Macromolecules- Section 2.3

peptide

Bonds that connect amino acids.

20

How many amino acids exist to make proteins?

polypeptide

The polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

simple sugar

another name for a monosaccharide. Glucose is an example

complex carbs

another name for a polysaccharide. Starch is an example.

Smallest unit of matter

atom

Smallest unit of life

cell

hydrolysis

the process of breaking apart a polymer using water

dehydration synthesis

the process of making a polymer that involves the removal of water

polymerization

the simple term for making a polymer, where monomers are bonded together. Requires energy!

monomer

the small repeating units that make up polymers

unsaturated

A fat that contains at least one double bond between carbons. usually liquid at room temperature.

saturated

A fat with no double bonds. solid at room temperature.

macromolecule

A very large organic molecule.

glucose

An example of a monosaccharide.

Organic matter is something that....

Contains carbon. Examples include proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

protein

Macromolecule group that is responsible for growth and repair of tissues, building structures within the body, acting as an enzyme to help speed up chemical reactions. Made up of monomers called amino acids

carbohydrate

Macromolecule group used as your body's primary energy source. Made up of monomers called monosaccharides (simple sugars)

lipid

Macromolecules that act as your body's secondary energy source, store energy for later usage, and are important in maintaining your cell membrane. Made up of monomers called glycerol and fatty acids.

nucleic acid

Macromolecules that are used to store and transmit genetic information. Made up of monomers called nucleotides.

nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids.

monosaccharide

Monomers of Carbohydrates

amino acid

Monomers of protein

polymer

a macromolecule composed of smaller repeating units known as monomers

DNA and RNA

Two examples of nucleic acids

Cellulose and Starch

Two examples of polysaccharides

polysaccharide

a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together

Carbon

element found in all organic molecules, including all of your proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.