which an individual cardiac muscle fiber can have the resting membrane potential? is about 25 to 30 mV is about 35 to 45 mV is about 55 to 60 mV is about 65 to 75 mV is about 85 to 95 mV

is about 85 to 95 mV

Sodium: is negatively charged is positively charged is in higher concentration inside the cell both (is negatively charged) and (is in higher concentration inside the cell) both is (positively charged) and (is positively charged)

is positively charged

The ________________ is where the majority of ATP is made in the cell. lysosomes peroxisomes ribosomes mitochondria Golgi complex

mitochondria

The process of water diffusing down its concentration gradient is called: primary active transport phagocytosis osmosis pinocytosis secondary active transport

osmosis

Vesicular transport is the process by which cells bring in or release large amounts of solutes or large particles. Which of the following is the vesicular transport method that white blood cells would use to engulf a bacterial cell? exocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis receptor

phagocytosis

Plasma membranes are made up of lipid bilayers that spontaneously form due to the amphipathic nature of ________. Cholesterol triglycerides phospholipids ATP cytoskeleton

phospholipids

The sodium potassium pump or ATPase that pumps 3 sodium out of the cell for every 2 potassium it pumps in is a form of: primary active transport. secondary active transport. facilitated diffusion simple diffusion Osmosis

primary active transport.

In a cell, movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration uses facilitated diffusion requires cellular energy needs associated (peripheral) proteins requires both cellular en ergy and facilitated diffusion uses its concentration gradient to move

requires cellular energy

The concentration of glucose in the lumen of the intestine is lower than the concentration of glucose in the enterocytes (epithelial cells lining the small intestine), if the sodium potassium pump is inhibited by the drug phloridzin then no glucose is absorbed into the enterocytes. Therefore glucose is transported by ________ when it is absorbed into enterocytes from the intestine. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion simple diffusion osmosis

secondary active transport

Which statement is correct concerning the sodium-potassium pump? it is used in order to generate ATP for cellular activities the ions move directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane an equal concentration of sodium and potassium ions are exchanged sodium ions are pumped out of the cell

sodium ions are pumped out of the cell

The sodium-potassium pump functions to pump: sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell sodium and potassium ions into the cell sodium and potassium ions out of the cell sodium and potassium ions in both directions across the cell membrane.

sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

What kind of water transport through membrane does cell use? this is phagocytosis this is secondary active transport this is pinocytosis this is primary active transport this is passive transport

this is passive transport

What kind of a large molecule transport through membrane does cell use? this is diffusion this is secondary active transport this is pinocytosis this is primary active transport this is passive transport

this is pinocytosis

What kind of transport substances through cell's membrane does a K+ - Na+ pump do? this is diffusion this is secondary active transport this is pinocytosis this is primary active transport this is passive osmosis

this is primary active transport

What kind of transport substances through cell's membrane does a K+ Na+ pump do? this is diffusion this is secondary active transport this is pinocytosis this is primary active transport this is passive osmosis

this is primary active transport

What kind of transport substances through cell's membrane does a Са2+ pump do? this is diffusion this is secondary active transport this is pinocytosis this is primary active transport this is passive osmosis

this is primary active transport

The sodium-potassium pump is a trans-membrane protein. true false is a trans-membrane lipids is a trans-membrane carbohydrates C and D

true